The process of spermatogenesis and the structure of the mature spermatozoon of Haplobothrium globuliforme Cooper, 1914 were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Spermatogonia have a low cytoplasmic to nuclear volume ratio, and contain numerous free ribosomes and few mitochondria. Quaternary spermatogonia have a rosette appearance with the eight nuclei surrounding a central cytoplasmic cytophore. Spermatocytes, the largest of the developing sperm cells, contain free ribosomes and several mitochondria with pronounced cristae. No synaptonemal complexes and few endoplasmic reticulum formations were seen. Early spermatids show a regular arrangement of the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria. This regularity is disrupted as spermiogenesis commences, with the formation of the zone of differentiation, a conical indentation of the spermatid cytoplasm. This zone of differentiation is bordered by microtubules. Within the zone develop two interconnected basal bodies with their respective flagellar rootlets. From each basal body arises an axoneme with the 9 + "1" microtubular configuration. The axonomes elongate, eventually fusing with a cytoplasmic extension of the zone of differentiation, and the condensed nucleus migrates into the sperm body. The mature spermatozoon is elongate (30 μm long) and slender, and possesses an electron-dense nucleus, two lateral axonemes, α and β glycogen, and peripheral microtubules. The importance of sperm ultrastructure with respect to phylogeny is discussed.