scholarly journals Immunogold-labelling localization of chlorophyllase at different developmental stages of Pachira macrocarpa leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzan-Chain Lee ◽  
Kuan-Hung Lin ◽  
Chang-Chang Chen ◽  
Tin-Han Shih ◽  
Meng-Yuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Thylakoid Membrane ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Immunogold Labelling ◽  
Transmission Electron

Abstract Background: Chlorophyllases (Chlases) are housekeeping proteins in plant cells. The dephytylating enzymes can catalyze chlorophyll (Chl) to form chlorophyllide, but the distribution of Chlases in plant cells is still an interesting debate. In this study, antibody of PmCLH2 was made and used by immunogold-labelling technique to detect the location of Chlase of Pachira macrocarpa (Pm) leaves at four developmental stages, including young, mature, yellowing, and senesced stages. Results: The transmission electron microscopy results show that Chlases were comprehensively found in portions of chloroplast, such as the inner membrane of the envelope, grana, and the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, cytosol, and vacuoles at young, mature, and yellowing stages of Pm leaves, but not in the cell wall, plasma membrane, mitochondria, and nucleus. Conclusions: PmChlases were mainly detected in vacuoles at the senescent stage, but a few were found in the chloroplasts. A pathway is proposed to explain the birth and death of Chl, Chlase, and chloroplasts in higher plants.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of sporophyte of Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae)

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua Zhu ◽  
Xuecheng Zhang ◽  
KKIU Arunakumara
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Lipid Bodies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cladosiphon Okamuranus

Transmission Electron Microscopy of 35 day old culture of Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida, revealed several chloroplasts and other organelles in each cell of assimilatory filaments. Each chloroplast possesses single pyrenoid and Lipid bodies while in hair cells, there were few chloroplasts clinging to plasma-membrane and many pathholes were seen in the cell wall. Key words: Cladosiphon okamuranus; Brown algae; Ultrastructure; Pathhole DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i2.5143 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(2): 177-180, 2009 (December)  

Plasmodesmata of maize root tips: structure and composition

1994 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. 3351-3361 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Turner ◽  
B. Wells ◽  
K. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Maize Cell ◽  
Protease Treatment ◽  
Membrane Components ◽  
Molecular Components

A procedure is described for obtaining clean maize cell wall preparations that contain embedded plasmodesmata. Negative staining and rotary shadowing have been used with transmission electron microscopy to visualise the plasmodesmata in these isolated walls, and to assess the effects of simple biochemical treatments on plasmodesmal components. Light protease treatment removes material from the exposed ends of plasmodesmata but does not extract the plasmodesmal core, which lies within the cell wall. However, heavy proteolysis occasionally removes the complete plasmodesma, including its enclosing collar structure, from the wall. Extraction with urea has a similar effect. The collar itself appears not to be proteinaceous in composition, although protein may bind it into the wall. Callose is localised in the wall around plasmodesmata, but does not appear to be a constituent of the collar. The membrane components of the plasmodesma (plasma membrane and desmotubule) can be extracted with membrane-solubilising detergents. This treatment releases from the wall a small number of proteins that are regarded as being potentially of plasmodesmal origin. These results show that plasmodesmata from maize can be dissected biochemically and suggest a strategy for the characterisation of individual molecular components.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, anatomy, lignin distribution, and cell wall structure of Malaysian plant waste fibers

BioResources ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. S. Abdul Khalil ◽  
M. Siti Alwani ◽  
A. K. Mohd Omar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Lignin Distribution ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Palm Frond

The chemical composition, anatomical characteristics, lignin distribution, and cell wall structure of oil palm frond (OPF), coconut (COIR), pine-apple leaf (PALF), and banana stem (BS) fibers were analyzed. The chemical composition of fiber was analyzed according to TAPPI Methods. Light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe and determine the cell wall structure and lignin distribution of various agro-waste fibers. The results revealed differences in anatomical characteristics, lignin distributions, and cell wall structure of the different types of fibers investigated. Nevertheless, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs have confirmed that the well wall structure, in each case, could be described in terms of a classical cell wall structure, consisting of primary (P) and secondary (S 1 , S 2 , and S 3 ) layers.

