Multiple Level Effects Of Imazethapyr On Leptodactylus Latinasus (Anura) Adult Frogs

Abstract Imazetapir is a herbicide used in soybean and corn crops worldwide. Ecotoxicological studies have shown that imazetapir promotes genotoxic, biochemical and individual effects in aquatic vertebrates. In this study, we evaluated the response of different biomarkers in adult specimens of Leptodactylus latinasus exposed under laboratory conditions to the imazetapir based-formulation Pivot® H (10.59% Imazetapir) mimicking two possible real acute scenarios. Both exposure scenarios considered were the runoff simulation (scenario1: 10 mg/L) and the direct spraying application (scenario2: 1000 mg/L). Different endpoints were evaluated at several ecotoxicological levels after 48 and 96 h of exposure including individual (biometric indices and behavior alterations), histological (liver pigmentation and tissue alterations), biochemical (catalase, glutathione system and cholinesterase activities) and genotoxic effects (induction of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities). The exposure to Pivot® H during 48 h, induced inhibition of the glutathione-S-transferase activity in scenario1 and an increase of hepatic tissue alterations and acetyl-cholinesterase levels in scenario2. After 96 h, we demonstrated that imazetapir formulation induced a decrease in melanin and hemosiderin, an increase in catalase activity and induction of micronuclei in scenario1 while in scenario2 there was a decrease in the hepatosomatic index, and an increase in liver alterations and melanin reduction. The multivariate analysis allows to correlate biomarkers at the same level in exposed specimens. Accordingly, we conclude that populations of L. latinasus could be at risk after real scenarios of exposure to pesticides corroborating that the species is a good model for ecotoxicological studies in the region.

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Hepatoprotective potential of Trigonella foenum graecum in deltamethrin induced albino rats

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research ◽

10.30750/ijpbr.2.4.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (04) ◽

pp. 01-08

Author(s):

Uma Nath Tripathi ◽

Deepak Chandra

Keyword(s):

Serum Levels ◽

Hepatic Tissue ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Transferase Activity ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Group Vi ◽

Group V ◽

Group Iii ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽

Group I

Objective: Aim of investigation focuses attention on hepatoprotective and antioxidative effect of aqueous extract of Trigonella foenum graecum (TFG) in hepatic tissue of deltamethrin fed rats. Methods: In a 45 days treatment, rats were divided into six groups (IVI) of six animals in each, experiments were repeated thrice. Group I served as control rats; Group II received TFG dose 1 (9 g seed powder/kg b. wt./day); Group III received TFG dose 2 (45 g seed powder/kg b. wt./day); Group IV received deltamethrin; Group V received both deltamethrin and TFG (9 g seed powder/kg b. wt./day) and Group VI received both deltamethrin and TFG (9 g seed powder/kg b. wt./day). Results: In the present study, higher dose of TGF did not affect the levels of hepatic marker enzymes, which suggests that this dose had no toxic effect on normal rats. Significant increases in the serum levels of hepatic markers enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP) were observed in deltamethrin treated rats. Furthermore, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) content were decreased in hepatic tissue of deltamethrin treated rats. Additionally, serum cholesterol and hepatic lipid peroxidation were significantly enhanced. Co-administration of TFG and vitamin C to the group V and VI restored all the parameters cited above to near-normal values. Conclusion: The result obtained from present study revealed that TFG appeared to be a promising agent for protection against deltamethrin induced hepatotoxicity.

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Mechanisms of inactivation of Schistosoma mansoni and mammalian glutathione S-transferase activity by the antischistosomal drug oltipraz

Biochemical Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/0006-2952(92)90512-h ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 1345-1351 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Bakela Nare ◽

James M. Smith ◽

Roger K. Prichard

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Transferase Activity ◽

Glutathione S Transferase

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Glutathione S-Transferase Activity in Nontreated and CGA-154281- Treated Maize Shoots

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1991-9-1021 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 46 (9-10) ◽

pp. 850-855 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

John V. Dean ◽

John W. Gronwald ◽

Michael P. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Anion Exchange ◽

Cinnamic Acid ◽

Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography ◽

Transferase Activity ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Selective Enhancement

Abstract Fast protein liquid chromatography (anion exchange) was used to separate glutathione S-transferase isozymes in nontreated etiolated maize shoots and those treated with the herbicide safener CGA -1542814-(dichloroacetyl)-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2 H-1 ,4-benzoxazine. Nontreated shoots contained isozymes active with the following substrates: trans-cinnamic acid (1 isozyme), atrazine (3 isozymes), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (1 isozyme), metolachlor (2 isozymes) and the sulfoxide derivative of S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate (2 isozymes). Pretreatment of shoots with the safener CGA -154281 (1 μM) had no effect on the activity of the isozymes selective for trans-cinnamic acid and atrazine but increased the activity of the constitutively-expressed isozymes that exhibit activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, metolachlor and the sulfoxide derivative of S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate. The safener pretreatment also caused the appearance of one new isozyme active with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and one new isozyme active with metolachlor. The results illustrate the complexity of glutathione S-transferase activity in etiolated maize shoots, and the selective enhancement of glutathione S-transferase isozymes by the safener CGA -154281.

