scholarly journals Damage to School Buildings During the 2015 Nepal Earthquake and Reconstruction Strategy

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youb Raj Paudyal ◽  
Netra Prakash Bhandary
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Nepal Earthquake ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Reconstruction Strategy ◽  
2015 Nepal Earthquake

Abstract The 2015 Nepal Earthquake (Mw7.8) affected more than 9,000 schools in the country. Damage distribution in the 14 most-affected administrative districts shows that the construction practices were an important determent for the level of damage extended. Use of improper construction materials, lack of construction supervision, and non-compliance with the existing building codes during design and construction probably contributed to the severe damage of most of the school buildings. Preliminary damage assessment results show that in the most-affected districts, about 86% schools were affected by the earthquake and about one million students were out of their schools for a long time. The damage survey data indicate that about 30% classrooms collapsed, about 13% classrooms sustained major damage, and about 17% classrooms sustained minor damage within the 14 districts. Such evidence of loss and damage in the earthquake disasters provides an opportunity to learn lessons for the future preparedness and to encounter the disaster challenges. Based on the damage analysis data and experience of reconstruction process after the 2015 Nepal Earthquake, this paper highlights the steps to be considered during reconstruction strategy planning for school buildings after an earthquake disaster.

scholarly journals Preliminary damage survey of school buildings and proposed plan for reconstruction of school buildings after 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youb Raj Paudyal ◽  
Netra Prakash Bhandary ◽  
Ryuichi Yatabe
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Damage Survey ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Construction Supervision

Abstract The 2015 Gorkha Earthquake (Mw = 7.8) in Nepal has devastated about 9,000 schools. The majority of damage was conceived in the peripheral districts of the Kathmandu valley. Damage distribution in the most-affected 14 districts shows that previous construction practices were an important determent for the intensity of the damage observed across these districts. The use of improper construction materials, lack of construction supervision and non-compliance with existing building codes during design and construction contributed to most of the school buildings to be severely or fully damaged. In addition to the physical damage to infrastructure, there is a significant psychological impact in terms of the effect that the disaster had on the mental health of on the school-going children, their parents and teachers within the affected areas. Preliminary damage assessment results show that in the most-affected districts, about 86% schools have been affected by the earthquakes and about one million students have been or still are out of schools for a longer period of time as a result of this. Preliminary data shows that about 30% classrooms are collapsed, about 13% classrooms are major damaged, and about 17% are minor damaged with in the most-affected 14 districts. This evidences of losses and damages from the earthquake provides an opportunity to learn lessons for future preparedness to encounter the challenge of disaster. This paper attempts to identify the needs to be addressed for the reconstruction of school buildings after 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal.

scholarly journals Implementation of BIM Modelling and Simulation Tools in Reducing Annual Energy Consumption of Multifamily Dwellings

2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Subbarao Yarramsetty ◽  
MVN Siva Kumar ◽  
P Anand Raj
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rotational Angle ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Efficient Option

In current research, building modelling and energy simulation tools were used to analyse and estimate the energy use of dwellings in order to reduce the annual energy use in multifamily dwellings. A three-story residential building located in Kabul city was modelled in Revit and all required parameters for running energy simulation were set. A Total of 126 experiments were conducted to estimate annual energy loads of the building. Different combinations from various components such as walls, roofs, floors, doors, and windows were created and simulated. Ultimately, the most energy efficient option in the context of Afghan dwellings was figured out. The building components consist of different locally available construction materials currently used in buildings in Afghanistan. Furthermore, the best energy efficient option was simulated by varying, building orientation in 15-degree increments and glazing area from 10% to 60% to find the most energy efficient combination. It was found that combination No. 48 was best option from energy conservation point of view and 120-degree rotational angle from north to east, of the existing building was the most energy-efficient option. Also, it was observed that 60% glazing area model consumed 24549 kWh more electricity compared to the one with 10% glazing area.

Co-seismic and Post-seismic Changes in ZTD and TEC of the 2015 Nepal Earthquake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Akilan ◽  
S. Padhy ◽  
V. P. Dimri ◽  
H. Schuh ◽  
K. K. Abdul Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Nepal Earthquake ◽  
2015 Nepal Earthquake

Who is robot Grace?

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Sergeevich Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Da Vinci Robotic System

In the modern world, against the background of the flourishing of scientific and technological progress, more and more industries appear in which traditional and specific work is no longer performed by people, but by robots. Automated mechanisms turned out to be able to replace the functions of loaders, vehicle drivers, and assemblers on the conveyor. For a long time medicine remained an exclusively "live" industry, in which the presence and participation of competent and highly qualified personnel was necessary. However, in the last century already, mankind had the opportunity to learn about the da Vinci robotic system, capable of performing the most complex and high-precision operations, and recently, specialists from Hong Kong have developed a robot nurse Grace, designed to perform the functions of paramedical personnel. The impetus for the creation of a robot nurse was the coronavirus pandemic, in which medical workers took the whole blow, and, unfortunately, proved to be very vulnerable to infection. Against the background of the colossal rate of infection of the medical staff, very often medical workers became victims of this dangerous disease; there was simply no one to look after the patients, and the remaining staff was unable to cope with the enormous workload. Therefore, Hong Kong scientists came up with the idea of giving a "medical orientation" to the previously developed humanoid robot Sophia, dressing it in a medical uniform and equipping it with the necessary skills.

scholarly journals Amazing Types, Properties, and Applications of Fibres in Construction Materials

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Mohajerani ◽  
Siu-Qun Hui ◽  
Mehdi Mirzababaei ◽  
Arul Arulrajah ◽  
Suksun Horpibulsuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fibre Reinforcement ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Incineration Process

Fibres have been used in construction materials for a very long time. Through previous research and investigations, the use of natural and synthetic fibres have shown promising results, as their presence has demonstrated significant benefits in terms of the overall physical and mechanical properties of the composite material. When comparing fibre reinforcement to traditional reinforcement, the ratio of fibre required is significantly less, making fibre reinforcement both energy and economically efficient. More recently, waste fibres have been studied for their potential as reinforcement in construction materials. The build-up of waste materials all around the world is a known issue, as landfill space is limited, and the incineration process requires considerable energy and produces unwanted emissions. The utilisation of waste fibres in construction materials can alleviate these issues and promote environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions that work in the industry. This study reviews the types, properties, and applications of different fibres used in a wide range of materials in the construction industry, including concrete, asphalt concrete, soil, earth materials, blocks and bricks, composites, and other applications.

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