scholarly journals Incidence, Serotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Avibacterium Paragallinarum Isolated From Local Commercial Poultry of Balochistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Muhammad ◽  
muhammad kamran Taj ◽  
Imran Taj ◽  
Iqbal Panezai ◽  
Ferhat Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Infectious Coryza ◽  
Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽  
Facial Swelling ◽  
Serotype B ◽  
Tract Disease

Abstract Background Infectious coryza (IC) caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, a Gram negative, non-motile coccobacilli, is a severe upper respiratory tract disease of poultry. This study aimed to report on the isolation rate and serotyping of Avibacterium paragallinarum causing Infectious Coryza (IC) in commercial layer poultry in Balochistan. Results Total 500 samples were collected from IC-suspected or recently dead birds Results revealed that 80.62% of sample were found positive for A. paragallinarum. Of these, serotype B was 59.60% and serotype C was 21.02%. The isolates of A. paragallinarum were growing well at 35–37 oC, however, growth rate was declined at 24 oC, and 42 oC. Similarly, A. paragallinarum showed optimal growth between pH 5 and 9, but the superlative pH growth values were from 6 to 8 pH. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that all tested isolates displayed resistance against metronidazole, colistin sulphate, bacitracin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and lincomycine, while were found susceptible to tetracycline, erythromycin, vancomycin, amoxicillin, and ciprofloxacin. Pathogenicity test performed indicated that experimental birds showed signs of dullness, fever, serous nasal discharge and facial swelling with pus inside infra-orbital sinus, severe congestion in the trachea and partial cloudiness of air sacs. conclusions Overall, we report, for the first time, on high incidence rate of pathogenic A. paragallinarum among layer birds.

scholarly journals A transient increase in MHC-IIlow monocytes after experimental infection with Avibacterium paragallinarum (serovar B-1) in SPF chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Lucía F. Alvarez ◽  
Astrid Poma-Acevedo ◽  
Manolo Fernández-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽  
Facial Swelling

Abstract Infectious coryza (IC), an upper respiratory tract disease affecting chickens, is caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum. The clinical manifestations of IC include nasal discharge, facial swelling, and lacrimation. This acute disease results in high morbidity and low mortality, while the course of the disease is prolonged and mortality rates are increased in cases with secondary infections. Studies regarding the immune response in infected chickens are scarce, and the local immune response is the focal point of investigation. However, a large body of work has demonstrated that severe infections can impact the systemic immune response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the systemic effects of Avibacterium paragallinarum (serovar B-1) infection on immune cells in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. The current study revealed the presence of a transient circulating monocyte population endowed with high phagocytic ability and clear downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) surface expression. In human and mouse studies, this monocyte population (identified as tolerant monocytes) has been correlated with a dysfunctional immune response, increasing the risk of secondary infections and mortality. Consistent with this dysfunctional immune response, we demonstrate that B cells from infected chickens produced fewer antibodies than those from control chickens. Moreover, T cells isolated from the peripheral blood of infected chickens had a lower ability to proliferate in response to concanavalin A than those isolated from control chickens. These findings could be related to the severe clinical signs observed in complicated IC caused by the presence of secondary infections.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from outbreaks of infectious coryza in Dutch commercial poultry flocks, 2008–2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annet Heuvelink ◽  
Jeanine Wiegel ◽  
Corinna Kehrenberg ◽  
Remco Dijkman ◽  
Edgardo Soriano-Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Infectious Coryza ◽  
Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽  
Commercial Poultry

Identification, HPG2 Sequence Analysis, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Avibacterium paragallinarum Isolates Obtained from Outbreaks of Infectious Coryza in Commercial Layers in Sonora State, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Patricia Luna-Castrejón ◽  
Rianne Buter ◽  
Gabriel Iván Pantoja-Nuñez ◽  
Martín Acuña-Yanes ◽  
Karla Ceballos-Valenzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Infectious Coryza ◽  
Avibacterium Paragallinarum

scholarly journals Short Communication: PCR detection of Avibacterium paragallinarum from layers with infectious coryza symptoms in poultry farms of Sleman District, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ima Fauziah ◽  
Widya Asmara ◽  
Agnesia Endang Tri Hastuti Wahyuni ◽  
Rini Widayanti
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Pcr Detection ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Infectious Coryza ◽  
Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract. Fauziah I, Asmara W, Wahyuni AETH, Widayanti R. 2021. Short Communication: PCR detection of Avibacterium paragallinarum from layers with infectious coryza symptoms in poultry farms of Sleman District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4890-4894. Infectious coryza (IC), caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, is a contagious and infectious respiratory tract disease that affects the commercial poultry industry. Molecular techniques, such as species-specific PCR, HPG-2 PCR are mostly used for the detection of  A. paragallinarum. The current research was carried out to isolate A. paragallinarum from the layers of infectious coryza signs in Sleman District, special region of Yogyakarta, followed by PCR confirmation of the identified bacteria. Nine field isolates were observed and determined based on their colony and cell morphology. All isolates were characterized biochemically and confirmed with species-specific HPG-2 PCR for A. paragallinarum. Out of 9 isolates, 6 (66.7%) isolates were biochemically identified as A. paragallinarum and confirmed by HPG-2 PCR.

