scholarly journals Association Between Vision Impairment And Traffic Safety Outcomes In Low And Middle-Income Countries: Protocol For A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mapa Mudiyanselage Prabhath Nishantha Piyasena ◽  
Mike Clarke ◽  
Greame MacKenzie ◽  
Ving Fai Chan ◽  
Victoria Odette Olvera-Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Safety Outcomes ◽  
Vision Function ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background: Road traffic injuries are a major public health concern. The burden and road traffic fatality rate are especially high in low-and middle-income countries and the socioeconomic impact is profound. Although many authors have studied the correlation between vision and traffic safety, there is no robust evidence base that could be used in advocacy. This systematic review will test the hypothesis that interventions to improve vision function are associated with good traffic safety outcomes.Methods: Cochrane guidance on conducting a systematic review and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - Protocols (PRISMA-P) were used to inform the preparation of this protocol and the Cochrane guidance and the main PRISMA guidance will inform the conduct and reporting of the review. We will search MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO host), Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library. We will include studies of any design which either attempt to access traffic safety outcomes of any kind among persons with any vision deficit or examine vision among persons who use roads. The primary outcome for this review is any measure of traffic safety or surrogate outcomes. Study selection, data extraction and evaluation of risk of bias will be done by two reviewers. A meta-analysis or narrative data synthesis will be conducted, depending on study quality and homogeneity.Discussion: The results of this review will include summary estimates of vision and the effects of interventions to improve vision function, that are associated with traffic safety outcomes in LMICs. This systematic review will fill a gap in the evidence base with policy implications that will be useful for a wide audience and may improve vision of the drivers in LMICs, leading to better traffic safety outcomes.

244 Traumatic Brain Injury Related Paediatric Mortality and Morbidity in Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bandyopadhyay ◽  
M Kawka ◽  
K Marks ◽  
G Richards ◽  
E Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Aim Three million cases of paediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) occur annually, the majority of which occur in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is a paucity of data on the outcomes of pTBI available. We aimed to systematically review and synthesise the reported morbidity and mortality from pTBI in the published literature about LMICs. Method A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, and Global Index Medicus were searched for relevant articles from January 2000 to May 2020. Observational or experimental studies on pTBI (individuals between the ages of 0 to 16 years) in LMICs were included. Morbidity data were descriptively analysed, and a random-effects model was used to pool mortality rates. PROSPERO ID: CRD42020171276. Results We included 145 studies from 38 countries representing 174073 patients with pTBI. Males were twice (95% CI: 1.6 – 2.4) as likely to have a pTBI than females. Where available, mild TBI represented ≥ 60% of all pTBI cases in most reports (n = 24/43, 56%). The commonest cited cause of pTBI was road traffic accidents (n = 16643/43083, 39%), followed by falls (n = 10927/43083, 25%). 4385 patients (n = 4385/18092, 24%) had a reduction from normal function on discharge. On average, there were 6.7 deaths per 100 cases of pTBI. Conclusions Only 38 LMICs have published data on the volume and burden of pTBI in their country. Limited data available suggests that young male children are at a high-risk of pTBIs in LMICs, particularly from road traffic accidents.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS CoV-2 infection in Low and Middle-Income Countries and risk classification in the context of rolling out vaccine candidate across these countries : Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ackah ◽  
Louise Ameyaw ◽  
Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo ◽  
Cynthia Osei Yeboah ◽  
Nana Esi Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Seroprevalence of SARS Cov-2 provides a good indication of the extent of exposure and spread in the population, as well as those likely to benefit from a vaccine candidate. To date, there is no published or ongoing systematic review on the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). This systematic review and meta-analysis will estimate SARS Cov-2 seroprevalence and the risk factors for SARS Cov-2 infection in LMICs.Methods We will search PubMed, EMBASE, WHO COVID-19 Global research database, Google Scholar, the African Journals Online, LILAC, HINARI, medRxiv, bioRxiv and Cochrane Library for potentially useful studies on seroprevalence of COVID-19 in LMICs from December 2019 to December 2020 without language restriction. Two authors will independently screen all the articles, select studies based on pre-specified eligibility criteria and extract data using a pre-tested data extraction form. Any disagreements will be resolved through discussion between the authors. The pooled seroprevalence of SARS CoV-2 for people from LMICs will be calculated. Random effects model will be used in case of substantial heterogeneity in the included studies, otherwise fixed-effect model will be used. A planned subgroup, sensitivity and meta-regression analyses will be performed. For comparative studies, the analyses will be performed using Review Manager v 5.4; otherwise, STATA 16 will be used. All effect estimates will be presented with their confidence intervals.Discussion The study will explore and systematically review empirical evidence on SARS Cov-2 seroprevalence in LMICs, and to assess the risk factors for SARS Cov-2 infection in Low Middle Income Countries in the context of rolling out vaccines in these countries. Finally, explore risk classifications to help with the rolling out of vaccines in LMICs.Systematic review registration: The protocol for this review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD422020221548).

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