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Urinary thioethers in workers exposed to the asphalt: An impairment of glutathione s‐transferase activity?

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health ◽

10.1080/15287398709531041 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 533-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Amalia Lafuente ◽

Jordi Mallol

Keyword(s):

Transferase Activity ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Urinary Thioethers

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The distribution, induction and isoenzyme profile of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase in isolated rat liver parenchymal, Kupffer and endothelial cells

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2640737 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 264 (3) ◽

pp. 737-744 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

P Steinberg ◽

H Schramm ◽

L Schladt ◽

L W Robertson ◽

H Thomas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Peroxidase Activity ◽

Cell Types ◽

Transferase Activity ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Liver Parenchymal ◽

Parenchymal Cells

The distribution and inducibility of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.19) activities in rat liver parenchymal, Kupffer and endothelial cells were studied. In untreated rats glutathione S-transferase activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 4-hydroxynon-2-trans-enal as substrates was 1.7-2.2-fold higher in parenchymal cells than in Kupffer and endothelial cells, whereas total, selenium-dependent and non-selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activities were similar in all three cell types. Glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells isolated from untreated rats were separated by chromatofocusing in an f.p.l.c. system: all glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes observed in the sinusoidal lining cells were also detected in the parenchymal cells, whereas Kupffer and endothelial cells lacked several glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes present in parenchymal cells. At 5 days after administration of Arocolor 1254 glutathione S-transferase activity was only enhanced in parenchymal cells; furthermore, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity decreased in parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells. At 13 days after a single injection of Aroclor 1254 a strong induction of glutathione S-transferase had taken place in all three cell types, whereas selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity remained unchanged (endothelial cells) or was depressed (parenchymal and Kupffer cells). Hence these results clearly establish that glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase are differentially regulated in rat liver parenchymal as well as non-parenchymal cells. The presence of glutathione peroxidase and several glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes capable of detoxifying a variety of compounds in Kupffer and endothelial cells might be crucial to protect the liver from damage by potentially hepatotoxic substances.

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Expression of Glutathione S-Transferase Activity and Glutathione Content in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Bladder Associated with Schistosomiasis in a Population in Egypt

Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology ◽

10.3109/00365599709070301 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 43-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Galal E. M. D. Ghazaly ◽

Madeha M. Zakahary ◽

Mohamed A. A. El-aziz ◽

Ahmed A. E. M. Mahmoud ◽

Pablo Carretero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Transferase Activity ◽

Glutathione S Transferase

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Activités cholinestérasiques dans le foie de Poulet Rôle de l'endoderme dans l'apparition d'activités cholinestérasiques dans la composante mésenchymateuse du tissu hépatique

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.26.3.481 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 481-495

Author(s):

Par Elisabeth Houssaint ◽

Nicole Le Douarin

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Chick Embryo ◽

Cholinesterase Activity ◽

Enzymic Activity ◽

The Body ◽

Hepatic Tissue ◽

Experimental Procedure ◽

Septum Transversum ◽

Cholinesterase Activities

Cholinesterases in the chick liver. The role of the endoderm in the appearance of the activity of cholinesterases in the hepatic mesenchyme The histochemical method of Koelle & Friedenwald (1949), as modified by Gerebtzoff (1953), has been used to investigate the distribution of cholinesterases in the chick embryonic and adult liver. Non-specific cholinesterases and, in a lower proportion acetylcholinesterase, have been detected in the endothelial cells of blood sinusoids of both adult and embryonic hepatic tissue. The hepatocytes do not show any cholinesterase activity. Cholinesterases appear precociously in the liver mesenchyme, since they already occur in the septum transversum of the 3-day-old chick embryo. An experimental procedure preventing the invasion of the hepatic mesenchymal Anlage by the endodermic cords has been used. The experimentally isolated hepatic mesenchyme shows an important cholinesterase activity; therefore this activity does not depend on the presence of the hepatocytes. The grafting of the determined hepatic endodern in the somatopleura of the 3-day-old chick embryo results in the development of hepatic tissue in the body wall. In this experimentally produced liver, cholinesterase activities are present in the endothelial cells which have arisen from somatopleura mesenchymal cells, though normally somatopleural mesenchyme does not possess these enzymes. The role of the endoderm in the appearance of this enzymic activity in the somatopleural mesenchyme is discussed.

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