scholarly journals Investigation of Feline calicivirus infection in cats with upper respiratory tract disease in Diyarbakir, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. e177172
Author(s):  
Nazan Baksi ◽  
Aynur Simsek
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Tract Disease

Feline calicivirus is among the most common pathogenic microorganisms in upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) and oral lesions of cats. It leads to stomatitis, oral ulceration, ocular and nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, fever, lameness, anorexia, hypersalivation, pneumonia, respiratory distress, coughing, and depression in infected cats. This study aimed to determine the role of Feline calicivirus (FCV) in cats with the upper respiratory tract disease in the Diyarbakir region, Turkey, to provide treatment for infected cats and contribute to the disease prophylaxis. The study material consisted of 10 cats (control group) considered to be healthy according to the clinical examination and 20 cats with URTD that were not vaccinated against Feline calicivirus infection of different breeds, ages, and genders brought to Dicle University Veterinary Faculty Prof. Dr. Servet SEKIN Polyclinic with URTD. After routine clinical examinations of the animals, oral and conjunctival swabs and blood samples were taken. Hematological and biochemical analyzes of blood samples were performed. Swab samples were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the diagnosis of the agent. Oral lesions, hypersalivation, ocular and nasal discharge, coughing, and breathing difficulties were seen in clinical examinations of cats with URTD. Feline calicivirus was detected in only one cat’s conjunctival swab sample in PCR analyses. As a result, we found that Feline calicivirus infection was present in cats with URTD in the Diyarbakir region, and 5% positivity was found in cats with clinical symptoms according to PCR analysis.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Infectious Coryza in Chickens (Gallus gallus) by Avibacterium paragallinarumn Isolate of Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ali ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
S Akter ◽  
MAHNA Khan ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Culture Broth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Fatty Change ◽  
Infectious Coryza ◽  
Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

An investigation was conducted to isolate and identify the causal agent of infectious coryza (IC) with pathogenesis study by local isolate of Avibacterium paragallinarum in chicks in Bangladesh. One isolate of A. paragallinarum was used to study the experimental pathogenesis. For this, 14 days old 24 chicks were grouped into two (A and B) and each group contained 12 birds. Chicks of group A were inoculated with 1ml of 2 days old nutrient broth and were kept as control group while group B were inoculated with 1 ml of 2 days old culture broth of A. paragallinarum. To study the pathology, 4 birds from each group were sacrificed on day 3, 5 and 7 of post inoculation. Sacrificed birds of group A did not reveal any clinical sign and lesion. Chicks of group B showed mild nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, depression and inability to move. The gross lesions of the chicks of group B included mucous in nasal passage, conjunctivitis, swelling of sinuses and face and congested lungs. The microscopic lesions of the chicks of this group were acanthosis and congested blood vessels of nasal passage, pneumonic lesion of lung, focal hepatitis of liver and fatty change and lipid nodules in macrophages of heart which were progressively prominent on day 7 of bacterial inoculation. A. paragallinarum was reisolated from day 7 of post inoculation (PI) from nasal passage of chicks in which lesions were prominent. The proposed experimental pathogenesis was after intranasal inoculation with A. paragallinarum, rhinitis developed, bacteria entered into blood, reached different organs producing lesions. The lesions which are discussed here (rhinitis in association with focal hepatitis, fatty change in heart with lipid granuloma, progressive pneumonic lesions) are not usually present in adult and young birds. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i1.15240 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(1) 39-46

scholarly journals Isolasi, Identifikasi, dan Serotyping Avibacterium paragallinarum dari Ayam Petelur Komersial yang Menunjukkan Gejala Snot

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Elisabet Tangkonda ◽  
Charles Rangga Tabbu ◽  
Agnesia Endang Tri Hastuti Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Infectious Coryza ◽  
Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽  
Serotype B

Infectious coryza (snot) is one of acute respiratory disease in breeders, layers, and broilers caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum (Av. paragallinarum). This disease is very harmful because of its cause decrease in egg production and high morbidity. Snot incident in Indonesia still is reported. Vaccination is one of the best preventive measures, but reports about Av. paragallinarum serotype at the field so lack so that the correspondence between serotype Av. paragallinarum in the field to those used for vaccination is unknown. Av. paragallinarum has strains with different antigenicity and until now known three serotypes there are serotypes A, B and C. Serotypes A and C are pathogenic then serotypes B. The purpose of this study was to isolate, identify and to determine the serotype of Av. paragallinarum from the commercial layer that showing symptoms of snot. Samples were taken from layer which showed symptoms of snot (nasal foul smelling exudate, infra-orbital and wattle swelling, conjunctivitis, and snoring) from some layer farms. Samples were cultured on chocolate agar and then incubated in a candle jar at 37 ᴼC for 18-24 hours. Bacteria colony and cell morphology were observed and performed biochemical tests (catalase, oxidase, urease, indole, and fermentation of carbohydrates) in suspected colonies. Serotypes test was conducted using plate agglutination test (PAT). This study revealed 4 isolates Av. paragallinarum with 2 isolates are serotype B and 2 other are serotype C.

