The effect of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and nitrogen fertilisation on biomass production, morphology, chemical composition and weed infestation of willow (Salix viminalis L.)

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.21203/rs.3.rs-230626/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Waldemar Helios

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

White Clover ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Weight Yield ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Trifolium Repens L

Abstract The study was aimed at determining the effect of nitrogen fertilization and white clover on biomass yield weed infestation, morphology, and chemical composition of willow. A field experiment was established in 2013 at Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life sciences (Poland). The results showed that the number and dry mass of weeds per 1m 2 , the number of willow shoots and the fresh weight yield of willow were smaller where clover was sown. The plants were found to be higher after applying nitrogen fertilization. The dry mass yield and shoot diameter did not depend on the cultivation method. Nitrogen fertilization increased the content of ash, and in undersowing cultivation the willow stems had higher nitrogen content than in monoculture. On average, the phloem had 5.6 times higher crude ash content and 4.6 times higher nitrogen content than wood. The ratio of wood dry mass to phloem dry mass in undersowing cultivation and nitrogen fertilization was 3.97:1, and 3.91:1 for the control. On the basis of the conducted research, it can be concluded that in the first years after planting the undersowing growing of willow with white clover can be an alternative to plantations fertilized and non-fertilized with nitrogen.

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Effect of White Clover (Trifolium repens L.) Undersowing Cultivation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Weed Infestation, Biomass Yield and Its Component, Content and Uptake of Macroelements of Willow (Salix viminalis L.)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040786 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 786

Author(s):

Waldemar Helios

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

White Clover ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Ash Content ◽

Environmental Implications ◽

Weight Yield ◽

Component Content ◽

Weed Infestation

Fertilization of willow with nitrogen is an important issue with economic and environmental implications. The study was aimed at determining the effect of nitrogen fertilization and white clover on weed infestation, morphology, biomass and chemical composition of willow. A field experiment was established at Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences (Poland) during the years 2013–2017 with the use of a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results showed that the number and dry mass of weeds per m2, the number of willow shoots and the fresh weight yield of willow were smaller where the clover was sown. The plants were found to be higher after applying nitrogen fertilization. The dry mass yield and shoot diameter did not depend on the cultivation method. Nitrogen fertilization increased the ash content. Undersowing willow with white clover, higher nitrogen content was found. Nitrogen fertilization increased the content of ash, and in undersowing cultivation, the willow stems had higher nitrogen content than in monoculture. On average, the phloem had 5.6 times higher crude ash content and 4.6 times higher nitrogen content than wood. On the basis of the conducted research, it can be concluded that in the first years after planting, the undersowing growing of willow with white clover can be an alternative to plantations fertilized and non-fertilized with nitrogen.

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Growth and chemical composition of white clover as affected by sulphur supply

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9590500 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 500 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

K Spencer

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

White Clover ◽

Trifolium Repens ◽

Sand Culture ◽

Protein Nitrogen ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Sulphate Sulphur ◽

Trifolium Repens L ◽

Four Levels

Plants of white clover (Trifolium repens L. var. Ladino) were grown in sand culture with four levels of sulphur supply. Growth increased with increasing sulphur supply, all plants except those at the highest sulphur level showing deficiency symptoms. As the severity of the deficiency increased, the root system formed a proportionately larger part of the plant, and the stems and petioles smaller proportions; the proportion of the whole plant formed by the laminae was reduced to only a slight extent. Nitrogen and sulphur fractions were examined in the laminae, nitrogen at each of three harvests and sulphur at the second harvest. The percentages of protein nitrogen and of total nitrogen increased as sulphur supply increased, protein nitrogen forming a greater proportion of the total nitrogen at the higher sulphur levels. In contrast, protein sulphur formed the bulk of the total sulphur in deficient plants, but as sulphur supply approached an adequate level for growth, there was a marked increase in non-protein organic sulphur and a smaller increase in sulphate sulphur. In this respect, white clover appears to differ from legumes other than Trifolium spp. and from non-legumes, all of which accumulate sulphur mainly as sulphate.

