scholarly journals Prevalence of Short Stature and Malnutrition among Egyptian Primary School Children and their Coexistence with Anemia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. El Shafie ◽  
Zeinab A. Kasemy ◽  
Zein A. omar ◽  
Safa H. Alkalash ◽  
Amal A. salama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Preventable Risk Factor ◽  
Egyptian Children

Abstract Background: Under nutrition and overweight typically occur during nutritional transition periods in developing countries including Egypt. Short stature and anemia are public health concern due to its strong link with malnutrition which is a preventable risk factor. Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, underweight and short stature and its concurrence with anemia, also to determine the etiological profile of short stature among primary school children in Egypt.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 33150 Egyptian children aged 6-11 years old from January 2018 to January 2020, allocated in 59 primary schools from diverse geographical districts in Egypt. Complete anthropometric measurements were conducted and applied according to WHO growth charts. Hemoglobin level was measured. Systematic approach to detect the etiology of short stature was applied randomly to a sample of 380 stunted children.Results: The prevalence of underweight was 8.2 %, while obesity and overweight represented 21.8% (9.6% and 12.2% respectively). Overall short stature constituted 17%. The main etiologies of short stature were familial (40.8%) and constitutional (24.2%). Anemia was diagnosed in 26% of children; while concurrent anemia and stunting was reported in 9.9%. Regarding anemia and anemia with stunting were more common among girls (30.0 % (OR=1.50, CI95%: 1.43-1.58) and 11.4% (OR=1.39, CI95%:1.29-1.49) respectively), who were living in rural areas (33.4% (OR=1.96, CI 95%:1.87-2.06) &12.7% (OR= 1.72, CI 95%:1.60-1.85)) and those who had low socioeconomic status )34.6% (OR= 2.54, CI 95%:2.29-2.82) & 17.2% (OR= 3.32, CI 95%:2.85-3.88() respectively. Anemia with stunting was significantly higher among children aged ≥9 years old representing 12% (OR= 1.40, CI 95%:1.30-1.51). Conclusion: Prevalence of short stature, obesity and anemia was high among primary school children in Egypt with a strong concurrence between anemia and stunting. Intensive parental health education and in-depth nutritional assessment are required.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Short Stature and Malnutrition among Egyptian Primary School Children and their Coexistence with Anemia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. El Shafie ◽  
Zeinab A. Kasemy ◽  
Zein A. omar ◽  
Safa H. Alkalash ◽  
Amal A. salama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Preventable Risk Factor ◽  
Egyptian Children

Abstract Background: Under nutrition and overweight typically occur during nutritional transition periods in developing countries including Egypt. Short stature and anemia are public health concern due to its strong link with malnutrition which is a preventable risk factor. Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, underweight and short stature and its concurrence with anemia, also to determine the etiological profile of short stature among primary school children in Egypt.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 33150 Egyptian children aged 6-11 years old from January 2018 to January 2020, allocated in 59 primary schools from diverse geographical districts in Egypt. Complete anthropometric measurements were conducted and applied according to WHO growth charts. Hemoglobin level was measured. Systematic approach to detect the etiology of short stature was applied randomly to a sample of 380 stunted children.Results: The prevalence of underweight was 8.2 %, while obesity and overweight represented 21.8% (9.6% and 12.2% respectively). Overall short stature constituted 17%. The main etiologies of short stature were familial (40.8%) and constitutional (24.2%). Anemia was diagnosed in 26% of children; while concurrent anemia and stunting was reported in 9.9%. Regarding anemia and anemia with stunting were more common among girls (30.0 % (OR=1.50, CI95%: 1.43-1.58) and 11.4% (OR=1.39, CI95%:1.29-1.49) respectively), who were living in rural areas (33.4% (OR=1.96, CI 95%:1.87-2.06) &12.7% (OR= 1.72, CI 95%:1.60-1.85)) and those who had low socioeconomic status )34.6% (OR= 2.54, CI 95%:2.29-2.82) & 17.2% (OR= 3.32, CI 95%:2.85-3.88() respectively. Anemia with stunting was significantly higher among children aged ≥9 years old representing 12% (OR= 1.40, CI 95%:1.30-1.51). Conclusion: Prevalence of short stature, obesity and anemia was high among primary school children in Egypt with a strong concurrence between anemia and stunting. Intensive parental health education and in-depth nutritional assessment are required.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Short Stature and Malnutrition among Egyptian Primary School Children and their Coexistence with Anemia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. El Shafie ◽  
Zeinab A. Kasemy ◽  
Zein A. omar ◽  
Safa H. Alkalash ◽  
Amal A. salama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Preventable Risk Factor ◽  
Egyptian Children

