Limited effect of rehabilitation for preventing a decrease in functional status after community-acquired pneumonia in elderly patients
Abstract Background: Functional status (FS) is often decreased after hospitalization in elderly community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) survivors. Rehabilitation has frequently been used to prevent decreased FS. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation for preventing decreased FS.Methods: This retrospective, observational study was conducted in two medical facilities from January 2016 to December 2018, and hospitalized CAP patients >64 years of age were enrolled. FS was assessed by the Barthel Index (BI) (range, 0–100, in 5-point increments) at admission and before discharge and graded into three categories: independent, BI 80–100; semi-dependent, BI 30–75; and dependent, BI 0–25. Multivariable analysis of factors contributing to decreased FS was conducted with two groups: with a decrease of at least one category (decreased group), or without a decrease of a category (maintained group). Then, the effect of rehabilitation was examined by propensity score analysis by adjusting factors contributing to decreased FS determined in the previous multivariable analysis. Results: The maintained group included 400 patients, and the decreased group included 138 patients. The decreased group had a high frequency of rehabilitation therapy (189 (47.3%) vs 104 (75.4%); p<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that factors affecting FS were length of stay, aspiration pneumonia, age, and Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) of category V (odds ratio 1.05, 95%CI 1.04–1.07; 2.66, 95%CI 1.58–4.49; 1.05, 95%CI 1.02–1.09; and 1.92, 95%CI 1.29-3.44; respectively). After adjusting for factors contributing to decreased FS, rehabilitation showed a limited effect in preventing a decreased FS in 166 matched pairs (p=0.327).Conclusions: The effect of rehabilitation was still unclear in CAP, and further research is warranted to find an effective way to conduct rehabilitation.