Safe child feces disposal practices and its association with reported diarrhea in low-income and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negasa Eshete Soboksa ◽  
Beekam Kebede Olkeba ◽  
Dinkinesh Begna Gudeta
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Google Search

Abstract Introduction: In household environments, the improper handling of children's feces can be a significant contaminant, raising a high risk of baby exposure. Several studies done on the magnitude of safe disposal of child feces and its association with reported childhood diarrhea have varied outcomes and no tries have been made to systematically review this. Therefore, a systematic review is necessary to provide an exhaustive summary of the current evidence. Thus, the objective of this a systematic review and meta-analysis will be to pool out the available evidence on the magnitude of safe child feces disposal practices and its association with reported childhood diarrhea in low-income and middle-income countries. Methods: In order to find applicable literature for this study, PubMed, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library collection and Ovid Medline will be searched. In addition, it can search for Google Search Engine, Google Scholar, and references from other studies.The primary outcome of interest will be the magnitude of safe child feces disposal practices and the secondary outcome will be its association with reported diarrhea. Observational studies (cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies) written in English, from January 2000 onwards will be included. The selected studies will be critically appraised by two independent reviewers using an appropriate tool. The pooled magnitude of safe child feces disposal practices and its association with reported childhood diarrhea will be analyzed using Stata version 16. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the chi-square test (Q-test) statistics and inverse variance index (I2). Forest plots will be used to present the combined estimate with 95% CI. A funnel plot and Egger’s test of small study bias will be used to assess publication bias.Discussion: This systematic review will identify the evidence available on the magnitude of safe child feces disposal practices and its association with reported diarrhea. The findings from this study will be made publicly available in a repository and published in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings from this study will also provide directions for future research and public health professionals with an understanding of the importance of safe child feces disposal practices to preventing childhood diarrhea in the community.Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO CRD42020189034

scholarly journals The Magnitude of Unsafe Child Feces Disposal Practices and Its Association With Reported Diarrhea in Low-income and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negasa Eshete Soboksa ◽  
Bekam Kebede Olkeba ◽  
Dinkinesh Begna Gudeta
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Google Search

Abstract Introduction:The unsafe disposal of children’s feces may be an important contaminant in household environments, posing a high risk of exposure to infants. Several studies done on the magnitude of unsafe disposal of child feces and its association with reported childhood diarrheahave variedoutcomesand no tries have been made to systematically review this. Therefore, itis necessitating a systematic review to provide an exhaustive summary of current evidence. Thus, the objective ofthis study will be to pool out the available evidence on the magnitude of unsafe child feces disposalpractices and its association with reported childhood diarrhea in low-income and middle-income countries. Methods: PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library database, and Ovid Medline will be searched to identify relevant literature for this review. Moreover, Google search engine, Google Scholar, and references of other studieswill be searched from January 2000 to December 2020. The primary outcome of interest will bethe magnitude of unsafe disposal of child feces and the secondary outcome will be its association with reported diarrhea. Observationalstudies (cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies) written in English will be included in this review. The selected studies will be critically appraised by two independent reviewers using an appropriate tool. The pooled magnitude of unsafe disposal of child feces and its association with reported childhood diarrhea will be analyzed using Stata version 16. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the chi-square test (Q-test) statistics and inverse variance index (I2). Forest plots will be used to present the combined estimate with 95% CI.A funnel plot and Egger’s test of small study bias will be used to assess publication bias.Discussion:This systematic review will identify the evidence available on themagnitude of unsafe child fecesdisposal practicesand its associationwith reported diarrhea. The findings from this study will bemade publicly available in a repository and published in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings from this study will also provide directions for future research and public health professionals with an understanding of the importance of safe child feces disposal practices to preventingchildhood diarrhea in the community.Systematic review registrationnumber: PROSPERO CRD42020189034

scholarly journals Efficacy of zinc as adjunctive pneumonia treatment in children aged 2 to 60 months in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Brown ◽  
Antti Juhani Kukka ◽  
Andreas Mårtensson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

