Marital Status and Prostate Cancer Incidence: A Pooled Analysis of 12 Case-Control Studies From the PRACTICAL Consortium

Abstract While being in a committed relationship is associated with a better prostate cancer prognosis, little is known about how marital status relates to its incidence. Social support provided by marriage/relationship could promote a healthy lifestyle and an increased healthcare seeking behavior.We investigated the association between marital status and prostate cancer risk using data from the PRACTICAL Consortium. Pooled analyses were conducted combining 12 case-control studies based on histologically-confirmed incident prostate cancers and controls with information on marital status prior to diagnosis/interview. Marital status was categorized as married/partner, separated/divorced, single, or widowed. Tumours with Gleason scores ≥8 defined high-grade cancers, and low-grade otherwise. NCI-SEER’s summary stages (local, regional, distant) indicated the extent of the cancer. Logistic regression was used to derive odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between marital status and prostate cancer risk, adjusting for potential confounders. Overall, 14,760 cases and 12,019 controls contributed to analyses. Compared to men who were married/with a partner, widowed men had an OR of 1.19 (95%CI 1.03-1.35) of prostate cancer, with little difference between low- and high-grade tumours. Risk estimates among widowers were 1.14 (95%CI 0.97-1.34) for local, 1.53 (95%CI 1.22-1.92) for regional, and 1.56 (95%CI 1.05-2.32) for distant stage tumours. Single men had elevated risks of high-grade cancers. Our findings highlight elevated risks of incident prostate cancer among widowers, more often characterized by tumours that had spread beyond the prostate at the time of diagnosis. Social support interventions and closer medical follow-up in this sub-population are warranted.

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Association of GSTM1 Null Allele with Prostate Cancer Risk: Evidence from 36 Case-Control Studies

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0046982 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. e46982 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Bingbing Wei ◽

Zhuoqun Xu ◽

You Zhou ◽

Jun Ruan ◽

Huan Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Null Allele ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Control Studies

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The RTK/ERK pathway is associated with prostate cancer risk on the SNP level: A pooled analysis of 41 sets of data from case–control studies

Gene ◽

10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.042 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 534 (2) ◽

pp. 286-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yang Chen ◽

Tianyu Li ◽

Xiaoqiang Yu ◽

Jianfeng Xu ◽

Jianling Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Erk Pathway ◽

Case Control Studies

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Polymorphic variants in PTGS2 and prostate cancer risk: results from two large nested case-control studies

Carcinogenesis ◽

10.1093/carcin/bgm253 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 568-572 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

K. N. Danforth ◽

R. B. Hayes ◽

C. Rodriguez ◽

K. Yu ◽

L. C. Sakoda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Polymorphic Variants ◽

Nested Case Control

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Prostate Cancer Risk Calculator Apps in a Taiwanese Population Cohort: Validation Study

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/16322 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. e16322

Author(s):

