scholarly journals Preliminary damage survey of school buildings and proposed plan for reconstruction of school buildings after 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youb Raj Paudyal ◽  
Netra Prakash Bhandary ◽  
Ryuichi Yatabe
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Damage Survey ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Construction Supervision

Abstract The 2015 Gorkha Earthquake (Mw = 7.8) in Nepal has devastated about 9,000 schools. The majority of damage was conceived in the peripheral districts of the Kathmandu valley. Damage distribution in the most-affected 14 districts shows that previous construction practices were an important determent for the intensity of the damage observed across these districts. The use of improper construction materials, lack of construction supervision and non-compliance with existing building codes during design and construction contributed to most of the school buildings to be severely or fully damaged. In addition to the physical damage to infrastructure, there is a significant psychological impact in terms of the effect that the disaster had on the mental health of on the school-going children, their parents and teachers within the affected areas. Preliminary damage assessment results show that in the most-affected districts, about 86% schools have been affected by the earthquakes and about one million students have been or still are out of schools for a longer period of time as a result of this. Preliminary data shows that about 30% classrooms are collapsed, about 13% classrooms are major damaged, and about 17% are minor damaged with in the most-affected 14 districts. This evidences of losses and damages from the earthquake provides an opportunity to learn lessons for future preparedness to encounter the challenge of disaster. This paper attempts to identify the needs to be addressed for the reconstruction of school buildings after 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal.

scholarly journals Damage to School Buildings During the 2015 Nepal Earthquake and Reconstruction Strategy

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youb Raj Paudyal ◽  
Netra Prakash Bhandary
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Nepal Earthquake ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Reconstruction Strategy ◽  
2015 Nepal Earthquake

Abstract The 2015 Nepal Earthquake (Mw7.8) affected more than 9,000 schools in the country. Damage distribution in the 14 most-affected administrative districts shows that the construction practices were an important determent for the level of damage extended. Use of improper construction materials, lack of construction supervision, and non-compliance with the existing building codes during design and construction probably contributed to the severe damage of most of the school buildings. Preliminary damage assessment results show that in the most-affected districts, about 86% schools were affected by the earthquake and about one million students were out of their schools for a long time. The damage survey data indicate that about 30% classrooms collapsed, about 13% classrooms sustained major damage, and about 17% classrooms sustained minor damage within the 14 districts. Such evidence of loss and damage in the earthquake disasters provides an opportunity to learn lessons for the future preparedness and to encounter the disaster challenges. Based on the damage analysis data and experience of reconstruction process after the 2015 Nepal Earthquake, this paper highlights the steps to be considered during reconstruction strategy planning for school buildings after an earthquake disaster.

scholarly journals The Influence of Surface Topography on the Weak Ground Shaking in Kathmandu Valley during the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, Nepal

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Mark van der Meijde ◽  
Md Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
Norman Kerle ◽  
Saad Khan ◽  
Harald van der Werff
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Spectral Element ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Ground Displacement ◽  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Earthquake Scenarios ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake

It remains elusive why there was only weak and limited ground shaking in Kathmandu valley during the 25 April 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake. Our spectral element numerical simulations show that, during this earthquake, surface topography restricted the propagation of seismic energy into the valley. The mountains diverted the incoming seismic wave mostly to the eastern and western margins of the valley. As a result, we find de-amplification of peak ground displacement in most of the valley interior. Modeling of alternative earthquake scenarios of the same magnitude occurring at different locations shows that these will affect the Kathmandu valley much more strongly, up to 2–3 times more, than the 2015 Gorkha earthquake did. This indicates that surface topography contributed to the reduced seismic shaking for this specific earthquake and lessened the earthquake impact within the valley.

scholarly journals Implementation of BIM Modelling and Simulation Tools in Reducing Annual Energy Consumption of Multifamily Dwellings

2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Subbarao Yarramsetty ◽  
MVN Siva Kumar ◽  
P Anand Raj
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rotational Angle ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Efficient Option

In current research, building modelling and energy simulation tools were used to analyse and estimate the energy use of dwellings in order to reduce the annual energy use in multifamily dwellings. A three-story residential building located in Kabul city was modelled in Revit and all required parameters for running energy simulation were set. A Total of 126 experiments were conducted to estimate annual energy loads of the building. Different combinations from various components such as walls, roofs, floors, doors, and windows were created and simulated. Ultimately, the most energy efficient option in the context of Afghan dwellings was figured out. The building components consist of different locally available construction materials currently used in buildings in Afghanistan. Furthermore, the best energy efficient option was simulated by varying, building orientation in 15-degree increments and glazing area from 10% to 60% to find the most energy efficient combination. It was found that combination No. 48 was best option from energy conservation point of view and 120-degree rotational angle from north to east, of the existing building was the most energy-efficient option. Also, it was observed that 60% glazing area model consumed 24549 kWh more electricity compared to the one with 10% glazing area.

Characterizing the Kathmandu Valley sediment response through strong motion recordings of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake sequence

2017 ◽  
Vol 714-715 ◽  
pp. 146-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rajaure ◽  
D. Asimaki ◽  
E.M. Thompson ◽  
S. Hough ◽  
S. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Motion ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake

scholarly journals Comparison of Earthquake-Triggered Landslide Inventories: A Case Study of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, Nepal

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meena ◽  
Tavakkoli Piralilou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping ◽  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Area Distribution ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
The World ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Event Based ◽  
The Impact

Despite landslide inventories being compiled throughout the world every year at different scales, limited efforts have been made to critically compare them using various techniques or by different investigators. Event-based landslide inventories indicate the location, distribution, and detected boundaries of landslides caused by a single event, such as an earthquake or a rainstorm. Event-based landslide inventories are essential for landslide susceptibility mapping, hazard modeling, and further management of risk mitigation. In Nepal, there were several attempts to map landslides in detail after the Gorkha earthquake. Particularly after the main event on 25 April 2015, researchers around the world mapped the landslides induced by this earthquake. In this research, we compared four of these published inventories qualitatively and quantitatively using different techniques. Two principal methodologies, namely the cartographical degree of matching and frequency area distribution (FAD), were optimized and applied to evaluate inventory maps. We also showed the impact of using satellite imagery with different spatial resolutions on the landslide inventory generation by analyzing matches and mismatches between the inventories. The results of our work give an overview of the impact of methodology selection and outline the limitations and advantages of different remote sensing and mapping techniques for landslide inventorying.

scholarly journals OVERALL FEATURES OF MULTIPLE LAND-SLIDES ALONG TRISHULI RIVER TRIGGERED BY THE 2015 GORKHA EARTHQUAKE, NEPAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. I_554-I_561
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mayumi NAKATA ◽  
Hikaru TOMITA ◽  
Kazuo KONAGAI ◽  
Masataka SHIGA ◽  
Takaaki IKEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake
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