scholarly journals Demonstration of targeted crossovers in hybrid maize using CRISPR technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Kouranov ◽  
Charles Armstrong ◽  
Ashok Shrawat ◽  
Vladimir Sidorov ◽  
Scott Huesgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Trait Introgression

Abstract Naturally occurring chromosomal crossovers (CO) during meiosis are a key driver of genetic diversity. The ability to target CO at specific allelic loci in hybrid plants would provide a significant advantage to the plant breeding process by facilitating trait introgression, and potentially increasing the rate of genetic gain. We present the first demonstration of targeted CO in hybrid maize utilizing the CRISPR Cas12a system. Our experiments showed that stable and heritable targeted CO can be produced in F1 somatic cells using Cas12a at a significantly higher rate than the natural CO in the same interval. These results are a step towards the use of RNA guided nuclease technology to simplify the creation of targeted genome combinations in progeny and accelerate breeding.

scholarly journals Demonstration of targeted crossovers in hybrid maize using CRISPR technology

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Kouranov ◽  
Charles Armstrong ◽  
Ashok Shrawat ◽  
Vladimir Sidorov ◽  
Scott Huesgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Mitotic Cell Cycle ◽  
End Joining ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Non Homologous End Joining ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Trait Introgression

AbstractNaturally occurring chromosomal crossovers (CO) during meiosis are a key driver of genetic diversity. The ability to target CO at specific allelic loci in hybrid plants would provide an advantage to the plant breeding process by facilitating trait introgression, and potentially increasing the rate of genetic gain. We present the first demonstration of targeted CO in hybrid maize utilizing the CRISPR Cas12a system. Our experiments showed that stable and heritable targeted CO can be produced in F1 somatic cells using Cas12a at a significantly higher rate than the natural CO in the same interval. Molecular characterization of the recombinant plants demonstrated that the targeted CO were driven by the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or HDR repair pathways, presumably during the mitotic cell cycle. These results are a step towards the use of RNA-guided nuclease technology to simplify the creation of targeted genome combinations in progeny and accelerate breeding.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence and genetic gain in bread wheat through selection practices

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ferdous ◽  
UK Nath ◽  
A Islam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Selection Practices

Genetic diversity is essential to meet the diversified goals of plant breeding such as producing cultivars with increased yield, wider adaptation, desirable quality, pest and disease resistance. In this study genetic diversity and selection index of 24 genotypes of bread wheat were evaluated. The performance of 24 wheat genotypes showed that there were significant variations for the characters suggesting the presence of genetic variability among the genotypes. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters viz. I, II, III, IV and V based on Mahalanobis’ D2 statistics. Cluster I and II were the largest group containing six genotypes and the rest three clusters contained four, five and three genotypes respectively. The genotyps belonging to the same group had smaller D2- value than between those belonging to different clusters. Study on selection indices through discriminate function showed that Anza ranked as the best followed by the genotypes Rawal, PBW-373 and Kheri and suggests that these highest scoring genotypes might be recommended for farmers’ cultivation for better yield and it would be expected genetic gain upto 49.77% through selection practices based on the characters studied. Therefore, a crossing programme could be made among the genotypes belonging in cluster I and cluster V will provide maximum heterotic combination, especially for yield of bread wheat. Alternatively, among the studied genotypes Anza could be cultivated for better performance. Keywords: Genetic divergence; Genetic gain; Selection indices; Bread wheatDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i1.8736 JBAU 2011; 9(1): 1-4

Estimation of genetic diversity and its exploitation in plant breeding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hausila Prasad Singh ◽  
Om Prakash Raigar ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Chahota
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Breeding

scholarly journals Politics of Planetary Reproduction and the Children of Other Worlds

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Oman-Reagan
Keyword(s):  
Life Story ◽  
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Combined Immunodeficiency ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lynn Margulis ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Space Settlement