The comparative ultrastructure of spermatozoa from Bothrimonus sturionis Duv. 1842 (Pseudophyllidea), Pseudanthobothrium hanseni Baer, 1956 (Tetraphyllidea), and Monoecocestus americanus Stiles, 1895 (Cyclophyllidea)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. MacKinnon ◽  
Michael D. B. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dense Nucleus ◽  
Comparative Ultrastructure ◽  
Electron Lucent ◽  
Mature Spermatozoa

The mature spermatozoa from Bothrimonus sturionis (Pseudophyllidea), Pseudanthobothrium hanseni (Tetraphyllidea), and Monoecocestus americanus (Cyclophyllidea) were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Transverse sections of the sperm of B. sturionis indicate that the number of sperm axonemes varies from one to eight, with approximately one-third of the sperm containing two axonemes. Likewise, the number of peripheral microtubules lying just within the external plasma membrane varies from 12 to 20. The nucleus is electron lucent and fibrous in appearance. The spermatozoa of B. sturionis show great variation in the material examined and the majority of them are believed to be aberrant. The spermatozoon of P. hanseni contains a single axoneme with the nucleus wrapped in a crescent around it in the anterior region of the sperm. The posterior portion of the spermatozoon is characterized by a helical flange which projects from the main body of the sperm. The spermatozoon of M. americanus is elongate and slender, containing a single axoneme with an electron-dense nucleus coiled around it in the anterior one-third of the sperm. Electron-opaque bodies, which may be glycogen, fill the cytoplasm. The spermatozoa of all three species contain neither an acrosome nor mitochondria. The flagella of all the spermatozoa have a 9 + "1" arrangement of microtubules. The importance of the ultrastructure of spermatozoa in the phylogeny and taxonomy of cestodes is discussed.

Immunolocalization of a proteinase of the sap-staining fungus Ophiostoma piceae using antibodies to proteinase K

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1604-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hoffert ◽  
S. Gharibian ◽  
C. Breuil ◽  
D. L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Immunogold Labelling ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Extracellular Proteinase ◽  
Ophiostoma Piceae ◽  
Transmission Electron

Polyclonal antibodies were raised against proteinase K and were used to immunolocalize the major extracellular proteinase of the sap-staining fungus Ophiostoma piceae (Münch) H. and P. Sydow. Immunodot blotting showed that the IgG antibodies recognized both enzymes but reacted more strongly with proteinase K than with the O. piceae proteinase. Immunogold labelling and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the O. piceae proteinase was localized in the cell walls of O. piceae grown either in liquid media or wood. Key words: Ophiostoma piceae, proteinase, immunogold labelling, transmission electron microscopy, antibody, proteinase K.

Ultrastructure of hyperparasitism of Coniothyrium minitans on sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2483-2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Huang ◽  
E. G. Kokko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Chemical Activity ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Medullary Tissue ◽  
Transmission Electron

Transmission electron microscopy revealed that hyphae of the hyperparasite Coniothyrium minitans invade sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, resulting in the destruction and disintegration of the sclerotium tissues. The dark-pigmented rind tissue is more resistant to invasion by the hyperparasite than the unpigmented cortical and medullary tissues. Evidence from cell wall etching at the penetration site suggests that chemical activity is required for hyphae of C. minitans to penetrate the thick, melanized rind walls. The medullary tissue infected by C. minitans shows signs of plasmolysis, aggregation, and vacuolization of cytoplasm and dissolution of the cell walls. While most of the hyphal cells of C. minitans in the infected sclerotium tissue are normal, some younger hyphal cells in the rind tissue were lysed and devoid of normal contents.

Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) extrusion from pleomorphic cells ofAzotobacter vinelandiiUWD

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (13) ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Page ◽  
Luis D'elia ◽  
Richard Sherburne ◽  
Lori L. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Azotobacter Vinelandii ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polymer Expansion ◽  
Chemical Dehydration ◽  
Pleomorphic Cells

Azotobacter vinelandii UWD cells fill with up to 80% (per dry mass) poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) after 24 h growth in medium containing sugars and fish peptone. However, peptones were not usually added to Azotobacter culture as they induced pleomorphism and compromised cell wall strength. This study examines the morphology of these PHB-producing pleomorphic cells in the transmission electron microscope. PHB-producing cells incubated for 18–24 h were most frequently 2–3 μm diameter spheres containing up to 20 PHB inclusions/cross section, or a calculated ≈ 100 inclusions/cell volume. These inclusions tended to be of small size (≈ 0.5 μm diameter) and became fewer and larger in older cells. The most striking feature of these pleomorphic cells was the apparent extrusion of polymer from the cells. It is unlikely that PHB extrusion is an active process from a viable cell as there was considerable cell wall damage at the point of polymer extrusion. The results suggest that the extrusion of PHB may be the result of polymer expansion, caused by the dehydration of the specimen for transmission electron microscopy, coupled with the inability of the pleomorphic cell wall to retain the expanding polymer. Thus, freeze-substituted sections of similar cells that were prepared without chemical dehydration did not extrude PHB. However, lysed cells prepared for transmission electron microscopy by chemical dehydration also did not extrude PHB, which suggests differences in the fluidity of the PHB in intact cell inclusions and lysed cell granules.Key words: poly(β-hydroxybutyrate), inclusions, polymer expansion, dehydration artifact.

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