Planting method, nitrogen fertilization and inoculation for diazotrophic bacteria for Cantaloupe melon plants

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on plant development, productivity and fruit quality from combinations of planting methods, nitrogen fertilizer applications and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in Cantaloupe melons cultivated in a protected environment. A randomized blocks design was adopted with a 2×2×2 factorial scheme with five replications. The treatments consisted of combinations of planting methods (pre-established seedlings or direct field sowing), inoculation with A. brasilense (with or without) and nitrogen fertilization (with and without). During the vegetative phase, the height, stem diameter, number and length of plant internodes and relative chlorophyll content were evaluated. Fifty-five days after planting, the leaf nitrogen content, leaf area and dry mass were measured. At harvest, the number of days between planting and harvesting was calculated, and the fresh weight, circumference, length, bark and pulp thickness and fruit productivity were evaluated. It was verified that A. brasilense did not affect any of the evaluated characteristics. On the other hand, direct field seed sowing decreased the production time and provided good plant development. However, the size and productivity of the fruits were higher when pre-established seedlings were used, with or without inoculation with A. brasilense, fertilized with nitrogen. It was concluded that the combinations of the different sowing methods, nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with A. brasilense affected the development and characteristics of the Cantaloupe melon plants and fruits.

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Quantifying Leaf Trait Covariations and Their Relationships with Plant Adaptation Strategies along an Aridity Gradient

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10101066 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1066

Author(s):

Yanzheng Yang ◽

Le Kang ◽

Jun Zhao ◽

Ning Qi ◽

Ruonan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Mass ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Adaptation Strategies ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

Moisture Index ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Plant Adaptation ◽

Aridity Gradient ◽

Leaf Trait ◽

Leaf Economic Spectrum

A trait-based approach is an effective way to quantify plant adaptation strategies in response to changing environments. Single trait variations have been well depicted before; however, multi-trait covariations and their roles in shaping plant adaptation strategies along aridity gradients remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to reveal multi-trait covariation characteristics, their controls and their relevance to plant adaptation strategies. Using eight relevant plant functional traits and multivariate statistical approaches, we found the following: (1) the eight studied traits show evident covariation characteristics and could be grouped into four functional dimensions linked to plant strategies, namely energy balance, resource acquisition, resource investment and water use efficiency; (2) leaf area (LA) together with traits related to the leaf economic spectrum, including leaf nitrogen content per area (Narea), leaf nitrogen per mass (Nmass) and leaf dry mass per area (LMA), covaried along the aridity gradient (represented by the moisture index, MI) and dominated the trait–environmental change axis; (3) together, climate, soil and family can explain 50.4% of trait covariations; thus, vegetation succession along the aridity gradient cannot be neglected in trait covariations. Our findings provide novel perspectives toward a better understanding of plant adaptations to arid conditions and serve as a reference for vegetation restoration and management programs in arid regions.

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DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO NA PRODUÇÃO DE RABANETE FERTIRRIGADO E DETERMINAÇÃO DE CLOROFILA POR MEDIDOR PORTÁTIL NAS FOLHAS

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2010v15n4p353 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 353-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bárbara Rodrigues de Quadros ◽

Edvar De Sousa da Silva ◽

Luciana Da Silva Borges ◽

Claudia De Araújo Moreira ◽

Adriana Lima Moro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Transverse Diameter ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

Radish Plant ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Green Index ◽

Leaf N

A determinação do teor relativo de clorofila por meio do clorofilômetro é utilizada para predizer a necessidade de adubação nitrogenada visando incrementar a produção em várias culturas. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a resposta de doses de nitrogênio adicionadas ao solo via fertirrigação na produção de rabanete e a relação de clorofila com o teor de nitrogênio foliar da cultivar Redondo Vermelho. O delineamento experimental foram blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (0; 30; 60; 120; 240 kg N ha-1) , cinco repetições, com dois vasos por parcela contendo quatro plantas em cada vaso, sendo duas úteis. Foram avaliados o diâmetro transversal da raiz, área foliar, índice de cor verde, teor de N foliar, a produção da parte aérea; número de raízes comerciais e não comerciais; massa de raízes total e comercial. As doses de N não interferiram na produção do rabanete e as leituras efetuadas com medidor portátil de clorofila não são muito precisas na verificação do nível de N no desenvolvimento da planta de rabanete. UNITERMOS: Raphanus sativus, adubação nitrogenada, clorofilômetro. QUADROS, B.R.; SILVA, E.S.; BORGES, L.S.; MOREIRA, C.A.; MORO, A.L.; VILLAS BÔAS, R.L. NITROGEN LEVELS ON FERTIGATED RADISH PRODUCTION AND CHLOROPHYLL DETERMINATION BY LEAVES PORTABLE METER 2 ABSTRACT The relative chlorophyll determination is used to predict the need for nitrogen fertilization aiming to increase production in various cultures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil nitrogen dose response added to the soil via fertigation in radish production and the relation between chlorophyll and cultivar Redondo Vermelho leaf nitrogen content. Transverse diameter of root, leaf area, green index, leaf N contents, shoots (stem) production, number of commercial and noncommercial roots, and the total commercial mass roots were evaluated. The N doses didn’t interfere in the radish production and the readings taken with portable chlorophyll meter are not very accurate in ascertaining the level of N on radish plant growth. Keywords: Raphanus sativus, nitrogen fertilization, chlorophyll.