This paper considers possible futures for human space settlements through the life story and experiences of David Vetter—a child born with severe combined immunodeficiency who became known in popular media as the “bubble boy.” Lynn Margulis imagined the creation of ecosystems and human settlements on another planet could be an act of Gaia reproducing by budding, through ecopoiesis. Thinking with Margulis about humans as holobionts, our species is both constituted by and embedded within communities of organisms and ecologies. As holobionts we may not be able to live outside of these communities and systems or away from Earth, even if we can temporarily survive without them. Placed within an evolutionary framework, techno-capitalist imaginaries of space settlement limit conceptions of planetary reproduction to heteronormative models of ecopoiesis which promote competition as a key driver of evolution instead of cooperation. Technologically mediated survival along with forced reproduction of holobionts within Earth-like systems and could lead to suffering and isolation like David Vetter’s forced survival in a bubble. I propose alternative liberatory modes of conceptualizing and materializing space migration (including queer and decolonized forms of reproduction) which better respect the Earth, its inhabitants, as well as extraterrestrial planets, landscapes, lives, and possibilities. Cite as: Oman-Reagan, Michael P. “Politics of Planetary Reproduction and the Children of Other Worlds.” Futures. (Forthcoming, 2019)

Genetic Diversity and Modern Plant Breeding

2015 ◽  
pp. 55-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Smith ◽  
David Bubeck ◽  
Barry Nelson ◽  
Jason Stanek ◽  
Justin Gerke
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Breeding

Genetic diversity is indispensable for plant breeding to improve crops

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Swarup ◽  
Edward J. Cargill ◽  
Kate Crosby ◽  
Lex Flagel ◽  
Joel Kniskern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Breeding

Molecular assessment of maize inbred lines (Zea mays L.) Using microsatellite markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-542
Author(s):  
Maniruzzaman ◽  
MG Azam ◽  
S Islam ◽  
MG Hossain ◽  
MM Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Genetic Diversity Analysis ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Maize Genotypes

Genetic diversity analysis and germplasm characterization are essential steps in plant breeding and molecular markers are proved tool to accomplish. The present study was undertaken at the Molecular Breeding Lab of Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) to determine the genetic relatedness and molecular characterization of 15 maize inbred lines of BARI. In present study, genetic diversity analysis was performed by using 10 SSR primers to evaluate the polymorphisms, among them six primers showed distinct polymorphism between the maize inbred lines. The maize genotypes E81, E144, E08, E167, E102, E142 and E121 were found more diverged (0.9003) compared to other inbred lines. On the other hand, the lowest genetic distance values (0.1501) were found between the genotype E140 and genotype E80 followed by genotype E126 and genotype E140; genotype E140 and genotype E65; genotype E65 and genotype E80 values were identical (0.4502). The genotypes viz. E81, E144, E08, E167, E102, E142 and E121 were found far away from centroid of the cluster and rest of the genotypes were placed around the centroid. The Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCO) helped to visualize four major clusters and showed that seven maize inbred lines (E81, E58, E08, E167, E102, E142 and E121) were far away from the other genotypes. In conclusion, SSR markers enabled discrimination among accessions and provided valuable information for future use in improvement of these genomic resources.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(4): 533-542, December 2018

Ecology: A Science of Nation? The Utilization of Plant Ecology in New Zealand, 1896 - 1930

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Star
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
National Park ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Plant Breeding Station

Following the creation of the Empire Marketing Board in 1926, Australia's development was influenced by an imperial science increasingly aware of ecology. The present paper traces similar New Zealand links in the ecological approach to pasture development promoted in the Dominion by Bruce Levy and fuelled by the vision of George Stapledon of the Welsh Plant Breeding Station, who visited New Zealand in 1926. However, plant ecology came much earlier to New Zealand by way of Leonard Cockayne, who in 1908 used ecological arguments to press for the extension of Tongariro National Park and who saw New Zealand's unique plant associations as emblems of nation rather than endowments of empire. By comparing the application of ecology, in New Zealand at different times, to the separate (though not necessarily opposed) goals of building a nation and supporting an empire, insight is gained into the changing ways in which any science may be drawn into the service of societal priorities and aspirations.

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