Middle-aged Lebanese women interpretation of sexual difficulties: A qualitative inquiry
Abstract Background : The study explores women’s perception and experience of sexual difficulties and how they are shaped by the male-centred sexual interactions and social norms. The study is part of a work programme guided by a qualitative research design to provide a comprehensive understanding of women’s sexuality. The need to address the subject was triggered by the high prevalence of female sexual problems that are defined based on the standards of sexual function and dysfunction. The multidimensional nature of these problems could not be limited to one single definition. Yet, there is a scarcity of research that reflects on women’s subjective views on sexual difficulties. This is particularly crucial at the middle-age where women undergo hormonal and psychosocial changes that may affect their sexual life. Methods : Using in-depth individual and focus groups interviews, 52 Lebanese women aged 40-55 years discussed their thoughts, feelings and behaviours concerning sexual difficulties. In respect to ethical principles, women were recruited purposefully from clinical and non-clinical settings to get maximum sampling variation that provided rich information and deep understanding of the subject. Recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed in reference to the framework analysis. Many strategies were adopted to ensure rigour. Results : Women’s narratives led to four themes that provided a comprehensive understanding of sexual difficulties. These are women’s inability to communicate sexual desires and concerns; male-related sexual difficulties; marital conflicts; and sexual difficulties as context bound. Women’s sexual difficulties are driven by double standards and inhibiting sexual socialization in addition to relational and psychosocial burdens. Conclusion : The study makes a unique contribution in voicing women’s views and concerns as sexuality is underreported and poorly researched in Lebanon. It shed light on many aspects of female sexual difficulties that are multifaceted and contextually bound. Findings have implications on education, clinical practice and research. It is particularly important to provide Lebanese women with a culturally sensitive professional assistance, empower them to recognise their sexual-self and get their needs met. More qualitative research about women’s sexual difficulties is warranted to enrich the body of knowledge and promote women’s sexual health and overall wellbeing.