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Response of leaf traits of common plants in alpine meadow to plateau pika disturbance

The Rangeland Journal ◽

10.1071/rj17089 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 39 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiao Pan Pang ◽

Zheng Gang Guo

Keyword(s):

Alpine Meadow ◽

Leaf Traits ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

Plateau Pika ◽

Alpine Meadows ◽

Disturbance Intensity ◽

Leaf Dry Mass ◽

Kobresia Pygmaea

Leaf traits have been proven to reflect the adaptation of individual plants to disturbance environments in a grassland ecosystem. A field survey was conducted to investigate the effects of the disturbance intensity of plateau pika on the leaf traits of a dominant (Kobresia pygmaea) and two common plants (Elymus nutans and Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore) in an alpine meadow. This study indicated that the plateau pika disturbance enables the individuals of three plants to exhibit respective plasticity because the three plants had different leaf indices (LI) as the disturbance intensity increased. K. pygmaea, E. nutans and A. rivularis var. flore-minore had high specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry mass content (LDMC), and leaf nitrogen content (LNC) at relatively low, moderate, and high disturbance intensities of plateau pika, respectively. K. pygmaea, E. nutans and A. rivularis var. flore-minore suffered low nutrient stress at low, moderate and high disturbance intensities due to high N : P at corresponding disturbance intensities. These results indicated that K. pygmaea, E. nutans and A. rivularis var. flore-minore grew well at relatively low, moderate, and high disturbance intensity conditions, respectively, which contributed to the improvement of alpine meadows with a higher proportion of E. nutans at a moderate disturbance intensity or the deterioration of alpine meadows with a higher proportion of A. rivularis var. flore-minore at a high disturbance intensity. Our findings suggest that leaf traits are effective tools to explain how small burrowing herbivore disturbances often lead to the improvement or deterioration of alpine meadows under different disturbance intensities.

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The effect of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and nitrogen fertilisation on biomass production, morphology, chemical composition and weed infestation of willow (Salix viminalis L.)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-230626/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Waldemar Helios

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

White Clover ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Weight Yield ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Trifolium Repens L

Abstract The study was aimed at determining the effect of nitrogen fertilization and white clover on biomass yield weed infestation, morphology, and chemical composition of willow. A field experiment was established in 2013 at Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life sciences (Poland). The results showed that the number and dry mass of weeds per 1m 2 , the number of willow shoots and the fresh weight yield of willow were smaller where clover was sown. The plants were found to be higher after applying nitrogen fertilization. The dry mass yield and shoot diameter did not depend on the cultivation method. Nitrogen fertilization increased the content of ash, and in undersowing cultivation the willow stems had higher nitrogen content than in monoculture. On average, the phloem had 5.6 times higher crude ash content and 4.6 times higher nitrogen content than wood. The ratio of wood dry mass to phloem dry mass in undersowing cultivation and nitrogen fertilization was 3.97:1, and 3.91:1 for the control. On the basis of the conducted research, it can be concluded that in the first years after planting the undersowing growing of willow with white clover can be an alternative to plantations fertilized and non-fertilized with nitrogen.

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Corn yield, forage production and quality affected by methods of intercropping corn and Panicum maximum

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2017000300004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 170-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rodrigo Estevam Munhoz de Almeida ◽

