The total factor productivity index of freshwater aquaculture in China: based on regional heterogeneity
Abstract Continuously improving freshwater aquaculture efficiency will help promote the sustainable development of freshwater aquaculture, which is crucial to ensure fish food supply. In particular, finding ways to improve the freshwater aquaculture efficiency, by measuring and analyzing the total factor productivity (TFP) of freshwater aquaculture, is of great significance to the sustainable development of freshwater aquaculture industry. Therefore, this paper constructs a meta-frontier Malmquist index (MMI) model by considering the regional heterogeneity to evaluate the TFP of freshwater aquaculture of China from 2004 to 2019. The results show that: (1) From 2004 to 2019, the TFP of freshwater aquaculture shows dynamic fluctuations and spatial differences. Compared with coastal regions, there are obvious advantages in TFP of freshwater aquaculture in inland regions. (2) The change of TFP in freshwater aquaculture is driven by the combined effect of technology change (TC) and technical efficiency change (EC). (3) The technology gap in freshwater aquaculture of coastal regions is tiny, while that of inland regions is large. This paper finally gives some policy suggestions to improve the TFP to ensure the sustainable development of freshwater aquaculture.