scholarly journals Comparative Pathology of Experimental Avibacterium Paragallinarum Infection in Chicken and Japanese Quail

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aadish Balouria ◽  
Sidhartha Deshmukh ◽  
Harmanjit Singh Banga ◽  
Milind Madhukar Chawak ◽  
Shakti Kant Dash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Infectious Coryza ◽  
Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Mucosal Immune Responses

Abstract IntroductionAvibacterium paragallinarum (Av.paragallinarum) is the causative agent of infectious coryza (IC) in chicken, an economically devastating disease of poultry industry. Despite the availability of effective vaccines against IC, the infection is rampant in unorganized poultry sector. Moreover, reports of wider host susceptibility in poultry farms and under field conditions are also emerging. Av.paragallinarum affects the upper respiratory tract of birds and has a predilection for the nasal turbinates. However, no study has systematically evaluated the early pathological changes and mucosal immune responses during Av. paragallinarum infection in the nasal turbinates of chicken. Furthermore, the use of Japanese quail as an alternate experimental animal model than chicken in IC remain unexplored. Here, we examined clinical signs, gross and histopathological changes at the nasal turbinates following experimental Av. paragallinarum infection in chicken and Japanese quail. MethodsWe developed a comprehensive scoring system for recording gross and histopathologic lesions during infection. ResultsOur data show that chicken have a higher susceptibility to Av.paragallinarum infection than the Japanese quail. Japanese quail had significantly lower gross as well as histopathology score in nasal turbinates as compared to infected chicken. Importantly, chicken at an early age i.e. 2.5 weeks were able to induce mucosal immune responses against Av. paragallinarum infection. ConclusionOur findings suggest that there are demonstrable differences in the disease pathology and host immune response to Av. paragallinarum infection in chicken and Japanese quail and warrant further investigation for the use of Japanese quail as an animal model for IC.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of Avibacterium paragallinarum, the causal agent of infectious coryza (IC) from layer chickens in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Akter ◽  
M Ali ◽  
PM Das ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Causal Agent ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Glandular Cell ◽  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Nasal Sinus ◽  
Infectious Coryza ◽  
Avibacterium Paragallinarum ◽  
Layer Chickens

This study was carried out for the isolation and identification of Avibacterium paragallinarum, the etiological agent of infectious coryza (IC). Pathological changes were also investigated that occurred in organs in layer chickens obtained from some selected areas of Bangladesh. A nasal swabs (n=30) from dead chickens and four swabs from live chickens were collected aseptically. The organisms from swabs were cultured in different media, stained, and followed by sugar fermentation and biochemical tests for identification of causal agent. Histopathology of the affected tissues was also carried out. Swabs from nasal passage (n=30) of dead birds died of other diseases cultured but no A. paragallinarum was isolated and identified. Two out of four suspected clinical cases of IC was confirmed by isolation of A. paragallinarum. The clinical signs of all four cases were nasal discharge; conjunctivitis with swelling of the sinuses, face and wattles; decreased feed and water intake with reduced egg production. At necropsy, hemorrhages were in mucous membrane of nasal passage and trachea. Histopathology of the nasal septum showed acanthosis, congestion, mucous glandular cell hyperplasia, hyperplasia of nasal sinus and parakeratosis. Further studies involving serological and molecular identification of the etiological agent of IC are warranted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i1.18218 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(1): 87-96, 2013

scholarly journals Erratum: Investigation of Feline calicivirus infection in cats with upper respiratory tract disease in Diyarbakir, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. e188699
Author(s):  
Nazan Baksi ◽  
Aynur Simsek
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Tract Disease

Feline calicivirus is among the most common pathogenic microorganisms in upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) and oral lesions of cats. It leads to stomatitis, oral ulceration, ocular and nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, fever, lameness, anorexia, hypersalivation, pneumonia, respiratory distress, coughing, and depression in infected cats. This study aimed to determine the role of Feline calicivirus (FCV) in cats with the upper respiratory tract disease in the Diyarbakir region, Turkey, to provide treatment for infected cats and contribute to the disease prophylaxis. The study material consisted of 10 cats (control group) considered to be healthy according to the clinical examination and 20 cats with URTD that were not vaccinated against Feline calicivirus infection of different breeds, ages, and genders brought to Dicle University Veterinary Faculty Prof. Dr. Servet SEKIN Polyclinic with URTD. After routine clinical examinations of the animals, oral and conjunctival swabs and blood samples were taken. Hematological and biochemical analyzes of blood samples were performed. Swab samples were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the diagnosis of the agent. Oral lesions, hypersalivation, ocular and nasal discharge, coughing, and breathing difficulties were seen in clinical examinations of cats with URTD. Feline calicivirus was detected in only one cat's conjunctival swab sample in PCR analyses. As a result, we found that Feline calicivirus infection was present in cats with URTD in the Diyarbakir region, and 5% positivity was found in cats with clinical symptoms according to PCR analysis.

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