I-Hsuan Alan Chen ◽

Chi-Hsiang Chu ◽

Jen-Tai Lin ◽

Jeng-Yu Tsai ◽

Chia-Cheng Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Risk Calculator ◽

Taiwanese Population ◽

Goodness Of Fit Test ◽

Significant Difference

Background Mobile health apps have emerged as useful tools for patients and clinicians alike, sharing health information or assisting in clinical decision-making. Prostate cancer (PCa) risk calculator mobile apps have been introduced to assess risks of PCa and high-grade PCa (Gleason score ≥7). The Rotterdam Prostate Cancer Risk Calculator and Coral–Prostate Cancer Nomogram Calculator apps were developed from the 2 most-studied PCa risk calculators, the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) and the North American Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) risk calculators, respectively. A systematic review has indicated that the Rotterdam and Coral apps perform best during the prebiopsy stage. However, the epidemiology of PCa varies among different populations, and therefore, the applicability of these apps in a Taiwanese population needs to be evaluated. This study is the first to validate the PCa risk calculator apps with both biopsy and prostatectomy cohorts in Taiwan. Objective The study’s objective is to validate the PCa risk calculator apps using a Taiwanese cohort of patients. Additionally, we aim to utilize postprostatectomy pathology outcomes to assess the accuracy of both apps with regard to high-grade PCa. Methods All male patients who had undergone transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsies in a single Taiwanese tertiary medical center from 2012 to 2018 were identified retrospectively. The probabilities of PCa and high-grade PCa were calculated utilizing the Rotterdam and Coral apps, and compared with biopsy and prostatectomy results. Calibration was graphically evaluated with the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Discrimination was analyzed utilizing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Decision curve analysis was performed for clinical utility. Results Of 1134 patients, 246 (21.7%) were diagnosed with PCa; of these 246 patients, 155 (63%) had high-grade PCa, according to the biopsy results. After confirmation with prostatectomy pathological outcomes, 47.2% (25/53) of patients were upgraded to high-grade PCa, and 1.2% (1/84) of patients were downgraded to low-grade PCa. Only the Rotterdam app demonstrated good calibration for detecting high-grade PCa in the biopsy cohort. The discriminative ability for both PCa (AUC: 0.779 vs 0.687; DeLong’s method: P<.001) and high-grade PCa (AUC: 0.862 vs 0.758; P<.001) was significantly better for the Rotterdam app. In the prostatectomy cohort, there was no significant difference between both apps (AUC: 0.857 vs 0.777; P=.128). Conclusions The Rotterdam and Coral apps can be applied to the Taiwanese cohort with accuracy. The Rotterdam app outperformed the Coral app in the prediction of PCa and high-grade PCa. Despite the small size of the prostatectomy cohort, both apps, to some extent, demonstrated the predictive capacity for true high-grade PCa, confirmed by the whole prostate specimen. Following our external validation, the Rotterdam app might be a good alternative to help detect PCa and high-grade PCa for Taiwanese men.

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Inflammatory and insulinemic dietary patterns: Influence on circulating biomarkers and prostate cancer risk in the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer (PLCO) cohort.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e17561 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e17561-e17561

Author(s):

Desmond Aroke ◽

Edmund Folefac ◽

Qi Jin ◽

Ni Shi ◽

Steven K. Clinton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

C Peptide ◽

Prostate Carcinogenesis ◽

Hazard Ratios

e17561 Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is common in countries with affluent dietary patterns and represents a heterogeneous collection of subtypes with varying behavior. Reductionist strategies focusing on individual nutrients or foods have not clearly defined risk factors. We have developed mechanisms-based dietary patterns focusing upon inflammation and chronic insulin hypersecretion, processes that are hypothesized to impact prostate carcinogenesis. Methods: First, we examined associations of the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) scores with circulating concentrations of relevant biomarkers, to assess the validity of these two dietary patterns. Secondly, we investigated associations of the EDIH and EDIP with risk of PCa (total, low-grade, high-grade, advanced and lethal). EDIH and EDIP dietary scores calculated from food frequency questionnaire data for 3,517 men and women who provided a blood sample at enrollment, were used to validate dietary patterns against known relevant biomarkers. A separate sample of 49,317 men was used to evaluate the associations of EDIH and EDIP with prostate cancer risk. We used multivariable-adjusted linear regression to compute the percent change and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) in biomarker concentrations, and Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95%CI for PCa risk; in dietary score quintiles, using the lowest quintile as reference. Results: Compared to the lowest quintile, participants in the highest EDIH quintile (most hyperinsulinemic diets) had significantly higher concentrations of C-peptide, insulin, CRP, and TNF-R2 and lower adiponectin. Those consuming the most pro-inflammatory diets (EDIP) had significantly higher concentrations of IL-6, TNF-R2, C-peptide and insulin with lower adiponectin. Men classified in EDIH quintile 5 compared to 1, were also at higher total PCa risk: HR, 1.11; 95%CI, 1.01, 1.23; P-trend = 0.03, especially high-grade cancer: HR, 1.18; 95%CI, 1.02, 1.37; P-trend = 0.06; whereas the EDIP was not associated with risk. Conclusions: EDIH and EDIP predicted concentrations of biomarkers relevant to the insulinemic and inflammatory potential of diet in PLCO. EDIH predicted future PCa risk and may suggest a dietary pattern for PCa prevention.