Caio Macret Gomes ◽

Bruno Cocco Lago ◽

Silas Maciel de Oliveira ◽

Clovis Pierozan Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

Forage Production ◽

Ear Height ◽

Corn Plants ◽

Tiller Density

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate methods of intercropping corn and Panicum spp. forages and their effects on corn yield and forage development. Two experiments with Panicum spp. were conducted, one with 'Tanzania' and other with 'Massai' in the municipality of Piracicaba, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in the 2012/2013 growing season. In both experiments, the treatments were: broadcast seeding of Panicum spp. at the same time of corn sowing; corn with Panicum spp. between rows; Panicum spp. sown with fertilizer; Panicum spp. sown between corn rows after corn establishment; broadcast seeding of Panicum spp. after corn establishment; and sole corn sowing. For corn, leaf nitrogen content, ear height, and grain yield were evaluated. For Panicum spp. cultivars, height, dry mass, tiller density, and leaf:stem ratio were evaluated. The intercropping establishment methods used do not affect corn growth, grain yield, and N leaf content. The seeding of both cultivars of Panicum spp. when corn plants had four expanded leaves reduces forage dry mass production and increases the leaf:stem ratio. The Panicum spp. broadcast method, performed after corn was established, does not allow appropriate establishment, with few plants in the area.

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Substrates with organic residues in Fritillaria cirrhosa seedlings for bulbus production

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n3p1079 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 1079

Author(s):

Ye Hu ◽

Xuan Liu ◽

Meng Ye

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

Organic Residues ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Forestry Residues ◽

Fritillaria Cirrhosa

China is abundant in organic residues from agricultural and forestry efforts. Bulbus Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (BFC) is a precious wild herb of Liliaceae that grows in the Tibetan area of China and the bulbs are used as a source of medicine. The shortage of germplasm resources restricts the development of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, so improved cultivation methods are urgently needed. The objective of this study was to study the effects of different substrates on the growth of F. cirrhosa seedlings. Sawdust and vermi-compost are common organic residues and were selected as nursery materials to supplement efforts to cultivate Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don from ripe seeds and bulbs. The experiments were conducted in a plastic greenhouse in Ya’an of Sichuan Province from January to May 2013. Vegetative parameters of leaf length, leaf width, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, and bulb size and fresh weight were measured. Additionally, the emergence ratio and preservation rate were calculated. The following results were obtained: (1) Sowing seeds of F. cirrhosa with 70% vermi-compost and 30% sawdust gave the best emergence rate, leaf length (60 days after seedling emergence, 60 DAS), and bulb dry weight (at harvest, 93 DAS). (2) The leaf nitrogen content (60 DAS) was positively correlated with the nitrogen content of bulbs (at harvest, 93 DAS). From the data, we concluded that forestry residues such as sawdust and vermi-compost can serve as excellent growing substrates of BFC seedlings.

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Effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on agronomic traits of sweet corn1

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632015v4533628 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 282-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Epitácio José de Souza ◽

Fernando França da Cunha ◽

Fernando Fagner Magalhães ◽

Thiago Ramos da Silva ◽

Osvaldir Feliciano dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Management Practices ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Autumn And Winter ◽

Irrigation Levels ◽

Positive Results

ABSTRACTIrrigation and nitrogen fertilization are management practices that have positive results for the corn crop. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation on agronomic traits of sweet corn. Two experiments were carried out in two crop seasons (winter/spring and summer/autumn), in a split-plot design, with the main plots consisting of four irrigation levels (50 %, 75 %, 100 % and 125 % of the crop evapotranspiration - ETc) and subplots consisting of four nitrogen doses (0 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1and 300 kg ha-1), applied at the V3 and V8 stages, via urea, in a randomized blocks design experiment, with four replications. Leaf nitrogen content, root depth, plant height, stem diameter, ear yield and water use efficiency were evaluated. In the winter/spring season, nitrogen fertilization did not affect yield, while in the summer/autumn season the dose that maximized yield was 300 kg ha-1. Sweet corn showed better results when irrigated with replacements of 50 % and 125 % of ETc, respectively in the summer/autumn and winter/ spring seasons.

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Nitrogen fertilization management in white oat using spectral indices

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632020v5064924 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

Author(s):

José de Arruda Barbosa ◽

Rogério Teixeira de Faria ◽

Anderson Prates Coelho ◽

Alexandre Barcellos Dalri ◽

Luiz Fabiano Palaretti

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

New Technology ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

Spectral Indices ◽

Remote Sensing Techniques ◽

Nitrogen Rates

ABSTRACT Remote sensing techniques have been considered a new technology in worldwide agriculture for diagnosing the plant nutritional demand. Fertilizer management efficiency is a goal to be achieved, and modern tools based on remote sensing are promising for monitoring the crop needs. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance and relative economic return of white oat under nitrogen rates, as well as to verify whether the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and leaf chlorophyll index (LCI) could be used for topdressing nitrogen fertilization management, in white oat. Treatments consisted of five topdressing nitrogen fertilization strategies: T1 - 160 kg ha-1 (reference rate); T2 - 90 kg ha-1 (recommended rate); T3 - 60 kg ha-1 (economic rate); T4 - 30 kg ha-1 (when NDVI < 90 % of T1); and T5 - 30 kg ha-1 (when LCI < 90 % of T1). The white oat did not respond to the topdressing nitrogen fertilization. Its temporal monitoring using spectral indices allowed dispensing the topdressing nitrogen fertilization without reducing the grain and biomass yields and the leaf nitrogen content, when compared to the recommended management (90 kg ha-1 of N as topdressing), with no differences between the evaluated spectral indices. Thus, both the NDVI and LCI spectral indices are promising tools for the topdressing nitrogen fertilization management in the white oat crop.