Abstract Background Under nutrition and overweight typically occur during nutritional transition periods in developing countries including Egypt. Short stature and anemia are public health concern due to its strong link with malnutrition which is a preventable risk factor. Objectives to estimate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, underweight and short stature and its concurrence with anemia, also to determine the etiological profile of short stature among primary school children in Egypt. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on 33150 Egyptian children aged 6–11 years old from January 2018 to January 2020, allocated in 59 primary schools from diverse geographical districts in Egypt. Complete anthropometric measurements were conducted and applied according to WHO growth charts. Hemoglobin level was measured. Systematic approach to detect the etiology of short stature was applied randomly to a sample of 380 stunted children. Results The prevalence of underweight was 8.2%, while obesity and overweight represented 21.8% (9.6% and 12.2% respectively). Overall short stature constituted 17%. The main etiologies of short stature were familial (40.8%) and constitutional (24.2%). Anemia was diagnosed in 26% of children; while concurrent anemia and stunting was reported in 9.9%. Regarding anemia and anemia with stunting were more common among girls (30.0% (OR = 1.50, CI95%: 1.43–1.58) and 11.4% (OR = 1.39, CI95%:1.29–1.49) respectively), who were living in rural areas (33.4% (OR = 1.96, CI 95%:1.87–2.06) &12.7% (OR = 1.72, CI 95%:1.60–1.85)) and those who had low socioeconomic status )34.6% (OR = 2.54, CI 95%:2.29–2.82) & 40.4% (OR = 18.46, CI 95%:15.40-22.12() respectively. Anemia with stunting was significantly higher among children aged ≥ 9 years old representing 12% (OR = 1.40, CI 95%:1.30–1.51). Conclusion Prevalence of short stature, obesity and anemia was high among primary school children in Egypt with a strong concurrence between anemia and stunting. Intensive parental health education and in-depth nutritional assessment are required.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Status among 6–9-Year-Old School Children in Rural Areas in Hai Phong City, Vietnam

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngan Hoang ◽  
Liliana Orellana ◽  
Tuyen Le ◽  
Rosalind Gibson ◽  
Anthony Worsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Childhood Undernutrition

A double burden of malnutrition in Vietnamese children has emerged as a key challenge: childhood undernutrition remains a public health concern while childhood overweight/obesity has gradually increased. This study aimed to (1) estimate the prevalence of undernutrition and overnutrition among 6–9-year-old primary school children in rural areas of Vietnam, and (2) identify sociodemographic factors associated with undernutrition and overnutrition in this population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in October 2016 in 2334 children from eight primary schools in rural areas in Hai Phong City, Vietnam. Anthropometric and demographic data were collected. The prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting, and anthropometric failure was 8.0%, 5.1%, 5.3%, and 11.9%, respectively. Up to 22.1% of children were affected by overweight/obesity, and 31.0% by abdominal overweight/obesity. Low maternal education was associated with higher odds of underweight and anthropometric failure, whereas overweight/obesity or abdominal overweight/obesity were more likely in boys and children of mothers with a high education level. This study provides evidence for a double burden of diseases among primary school children in rural areas in Hai Phong City. Future interventions for the prevention and control of childhood undernutrition and overweight/obesity should take into account child sex and maternal education level.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE FARM FAMILIES WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-563
Author(s):  
Hussain Sardar ◽  
Rana Muhammad Amir ◽  
Ayesha Khurshid ◽  
Hafiz Ali Raza ◽  
Adeela Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Purpose of the study: The main purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of farm families with a special focus on primary school children in Punjab. Methodology: This study was conducted in tehsil Jaranwala, Faisalabad. Five villages and two primary schools were selected from each village randomly. From these schools, 323 children whose fathers were farmers were selected as samples. A cross-sectional research design was used for the present study. In this context, an interview schedule was prepared and face-to-face interviews were administered to collect the required data. Main Findings: The chi-square analysis confirmed that education, and income of parents associated factors had a statistically significant (P<0.05) and positive correlation with BMI. Descriptive statistics indicated poverty was ranked 1st among reasons for malnutrition followed by inappropriate dietary choices and unavailability of healthy foods with mean values of 4.25 and 4.11, respectively. Whereas, children don't want to come to school due to poor health" was ranked 1st in all effects of poor health with a mean value of 4.50. Applications of the study: This study has highlighted the importance of the nutritional status of primary school-going children and also investigates the different factors that inverse impact on their health. This study will be proved helpful among farm families by creating awareness about the nutrition of children. Based on the findings of this study, the urge to the government to take steps to improve the literacy level and build strategies to improve the awareness level of mothers about the nutrition of children, especially in rural areas.  The novelty of the Study: This is the first study that investigates the assessment of the nutritional status of school-going children of farm families in Punjab, Pakistan especially in tehsil Jaranwala, Faisalabad.

