scholarly journals Do health policies address the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality of human resources for health?: Analysis of three decades of National Health Policy of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweta Dubey ◽  
Jeel Vasa ◽  
Siddhesh Zadey
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
National Health ◽  
Human Resources For Health ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Health Policy ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background Human Resources for Health (HRH) are crucial to improve health services coverage and population health outcomes. The World Health Organisation (WHO) promotes four dimensions - availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality (AAAQ) for HRH strengthening. Integrating AAAQ dimensions in policymaking is essential to reduce the critical shortage of HRH in India.Methods We created a multilevel framework to evaluate the incorporation of AAAQ dimensions along with strategies and actions that can improve them in HRH-related policies. HRH-related recommendations of all versions of the National Health Policy of India (NHPI) were classified according to targeted dimensions and cadres. We evaluated the extent to which NHPIs incorporated AAAQ dimensions over three decades. Furthermore, dimension-wise normalized indices were formulated to calculate HRH deficits for pre-NHPI years to assess situational deficiencies. Finally, we evaluated whether or not the HRH recommendations of NHPIs addressed the deficient cadres and dimensions for the corresponding year.Results We observed that HRH availability and quality were focused more in NHPI compared to accessibility and acceptability. Doctors were prioritized over auxiliary nurses-midwives and health assistants. AAAQ indices showed deficits in all dimensions in almost all cadres over the years. The cadres focused by NHPI recommendations did not completely correspond to the deficient cadres.Conclusion The framework and indices based method can help identify the gaps between targeted and needed dimensions and cadres for effective HRH strengthening in countries. At the global level, the application of framework and indices will allow a comparison of strengths and weaknesses of HRH-related policies of various nations.

scholarly journals Do health policies address the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality of human resources for health?: Analysis of three decades of National Health Policy of India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweta Dubey ◽  
Jeel Vasa ◽  
Siddhesh Zadey
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
National Health ◽  
Human Resources For Health ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Health Policy ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background: Human Resources for Health (HRH) are crucial to improve health services coverage and population health outcomes. The World Health Organisation (WHO) promotes four dimensions - availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality (AAAQ) for HRH strengthening. Integrating AAAQ dimensions in policymaking is essential to reduce the critical shortage of HRH in India. Methods: We created a multilevel framework to evaluate the incorporation of AAAQ dimensions along with strategies and actions that can improve them in HRH-related policies. HRH-related recommendations of all versions of the National Health Policy of India (NHPI) were classified according to targeted dimensions and cadres. We evaluated the extent to which NHPIs incorporated AAAQ dimensions over three decades. Furthermore, dimension-wise normalized indices were formulated to calculate HRH deficits for pre-NHPI years to assess situational deficiencies. Finally, we evaluated whether or not the HRH recommendations of NHPIs addressed the deficient cadres and dimensions for the corresponding year. Results: We observed that HRH availability and quality were focused more in NHPI compared to accessibility and acceptability. Doctors were prioritized over auxiliary nurses-midwives and health assistants. AAAQ indices showed deficits in all dimensions in almost all cadres over the years. The cadres focused by NHPI recommendations did not completely correspond to the deficient cadres. Conclusion: The framework and indices based method can help identify the gaps between targeted and needed dimensions and cadres for effective HRH strengthening in countries. At the global level, the application of framework and indices will allow a comparison of strengths and weaknesses of HRH-related policies of various nations.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Application of Assessment Framework for Human Resources for Health Policy Implementation: Gaps in India’s National Health Policy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweta Dubey ◽  
Jeel Vasa ◽  
siddhesh zadey
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
National Health ◽  
Human Resources For Health ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Health Policy ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background: Human Resources for Health (HRH) are crucial to improve health services coverage and population health outcomes. The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes four dimensions - availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality (AAAQ) for HRH strengthening. Integrating AAAQ dimensions in policymaking is essential to reduce the critical shortage of HRH in India. Methods: We created a multilevel framework consisting of implementable strategies and actions that can improve AAAQ dimensions. We assessed and monitored the incorporation of dimensions in HRH-related recommendations of all versions of the National Health Policy of India (NHPI) policies using this framework. Recommendations were coded using this framework and classified according to targeted dimensions and cadres. We formulated dimension-wise normalized indices to calculate HRH deficits for pre-NHPI years and assess situational deficiencies. Finally, we evaluated whether or not the HRH recommendations of NHPIs addressed the deficient cadres and dimensions for the corresponding year. Results: We observed that HRH availability and quality were focused more in NHPI compared to accessibility and acceptability. Doctors were prioritized over auxiliary nurses-midwives and health assistants. AAAQ indices showed deficits in all dimensions in almost all cadres over the years. The cadres focused by NHPI recommendations did not completely correspond to the deficient cadres. Conclusion: The framework and indices based method can help identify the gaps between targeted and needed dimensions and cadres for effective HRH strengthening in countries. At the global level, the application of framework and indices will allow a comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of HRH-related policies and indicate implementation strategies and actions.

scholarly journals Do health policies address the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality of human resources for health? Analysis over three decades of National Health Policy of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweta Dubey ◽  
Jeel Vasa ◽  
Siddhesh Zadey
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
National Health ◽  
Human Resources For Health ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Status ◽  
Policy Priority ◽  
Almost All ◽  
National Health Policies