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Planting method, nitrogen fertilization and inoculation for diazotrophic bacteria for Cantaloupe melon plants

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas ◽

10.17584/rcch.2019v13i1.9720 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eduardo Pradi Vendruscolo ◽

Paulo Ricardo Oliveira ◽

Luiz Fernandes Cardoso Campos ◽

Alexsander Seleguini ◽

Sebastião Ferreira de Lima

Keyword(s):

Plant Development ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Planting Methods ◽

Fruit Productivity ◽

Planting Method ◽

Relative Chlorophyll Content

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on plant development, productivity and fruit quality from combinations of planting methods, nitrogen fertilizer applications and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in Cantaloupe melons cultivated in a protected environment. A randomized blocks design was adopted with a 2×2×2 factorial scheme with five replications. The treatments consisted of combinations of planting methods (pre-established seedlings or direct field sowing), inoculation with A. brasilense (with or without) and nitrogen fertilization (with and without). During the vegetative phase, the height, stem diameter, number and length of plant internodes and relative chlorophyll content were evaluated. Fifty-five days after planting, the leaf nitrogen content, leaf area and dry mass were measured. At harvest, the number of days between planting and harvesting was calculated, and the fresh weight, circumference, length, bark and pulp thickness and fruit productivity were evaluated. It was verified that A. brasilense did not affect any of the evaluated characteristics. On the other hand, direct field seed sowing decreased the production time and provided good plant development. However, the size and productivity of the fruits were higher when pre-established seedlings were used, with or without inoculation with A. brasilense, fertilized with nitrogen. It was concluded that the combinations of the different sowing methods, nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with A. brasilense affected the development and characteristics of the Cantaloupe melon plants and fruits.

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Agricultural answers and chemical composition of Massai grass under different nitrogen doses and urea sources

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n3p1225 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 1225

Author(s):

Aline Barros da Silva ◽

Carlos Augusto Brandão de Carvalho ◽

Danilo Antonio Morenz ◽

Pedro Henrique Ferreira da Silva ◽

Alex Junio dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

Coated Urea ◽

Use Efficiency

Under the hypothesis that modifying nitrogen sources and doses could increase nitrogen fertilization efficiency and productivity and improve forage quality, this study aimed to evaluate the morphological composition, structural characteristics and chemical composition of Panicum maximum cv. Massai forage cultivated under different urea sources (common and coated with Policote®) and nitrogen doses (200, 400 and 600 kg ha-1 year-1) during the autumn, winter and spring of 2014 and the summer and autumn of 2015. The experiment was carried out in Seropédica, RJ, under a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement (3x2) + 1 with four replications. High nitrogen rates promoted higher percentages of leaf blade dry mass and lower percentages of dead material dry mass in the forage mass and provided higher tiller population density and forage accumulation rate of Massai grass during the studied seasons. The use of coated urea promoted higher levels of crude protein in the forage than did the use of common urea in all seasons. The intensification of nitrogen fertilization reduced the nitrogen use efficiency but benefitted the structural characteristics, forage accumulation and chemical composition of Massai grass forage. The use of coated urea promoted greater of nitrogen use efficiency during all seasons of the year.

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Morphogenic and structural characteristics and chemical composition of grass aruana, submitted to nitrogen fertilization

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl2p3167 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽

pp. 3167 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alice Mariana Hupp Sacramento ◽

Olga Cedro de Menezes ◽

Tarcísio Marques Barros ◽

Diego Novais Pinheiro ◽

Soraya Maria Palma Luz Jaeger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Leaf Appearance

This study aimed at evaluating the morphogenic and structural characteristics of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Aruana, as well as its chemical composition after submitting it to different nitrogen levels. The experiment was performed by adopting a randomized block design which included four treatments (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1 of N) and three replications, in 100 m2 plots. Twice a week, for the 63 days of regrowth, the morphogenic characteristics were determined and estimated, after which the chemical composition was assessed. The aruana grass revealed a quadratic and positive response to the nitrogen fertilization, and showed a remarkable rise in the elongation rates, leaf appearance and senescence, besides the number of live leaves per tiller and final leaf length. However, the nitrogen fertilization reduced the phyllochron and leaf life in the aruana grass, implying the direct effect of nitrogen on the flow of tissues. A quadratic and positive effect of the nitrogen fertilization was observed for the dry mass production, from 5,840.80 kg ha-1 for plants lacking the nitrogen fertilization to 8,862.55 kg ha-1 for those fertilized with 225 kg ha-1 of N. Thus, while the nitrogen fertilization positively affected both tillering and morphogenesis, the N doses used in this study were insufficient to induce any change in the chemical composition of the aruana grass.

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