scholarly journals Ultra-Fast Tunable Optoelectronic Full-Adder Based on Photonic Crystal Ring Resonators Covered By Graphene Nanoshells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Naghizade ◽  
Hamed Saghaei
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Light Propagation ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Full Adder ◽  
Resonant Mode ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Maximum Delay

Abstract This paper reports a new design of a tunable optoelectronic full-adder using two photonic crystal ring resonators (PCRRs). Every PCRR consists of a matrix of silicon rods surrounded by silica rods covered with graphene nanoshells (GNSs). The proposed full-adder is formed by three input ports, two PCRRs, and two output ports for 'SUM' and 'CARRY'. The plane wave expansion technique is used to study the photonic band structure of the fundamental PC microstructure, and the finite-difference time-domain method is also employed in the final design for solving Maxwell's equations to analyze the light propagation inside the structure. We can tune the PhC resonant mode for our desired application by setting the chemical potential of GNSs with an appropriate gate voltage. The numerical results reveal that when the chemical potential of GNSs changes, the switching mechanism occurs and manages the coupling and propagation direction of the input beam inside the structure. We systematically study the effects of physical parameters on the transmission, reflection, and absorption spectra. Our numerical results also demonstrate that the maximum delay is about 0.8 ps. The 663 µm2 area of the proposed full-adder based on two-dimensional materials makes it a building block of every photonic integrated circuit used for data processing systems.

scholarly journals Ultra-fast Tunable Optoelectronic Half Adder/subtractor based on Photonic Crystal Ring Resonators Covered by Graphene Nanoshells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Naghizade ◽  
Hamed Saghaei
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Light Propagation ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Resonant Absorption ◽  
Resonant Mode ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Half Adder

Abstract This paper reports a new design of a tunable optoelectronic half adder/subtractor. Two photonic crystal (PhC) ring resonators are used to realize the proposed structure. Several silicon rods surrounded by silica rods covered with graphene nanoshells (GNSs) form every PhC ring resonator. Setting the chemical potential of GNS with an appropriate gate voltage, we can tune the PhC resonant mode as desired. The plane wave expansion technique is used to study the photonic band structure of the fundamental PC microstructure, and the finite-difference time-domain method is employed in the final design for solving Maxwell's equations to analyze the light propagation inside the structure. We systematically study the effects of physical parameters on the transmission reflection and absorption spectra. By optimizing the geometric dimensions, resonant absorption peaks can be excited at the same time for GNSs. Our numerical results also reveal the maximum time response is about 0.8 ps. The 200 µm2 area of the proposed half adder/subtractor makes it the building block of every photonic integrated circuit. Also, the design of various fast signal processing systems in optical communication networks is possible due to using tunable GNSs in PhC ring resonators. This study can introduce the use of two-dimensional materials in the design and implementation of logic circuits.

Design and analysis of an optical full-adder based on nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators

Optik ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marziyeh Moradi ◽  
Mohammad Danaie ◽  
Ali Asghar Orouji
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Full Adder ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Nonlinear Photonic Crystal

Highly sensitive fluid sensing due to slow light in pillar-based photonic crystal ring resonators

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 515-520
Author(s):  
Reyhaneh Jannesari ◽  
Thomas Grille ◽  
Bernhard Jakoby
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Slow Light ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Resonant Mode ◽  
High Quality Factor ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator

Abstract A design for a high quality factor photonic crystal ring resonator (PCRR) is presented. The PCRR is based on pillar type photonic crystals, which consist of a hexagonal array of silicon rods. The cavity is created by removing elements from the regular photonic crystal (PhC) grid. Achieving strong confinement of light intensity in the low index region is the advantage of this PCRR. In that manner, the interaction of light and analyte, which can be a liquid or a gas, will be enhanced. The high quality factor of the cavity (Q=1.0229\times {10}^{5}), along with strong overlap between the field of the resonant mode and the analyte as well as the low group velocity of PCRR modes yield enhanced light-matter interaction. An enhancement factor of \gamma =2.127\times {10}^{4} compared to the bulk light absorption in a homogenous material provides the potential for highly sensitive gas detection with a photonic crystal ring resonator.

scholarly journals A Novel Design of All-optical Full-adder Using Nonlinear X-shaped Photonic Crystal Resonators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Naghizade ◽  
Hamed Saghaei
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Light Propagation ◽  
Full Adder ◽  
All Optical ◽  
High Speed Data ◽  
Doped Glass ◽  
Photonic Band ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Incoming Light