Abstract Background Human Resources for Health (HRH) are crucial for improving health services coverage and population health outcomes. The World Health Organisation (WHO) promotes countries to formulate holistic policies that focus on four HRH dimensions—availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality (AAAQ). The status of these dimensions and their incorporation in the National Health Policies of India (NHPIs) are not well known. Methods We created a multilevel framework of strategies and actions directed to improve AAAQ HRH dimensions. HRH-related recommendations of NHPI—1983, 2002, and 2017 were classified according to targeted dimensions and cadres using the framework. We identified the dimensions and cadres focussed by NHPIs using the number of mentions. Furthermore, we introduce a family of dimensionwise deficit indices formulated to assess situational HRH deficiencies for census years (1981, 2001, and 2011) and over-year trends. Finally, we evaluated whether or not the HRH recommendations in NHPIs addressed the deficient cadres and dimensions of the pre-NHPI census years. Results NHPIs focused more on HRH availability and quality compared to accessibility and acceptability. Doctors were prioritized over auxiliary nurses-midwives and pharmacists in terms of total recommendations. AAAQ indices showed deficits in all dimensions for almost all HRH cadres over the years. All deficit indices show a general decreasing trend from 1981 to 2011 except for the accessibility deficit. The recommendations in NHPIs did not correspond to the situational deficits in many instances indicating a policy priority mismatch. Conclusion India needs to incorporate AAAQ dimensions in its policies and monitor their progress. The framework and indices-based approach can help identify the gaps between targeted and needed dimensions and cadres for effective HRH strengthening. At the global level, the application of framework and indices will allow a comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of HRH-related policies of various nations.

The Politics of Developing a National Health Policy

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Evang
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Social Services ◽  
National Health ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Health Policy ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Since national health policy is developed through the political instruments and modalities of a given country, it would be unrealistic to prescribe a solution applicable everywhere. Health matters are “in” in the political world, due partly to the rapidly rising cost of medical care and related social services, and partly to pressure groups which have become aware of the potentialities of health services in the population. Also, the “man-consuming” sector of society, industry and war machines, can use man as he is produced by nature only to a limited extent; more must, therefore, be invested in his health. The emergency period in health protection and promotion is over in the richer parts of the world. However, few countries have yet produced a national health policy. The difficulties encountered in this process are discussed, and it is suggested that a great deal can be learned from the initiative, in the 1920s, of a recommendation by the Health Section of the League of Nations that every country develop a national food policy. It is argued that it is time for the World Health Organization to urge its member states to develop and introduce a national health policy.

Persons Caring For Persons: A Public Health Policy Architecturally Presented

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Fernando Carbone-Campoverde
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
National Health ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
National Health System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Policy Statement ◽  
National Health Policy ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
The Impact

Background: In 2001 a number of limitations and inconsistencies were noted in the Peruvian national health system. In addition to long-standing structural issues, challenges emerged related to social determinants of health as well as health workers’ attitudes and skills. Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the national health policy changes that the Ministry of Health of Peru considered necessary in 2002 to address the prevailing challenges and the particular implementation of such policies. Methods: The formulation of the desired national health policy changes were based on critical readings of the pertinent scientific literature, the collation of national health policy experience, and consultations with Ministry officers and recognized national experts. Results:  The thrust of the national health policy changes, involving the crucial relationship between service providers and users resulting from such process was summarized by the dictum “Persons Caring for Persons” (In Spanish, “Personas que Atendemos Personas”). In order to extend the impact of this policy dictum, it was decided to inscribe it right under the Ministry’s name on the façade or frontispiece of the Ministry’s central building in Lima, the capital of Peru. Discussion: The focus of health care on persons was based on well considered Peruvian and international experience, particularly those maturing at the World Health Organization since the Alma Ata Declaration. The dictum “Persons Caring for Persons” has remained present in national health discussions as well as on the frontispiece of the Ministry’s central building across several changes in national political leadership over the past 13 years. Conclusions: The policy statement “Persons Caring for Persons”, reflects well considered national experience and wisdom, consistent with growing international aspirations. Its endurance over many years calls for renewed efforts to deepen such perspectives towards greater respect for human rights and the full humanization of health care and social life.

Psychology and National Health Policy.

1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
Theodore H. Blau
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
National Health ◽  
National Health Policy

Advanced practice in ophthalmic nursing: A comparison of roles and the effects of policy on practice in the UK and New Zealand

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Marsden ◽  
Mary E. Shaw ◽  
Sue Raynel
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
National Health ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Advanced Practice ◽  
National Health Policy ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Role Development ◽  
The Uk

This paper compares the results of studies of ophthalmic advanced practice in two similar but distinct health economies and integrates the effects of the setting, health policy and professional regulation on such roles. A mixed method questionnaire design was used, distributed at national ophthalmic nursing conferences in the UK and in New Zealand. Participants were nurses undertaking advanced practice who opted to return the questionnaire. Data were analysed separately, and are compared here, integrated with national health policy and role regulation to provide commentary on the findings. The findings suggest that health policy priorities stimulate the areas in which advanced practice roles in ophthalmic nursing emerge. The drivers of role development appear similar and include a lack of experienced doctors and an unmanageable rise in healthcare demand. Titles and remuneration are different in the two health economies, reflecting the organisation and regulation of nursing. In clinical terms, there are few differences between practice in the two settings and it appears that the distinct systems of regulation have minimal effect on role development. Ophthalmic nursing, as a reactive, needs based profession and in common with nursing in general, evolves in order that practice reflects what is needed by patients and services.

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