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Influence of Planting Stock Clove Size, Nitrogen Rate, and Planting Method on Elephant Garlic Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.517f ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 517f-518

Author(s):

Jeanine M. Davis

Keyword(s):

Survival Rates ◽

Ground Level ◽

Winter Survival ◽

Nitrogen Rate ◽

Planting Stock ◽

Mild Winter ◽

Allium Ampeloprasum ◽

Planting Methods ◽

Planting Method ◽

Nitrogen Rates

To produce large elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.) bulbs in the southeastern United States, stock cloves must be planted in the fall. During extremely cold winters, however, winter survival rates can be very low. A 2-year study was undertaken to examine practices to increase winter survival rates. Two clove sizes (≤20 g or >20 g), three nitrogen rates (112, 224, and 336 kg/ha), and three planting methods (flat, mulched, and hilled) were tested in a RCB design with four replications. For all planting methods, cloves were set in a shallow trench and covered with soil to ground level. This was also the flat treatment. For the mulched treatment, 7 cm of straw was spread on top. For the hilled treatment, soil was mounded 10 to 15 cm high over the ground level. Cloves were planted in early October and harvested in mid-June. Use of large planting stock cloves increased winter survival rates during the harsh winter, but had no effect during the mild winter. Both years, winter survival was reduced with the flat treatment. Yields of marketable bulbs were 4 to 5 times higher when >20 g cloves were planted than when ≤20 g cloves were used. Nitrogen rate and planting method had no effect on yields. The >20 g cloves also produced larger bulbs than the smaller cloves. Of the three planting methods, the flat treatment produced the smallest bulbs. Bulbs were much larger following the mild winter than the harsh winter.

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Estimating the Leaf Nitrogen Content with a New Feature Extracted from the Ultra-High Spectral and Spatial Resolution Images in Wheat

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13040739 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 739

Author(s):

Jiale Jiang ◽

Jie Zhu ◽

Xue Wang ◽

Tao Cheng ◽

Yongchao Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Precision Agriculture ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Mean Squared Error ◽

Growing Season ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Textural Analysis ◽

Hyperspectral Images ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

New Feature

Real-time and accurate monitoring of nitrogen content in crops is crucial for precision agriculture. Proximal sensing is the most common technique for monitoring crop traits, but it is often influenced by soil background and shadow effects. However, few studies have investigated the classification of different components of crop canopy, and the performance of spectral and textural indices from different components on estimating leaf nitrogen content (LNC) of wheat remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate a new feature extracted from near-ground hyperspectral imaging data to estimate precisely the LNC of wheat. In field experiments conducted over two years, we collected hyperspectral images at different rates of nitrogen and planting densities for several varieties of wheat throughout the growing season. We used traditional methods of classification (one unsupervised and one supervised method), spectral analysis (SA), textural analysis (TA), and integrated spectral and textural analysis (S-TA) to classify the images obtained as those of soil, panicles, sunlit leaves (SL), and shadowed leaves (SHL). The results show that the S-TA can provide a reasonable compromise between accuracy and efficiency (overall accuracy = 97.8%, Kappa coefficient = 0.971, and run time = 14 min), so the comparative results from S-TA were used to generate four target objects: the whole image (WI), all leaves (AL), SL, and SHL. Then, those objects were used to determine the relationships between the LNC and three types of indices: spectral indices (SIs), textural indices (TIs), and spectral and textural indices (STIs). All AL-derived indices achieved more stable relationships with the LNC than the WI-, SL-, and SHL-derived indices, and the AL-derived STI was the best index for estimating the LNC in terms of both calibration (Rc2 = 0.78, relative root mean-squared error (RRMSEc) = 13.5%) and validation (Rv2 = 0.83, RRMSEv = 10.9%). It suggests that extracting the spectral and textural features of all leaves from near-ground hyperspectral images can precisely estimate the LNC of wheat throughout the growing season. The workflow is promising for the LNC estimation of other crops and could be helpful for precision agriculture.

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