Abstract This paper proposes a new all-optical full-adder design based on nonlinear X-shaped photonic crystal (PhC) resonators. The PhC-based full-adder consists of three input ports, two X-shaped PhC resonators (X-PCRs), and two output ports. The dielectric rods made of silicon and nonlinear rods composed of doped glass are used to design the X-PCRs. Two well-known plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain methods are applied to study and analyze the photonic band structure and light propagation inside the PhC, respectively. Our numerical results demonstrate when the incoming light intensity increases, the nonlinear Kerr effect appears and manages the direction of light propagation inside the structure. The maximum time delay and footprint of the proposed full-adder are about 2.5ps and 663 μm2, making it an appropriate adder for high-speed data processing systems.

Bidirectional switchable beam splitter/filter based graphene loaded Si ring ‎resonators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Bagheri ◽  
Fakhrodin Nazari ◽  
Mohammad Kazem Moravvej-Farshi
Keyword(s):  
Beam Splitter ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Transverse Electric ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Input Intensity ◽  
Difference Time ◽  
Insulator Substrate

Abstract Using bus waveguides coupled to the graphene-loaded Si-ring resonators (GSRRs) all on a Si-‎on-insulator substrate, we propose a compact bidirectional switchable beam splitter/filter ‎controlled by graphene-based electro-absorptive (refractive) mode modulation. The proposed ‎device consists of a through waveguide coupled to two drop waveguides via two GSRRs. ‎Each GSRR consists of a stack of hBN/graphene/hBN nanolayers sandwiched between two ‎Si-ring resonators. Using a finite difference time domain method, we show that the resonant ‎wavelength of GSRRs can be tuned in the range of 1551.5 < λ <1552.1 nm, linearly with the ‎slope of ~2.46 nm/eV via appropriately changing the graphene chemical potential, ‎electrostatically. The numerical results show that when both GSRRs are in an electro-refractive ‎state and a transverse electric (TE) polarized light beam of an appropriate wavelength is ‎launched into one of the though-ports, ~ 84.5% of the input intensity equally splits between ‎the adjacent drop-ports. The transmission out of the second through-port is less than 0.8%. ‎The numerical results further show that when one GSRR is in an electro-refractive mode, and ‎the other one is in an electro-absorptive state, ~68.4% of the input intensity transmits out of ‎the drop-port adjacent to the former GSRR, and the other ports experience insignificant ‎outputs (<0.7%). The device's structural symmetry makes it a bidirectional tunable, suitable for ‎long-haul optical telecommunication applications.‎

A proposal for an all optical full adder using nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators

Optik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 163359
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Geraili ◽  
Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Tavakoli ◽  
Mehrdad Shokooh-Saremi
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Full Adder ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Nonlinear Photonic Crystal ◽  
All Optical

scholarly journals Effect of Geometry on the Electromagnetic Wave Transport Properties of Photonic Crystals: Comparison of Top-Flat and Top-Curved Refractive Index Profiles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Solaimani ◽  
malihe nejati
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Light Propagation ◽  
Refractive Index Profile ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Index Profile ◽  
Wave Transport ◽  
Photonic Band

Abstract In the current paper, we try to engineer the refractive index profile in a one-dimensional photonic crystal as a powerful tool to manage the electromagnetic wave transmission properties. For this purpose, we have compared four sinusoidal, rectangular, triangular, and saw-tooth refractive index profile types. In this way, we have used a transfer matrix method accompanied by the discretization of the spatial domain. This method can readily be applied to any arbitrary continuous refractive index profile. Then, we have tried to address the effects of different geometrical and physical parameters, including the photonic crystal length L, dielectric permittivity εd, number of layers and plasma density np, etc. on the light propagation through the mentioned photonic crystals. In the proposed two-layer plasma/dielectric photonic crystals we could observe acceptable ranges of Omni-directional photonic band gaps that their position width and their number can be regulated. We determine the most and least tunable systems.

An all optical photonic crystal half adder suitable for optical processing applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Azhdari ◽  
Sahel Javahernia
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Optical Processing ◽  
Nonlinear Photonic Crystal ◽  
Half Adder ◽  
All Optical

Abstract Increasing the speed of operation in all optical signal processing is very important. For reaching this goal one needs high speed optical devices. Optical half adders are one of the important building blocks required in optical processing. In this paper an optical half adder was proposed by combining nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators with optical waveguides. Finite difference time domain method wase used for simulating the final structure. The simulation results confirmed that the rise time for the proposed structure is about 1 ps.

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