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Anthropometric Measures and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwab054 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Olivia Sattayapiwat ◽

Peggy Wan ◽

Brenda Y Hernandez ◽

Loic Le Marchand ◽

Lynne Wilkens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Multiethnic Cohort ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Studies of anthropometric measures and prostate cancer risk conducted primarily in White men have reported positive associations with advanced disease. We assessed body size in relation to incident prostate cancer risk in 79,950 men from the Multiethnic Cohort, with 8,819 cases identified over a 22-year period (1993-2015). Height was associated with increased risk of advanced prostate cancer (hazard ratio=1.24, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.48; ≥68 inches versus <66 inches) and high-grade disease (hazard ratio=1.15, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.31). Compared to men of normal weight, men overweight at baseline were at higher risk of high-grade cancer (hazard ratio=1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.26). Greater weight was positively associated with localized and low-grade disease in African Americans and Native Hawaiians (Pheterogeneity by race 0.0002 and 0.008 respectively). Weight change since age 21 was positively associated with high-grade disease (hazard ratio=1.20, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.37; for ≥40 lb vs 10 lb; Ptrend=0.005). Comparing highest versus lowest quartile, waist-to-hip ratio was associated with a 1.78-fold increase (95% CI: 1.28, 2.46) in the risk of advanced prostate cancer. Positive associations with the majority of anthropometric measures were observed in all five racial/ethnic groups, suggesting a general impact of anthropometric measures on risk across populations.

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Blood Level Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Risk Determinant Molecular Biomarker for Prostate Cancer

Prostate Cancer ◽

10.1155/2013/875615 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mishell Kris Sorongon-Legaspi ◽

Michael Chua ◽

Maria Christina Sio ◽

Marcelino Morales

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Blood Level ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Positive Association ◽

Case Control ◽

Blood Levels ◽

High Grade ◽

Omega 3 ◽

High Blood Level

Previous researches involving dietary methods have shown conflicting findings. Authors sought to assess the association of prostate cancer risk with blood levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) through a meta-analysis of human epidemiological studies in available online databases (July, 2012). After critical appraisal by two independent reviewers, Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOQAS) was used to grade the studies. Six case control and six nested case control studies were included. Results showed nonsignificant association of overall effect estimates with total or advanced prostate cancer or high-grade tumor. High blood level of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) had nonsignificant positive association with total prostate cancer risk. High blood level of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) had significant negative association with total prostate cancer risk. Specific n-3 PUFA in fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had positive association with high-grade prostate tumor risk only after adjustment of interstudy variability. There is evidence that high blood level of DPA that is linked with reduced total prostate cancer risk and elevated blood levels of fish oils, EPA, and DHA is associated with high-grade prostate tumor, but careful interpretation is needed due to intricate details involved in prostate carcinogenesis and N-3 PUFA metabolism.

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“Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene Val158Met polymorphism and prostate cancersusceptibility”

10.1101/2020.04.16.20067736 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pradeep Kumar ◽

Vandana Rai

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Genetic Model ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Comt Val158met ◽

Val158met Polymorphism ◽

Allele Contrast

AbstractProstate cancer is one of the most common and a serious malignancy of males and it is well reported that estrogen plays a pivotal role in prostate carcinogenesis. Catechol-O - methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes the inactivation of estrogens. Several studies have investigated the association of COMT gene Val158Metpolymorphism with prostate cancer, but results were inconsistent and inconclusive. Hence, to assess this association, we performed a meta-analysis of all published case-control studies. Pubmed, Springer link, Google Scholar, Elsevier and Springer link databases were searched for case-control studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used as association measure. Statistical analysis was performed with the software program MIX and MetaAnalyst. In the current meta-analysis, 11 case control studies with 3381 prostate cancer cases and 3,276 healthy controls were considered. The results indicated no significant association between COMT Val158Met polymorphism and prostate cancer risk using allele contrast, co-dominant and homozygote models (allele contrast: OR= 0.92; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.98=; p= 0.02; co-dominant: OR=0.81; 95% CI= 0.85 to1.07; p= 0.46; homozygote: OR= 0.81; 95% CI= 0.70 to 0.95, p= 0.008), but showed significant association with dominant and recessive models (dominant: OR 1.18=; 95% CI= 1.03 to1.34; p= 0.01; recessive: OR= 1.54; 95% CI= 1.1 to 2.07; p = 0.003). In subgroup analysis meta-analysis using recessive genetic model showed significant association between COMT Val 158Met polymorphism and prostate cancer risk in both Asian and Caucasian populations. In conclusion, results of present meta-analysis supports that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism is risk factor for prostate cancer.

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