scholarly journals Anaemia and Its Relation to Demographic, Socio-economic and Anthropometric Factors in Rural Primary School Children in Hai Phong City, Vietnam

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang ◽  
Orellana ◽  
Le ◽  
Gibson ◽  
Worsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Microcytic Anaemia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normocytic Anaemia

Little is known about the prevalence of anaemia and associated factors in school children in Vietnam. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of anaemia and its subtypes, and the associations of types of anaemia with demographic, socio-economic and anthropometric factors among 6–9-year-old primary school children in rural areas of Hai Phong City, Vietnam. Haemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were measured, and demographic, socio-economic and anthropometric data were collected in 893 children from eight primary schools. The prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 115 g/L) was 12.9% (95% CI: 8.1%, 19.9%), microcytic anaemia (Hb < 115 g/L and MCV < 80 fL) was 7.9% (95% CI: 5.3%, 11.6%) and normocytic anaemia (Hb < 115 g/L and MCV 80–90 fL) was 5.3% (95% CI: 2.9%, 9.5%). No child presented with macrocytic anaemia (Hb < 115 g/L and MCV > 90 fL). Children who were underweight, wasted, or in anthropometric failure (either underweight, stunted or wasted) were more likely to be anaemic (all p ≤ 0.004), and specifically, to have normocytic anaemia (all p ≤ 0.006), than those who were not underweight, wasted or in anthropometric failure. Stunted children were more likely to be anaemic (p = 0.018) than those who were not stunted. Overweight/obese children were less likely to be anaemic (p = 0.026) or have normocytic anaemia (p = 0.038) compared with children who were not overweight/obese. No anthropometric status indicator was associated with the risk of microcytic anaemia. No demographic or socio-economic factor was associated with any type of anaemia. Anaemia remains a public health issue in rural areas in Hai Phong City, Vietnam, and future approaches for its prevention and control should target undernourished primary school children.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bullying victimisation among primary school children in South Africa: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donnay Manuel ◽  
Sabirah Adams ◽  
Mulalo Mpilo ◽  
Shazly Savahl
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
North West ◽  
Bullying Victimisation

Abstract Objectives Bullying victimisation (BV) among children in South Africa has been identified as a major public health concern. While several studies report on the prevalence rates of BV, there is currently a dearth of research that reports on the prevalence of BV among a national sample of primary school children. This study determines the prevalence rates of BV among a nationally representative sample of school-going children in South Africa across provinces, age, and gender. The sample comprised 7067 children (boys = 45.6%; girls = 54.4%) between the ages of 10–12-years attending 61 primary schools across the nine provincial regions of South Africa. Results In terms of ‘being hit’ by other children, percentages range from 22.55% (North West) to 33.34% (Free State). Children in Gauteng (33.59%) and Limpopo (38.54%) had the highest percentage of children being ‘left out’ or excluded. Additionally, across all provinces more than 30% of children reported that they had been ‘called unkind names’. Across gender, boys are more likely to experience all three forms of BV (being hit, left out, and called unkind names). The findings further indicate that 10-year-olds reported being ‘hit’ and ‘left out’, whereas a greater percentage of 12-year-olds reported ‘being called unkind names’ (44.28%).

scholarly journals Community-based nutrition-sensitive approach to address short-term hunger and undernutrition among primary school children in rural areas in a developing country setting: lessons from North and North-Eastern Uganda

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Elolu ◽  
Duncan Ongeng
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Nutrition Sensitive

