scholarly journals Computational proteomics analysis reveals pathogen secreted carbohydrate active enzymes in tomato xylem sap

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Roy ◽  
Barsha Kalita ◽  
Aiswarya Jayaprakash ◽  
Annamalai Arunachalam ◽  
Lakshmi PTV
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Carbohydrate Active Enzymes ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

Abstract Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), a causal organism of Fusarium wilt in the tomato plant, secretes cell wall degrading enzymes, also known as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). These are crucial during colonization and pathogenesis, as evidenced by several proteomic studies, revealing the importance of these CAZymes in virulence and pathogenicity. However, few of them have been done in-planta, exhibiting differences in the expression of these cell wall degrading enzymes compared to in-vitro studies. Therefore, to explore the CAZymes involved in pathogenesis while residing in the host plant, an in-planta (xylem sap) proteomics of a susceptible tomato variety affected with Fol was done. Most of these CAZymes belonged to the hydrolase and oxidoreductase families having no significant homology with tomato proteins. Nearly 90% of them were predicted to be soluble and extracellular. The core CAZymes families with interactional evidence identified were AA3, GH3, GH18, GH20, GH28, GH43, GH47, GH55 and CE8. Thus, apart from annotating some of the hypothetical proteins to be CAZymes, the study sheds light on CAZymes families that may have a role in the pathogenesis and survival of this fungus in the susceptible tomato plant.

scholarly journals The role of L-arabinose metabolism for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in edible plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Emma Crozier ◽  
Jacqueline Marshall ◽  
Ashleigh Holmes ◽  
Kathryn Wright ◽  
Yannick Rossez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Food Borne

Arabinose is a major plant aldopentose in the form of arabinans complexed in cell wall polysaccharides or glycoproteins (AGP), but comparatively rare as a monosaccharide. L-arabinose is an important bacterial metabolite, accessed by pectolytic microorganisms such as Pectobacterium atrosepticum via pectin and hemicellulose degrading enzymes. However, not all plant-associated microbes encode cell wall degrading enzymes, yet can metabolise L-arabinose, raising questions about their use of and access to the glycan in plants. Therefore, we examined L-arabinose metabolism in the food-borne pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 (isolate Sakai) during its colonisation of plants. L-arabinose metabolism (araBA) and transport (araF) genes were activated at 18 C in vitro by L-arabinose and expressed over prolonged periods in planta. Although deletion of araBAD did not impact the colonisation ability of E. coli O157:H7 (Sakai) on plants, araA was induced on exposure to spinach cell wall polysaccharides. Furthermore, debranched and arabinan oligosaccharides induced ara metabolism gene expression in vitro, and stimulated modest proliferation, while immobilised pectin did not. Thus, E. coli O157:H7 (Sakai) can utilise pectin/AGP-derived L-arabinose as a metabolite, but differs fundamentally in ara gene organisation, transport and regulation from the related pectinolytic species P. atrosepticum, reflective of distinct plant-associated lifestyles.

Cell wall degrading enzymes in fusarium wilt of chickpea: correlation between pectinase and xylanase activities and disease development in plants infected with two pathogenic races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1395-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Jorge ◽  
Juan A. Navas-Cortés ◽  
Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz ◽  
Manuel Tena
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Pectate Lyase ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Degrading Enzymes

Production of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) polygalacturonase (PG), pectate lyase (PL), and xylanase was studied in chickpeas ( Cicer arietinum L. ‘P-2245’) inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Padwick) Matuo & K. Sato races 0 (mildly virulent, causing a yellowing syndrome) and 5 (highly virulent, causing a wilting syndrome) by the water-culture method. These CWDEs were similarly produced in both syndromes. PG and PL were the only enzymes occurring in roots and stems and attained the highest specific activity, this being generally higher for race 5 than for race 0. Gel filtration chromatography revealed a similar complement of in planta expressed pectinase isoforms, dominated by an endo-PG and two endo-PLs, the endo-PLs being differentially expressed by the two races. CWDE activities in roots and stems were positively correlated with development of yellowing and wilting. Exceptions to this were PG in stems, which was negatively correlated with the development of yellowing, and PG in roots, which showed a negative trend with development of either syndrome. The levels of CWDEs that significantly correlated with disease development were adequately described by exponential functions of disease progress. Results have implications for the role played by CWDEs in the early and later stages of pathogenesis in chickpea fusarium wilt.

scholarly journals Digestibility of grass silage.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 407-422
Author(s):  
A. Steg ◽  
S.F. Spoelstra ◽  
J.M. van der Meer ◽  
V.A. Hindle
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Degrading Enzymes

A total of 50 grass silages were tested in digestibility trials using Texel wethers. The feed silages were wilted of varying DM contents and treated with cell-wall degrading enzymes. The accuracy of feed evaluation was studied using laboratory analyses, including cell-wall analyses, incubation in vitro with rumen fluid and the enzymic procedure. A comparison was made between these results and the current and recently suggested procedures for prediction of digestibility of grass silage. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals The infection cushion: a fungal “weapon” of plant-biomass destruction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Choquer ◽  
Christine Rascle ◽  
Isabelle R Gonçalves ◽  
Amélie de Vallée ◽  
Cécile Ribot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
List Type ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes

SummaryGrey mold disease affects fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants around the world, causing considerable losses every year. Its causing agent, the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea, produces infection cushions (IC) that are compound appressorial structures dedicated to the penetration of the plant tissues.A microarray analysis was performed to identify genes up-regulated in mature IC. The expression data were supported by RT-qPCR analysis performed in vitro and in planta, proteomic analysis of the IC secretome and mutagenesis of two candidate genes.1,231 up-regulated genes and 79 up-accumulated proteins were identified. They highlight a secretion of ROS, secondary metabolites including phytotoxins, and proteins involved in virulence: proteases, plant cell wall degrading enzymes and necrosis inducers. The role in pathogenesis was confirmed for two up-regulated fasciclin genes. DHN-melanin pathway and chitin deacetylases genes are up-regulated and the conversion of chitin into chitosan was confirmed by differential staining of the IC cell wall. In addition, up-regulation of sugar transport and sugar catabolism encoding genes was found.These results support a role for the B. cinerea IC in plant penetration and suggest other unexpected roles for this fungal organ, in camouflage, necrotrophy or nutrition of the pathogen.

Characterization of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 from Tobacco Target Spot

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1161-1164
Author(s):  
Yan Qin Zhao ◽  
Yuan Hua Wu ◽  
Xiu Xiang Zhao ◽  
Meng Nan An ◽  
Jian Guang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Target Spot ◽  
Causal Pathogen

Rhizoctonia solaniKühn is a causal pathogen responsible for many types of plant disease worldwide and a major soilborne fungal pathogen that severely impairs yield and quality of tobacco worldwide. Activities, pathogenicity of the cell wall-degrading enzymes produced by theRhizoctoniasolanifrom tobacco target spot disease both in liquid medium and in tobacco tissue were studied. The result showed thatR.solanifrom tobacco can produce pectinase and cellulase both in vitro and vivo, and the activity of PG and PMG was the highest in vitro. The activity of Cx and β-glucosidase was the highest in vivo, and enzyme production ability of strong pathogenicity strains is stronger than the weak pathogenicity strains in vitro.

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