Abstract Background Undernutrition in childhood is an important factor that greatly impedes the achievement of full human potential at adulthood. Despite increased enrolment of pupils in primary schools in developing countries, short-term hunger and undernutrition continue to impact negatively on school attendance, retention and education outcomes in economically disadvantaged rural areas. This study examined the feasibility of a community-based participatory action research approach building capacity of rural women food vendors to use local food resources to produce nutritionally enhanced food products for primary school feeding in rural localities in a developing country setting. Methods Mixed methods approach incorporating focus group discussions (FGDs) to evaluate parents’ and school administrators’ perceptions of the community-based approach, participatory experimental improvement of nutritional quality of an energy-based cassava product (gari) involving community women food vendors, and cross-sectional acceptability assessment of improved products among rural primary school children. Qualitative content analysis, one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis was used to analyse FGD data, compare nutritional profile and consumer sensory profile of different products, and examine associations between sensory attributes and acceptability of the products, respectively. Results The approach of using local food resources to produce nutritious products targeting school feeding was strongly recognised by parents, school administrators, teachers and small scale rural women food vendors as an adoptable nutrition-sensitive means of addressing short-term hunger among primary school children in rural settings. The action research resulted in a highly accepted nutritionally enhanced product (consisting of cassava, soy and silver fish) exhibiting superior nutritional properties (23.29% protein, 90.5 g/100 g calcium, 4.5 g/100 g zinc, 11.6 g/100 g iron, 40.40 g/100 g phosphorus, 61.57 μg/100 g vitamin A) compared to the original energy-dominated cassava product (2.18% Protein, 55.6 g/100 g calcium, 1.2 g/100 g zinc, 4.4 g/100 g iron, 6.6 g/100 g phosphorus, 11.23 μg/100 g vitamin A) (p < 0.05). Nutritional computation revealed that serving 120 g of the new product would suffice to meet 30% of the recommended dietary allowance for essential nutrients that children should receive from school meals. Conclusion Community-level nutrition-sensitive innovation using local foods resources offers the opportunity for rural women food vendors to contribute to addressing short-term hunger and undernutrition challenges in primary schools in economically-disadvantaged localities in developing countries.

scholarly journals Validation of self-reported physical activity by accelerometry in Tanzanian primary school children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Vincent Mosha ◽  
Elizabeth Kasagama ◽  
Philip Ayieko ◽  
Jim Todd ◽  
Sia Msuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Reports

Abstract Background: Insufficient physical activity is a serious public health concern. Assessing physical activity accurately in children remains a challenge and valid tools for its assessment in African children are needed. This study compares self-reports versus accelerometry-captured physical activity.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 51 primary school children aged 9 – 11 years from four primary schools in Kilimanjaro region were enrolled. Children were asked to complete a self-reported questionnaire on physical activity and wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Accelerometry was used as a reference method to assess for child reporting accuracy.Results: Spearman correlation between self-reports and accelerometry was moderate (r=0.41, p=0.002). Children who reported walking to school had higher moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for both accelerometry and self- reports compared to their counterparts (p < 0.001). Intra-class correlation (ICC) showed that 32% of the variations in accelerometry weekly total MVPA was contributed by the differences in activities between children.Conclusions: Objective measures of physical activity such as accelerometers can be used to accurately measure physical activity in children where feasible. Self-reports have limited validity, and therefore more research is needed to develop better self-reported measures with specific activities which can easily be recalled by children.

scholarly journals Prevalence of impaired vision and associated factors among primary school children in primary schools of Addis Ababa, central Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemisrach Hailu ◽  
Desta Hiko ◽  
Tamrat Shaweno
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Impaired Vision ◽  
Screening Programs

Abstract Background Visual impairment refers to reduction of vision resulting in a lower than normal visual acuity. Globally, approximately 1.3 billion adults and children live with some form of vision impairment. Visual impairment is usually asymptomatic, overlooked and affects school performance and other functions. School programs are recommended for early detection and timely interventions. In resource limited countries like Ethiopia, undetected visual impairment, lack of adequate and up-to-date information on the problem remain as huge gaps. Thus, we assessed the prevalence of visual impairment (VI), and the associated factors among children attending government primary schools of Lideta sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods This study was a s chool based cross-sectional study conducted from April to May 2019, using a two staged-cluster sampling method in Lideta sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. From the total of 18 government primary schools in Lideta sub-city, 6 were selected using probability proportionate to size (PPS) method. The study population was primary school children aged 7 to 17 in the selected 6 primary schools. A total of 816 primary school children were included in the study. The selected children have undergone screening for the presence of visual impairment and other eye problems. Children’s parents/guardians were interviewed using structured pre-tested questionnaires. Epi-data3.1 and SPSS version 20 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Binary logistic regression was performed to check association between dependent and independent variables. Significance was set at p-value <0.05.Results A total of 773 children were examined for visual impairment. Out of the 773 children, 370 (47.9%) were males and 403(52.1) were females with age range 7 to 17 years and the mean age being 11.69 (SD 2.64). The prevalence of impaired vision among school based children was 4.4%. The causes of visual impairment included: Myopia (43%), Astigmatism with or without Amblyopia (31%), Hyperopia with or without Amblyopia (20%) and others. The students not being aware of eye problem (AOR=2.2, 95%CI: 1.08-4.35) was only significantly associated factor with visual impairment.Conclusion Visual impairment is a public health concern, the causes are treatable. Regular school screening programs and affordable treatment should be available.

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