BackgroundDespite advances in vaccination and case management, pneumonia remains the single largest contributor to early child mortality worldwide. Zinc has immune-enhancing properties, but its role in adjunctive treatment of pneumonia in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is controversial and research still active.MethodsSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of zinc and placebo in pneumonia in children aged 2 to 60 months in LMICs. Databases included MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS, SciELO, the WHO portal, Scopus, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov. Inclusion criteria included accepted signs of pneumonia and clear measure of outcome. Risk of bias was independently assessed by two authors. ORs with 95% CI were used for calculating the pooled estimate of dichotomous outcomes including treatment failure and mortality. Time to recovery was expressed as HRs. Sensitivity analyses considering risk of bias and subgroup analyses for pneumonia severity were performed.ResultsWe identified 11 trials published between 2004 and 2019 fulfilling the a priori defined criteria, 7 from South Asia and 3 from Africa and 1 from South America. Proportional treatment failure was comparable in both zinc and placebo groups when analysed for all patients (OR 0.95 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.14)) and only for those with severe pneumonia (OR 0.93 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.14)). No difference was seen in mortality between zinc and placebo groups (OR 0.64 (95% CI 0.31 to 1.31)). Time to recovery from severe pneumonia did not differ between the treatment and control groups for patients with severe pneumonia (HR 1.01 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.14)). Removal of four studies with high risk of bias made no difference to the conclusions.ConclusionThere is no evidence that adjunctive zinc treatment improves recovery from pneumonia in children in LMICs.Trial registration numberCRD42019141602.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of paediatric COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-321385
Author(s):  
Omar Irfan ◽  
Fiona Muttalib ◽  
Kun Tang ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
Zohra S Lassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

ObjectiveCompare paediatric COVID-19 disease characteristics, management and outcomes according to World Bank country income level and disease severity.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.SettingBetween 1 December 2019 and 8 January 2021, 3350 articles were identified. Two reviewers conducted study screening, data abstraction and quality assessment independently and in duplicate. Observational studies describing laboratory-confirmed paediatric (0–19 years old) COVID-19 were considered for inclusion.Main outcomes and measuresThe pooled proportions of clinical findings, treatment and outcomes were compared according to World Bank country income level and reported disease severity.Results129 studies were included from 31 countries comprising 10 251 children of which 57.4% were hospitalised. Mean age was 7.0 years (SD 3.6), and 27.1% had a comorbidity. Fever (63.3%) and cough (33.7%) were common. Of 3670 cases, 44.1% had radiographic abnormalities. The majority of cases recovered (88.9%); however, 96 hospitalised children died. Compared with high-income countries, in low-income and middle-income countries, a lower proportion of cases were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) (9.9% vs 26.0%) yet pooled proportion of deaths among hospitalised children was higher (relative risk 2.14, 95% CI 1.43 to 3.20). Children with severe disease received antimicrobials, inotropes and anti-inflammatory agents more frequently than those with non-severe disease. Subgroup analyses showed that a higher proportion of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) were admitted to ICU (47.1% vs 22.9%) and a higher proportion of hospitalised children with MIS-C died (4.8% vs 3.6%) compared with the overall sample.ConclusionPaediatric COVID-19 has a favourable prognosis. Further severe disease characterisation in children is needed globally.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS CoV-2 infection in Low and Middle-Income Countries and risk classification in the context of rolling out vaccine candidate across these countries : Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ackah ◽  
Louise Ameyaw ◽  
Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo ◽  
Cynthia Osei Yeboah ◽  
Nana Esi Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Seroprevalence of SARS Cov-2 provides a good indication of the extent of exposure and spread in the population, as well as those likely to benefit from a vaccine candidate. To date, there is no published or ongoing systematic review on the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). This systematic review and meta-analysis will estimate SARS Cov-2 seroprevalence and the risk factors for SARS Cov-2 infection in LMICs.Methods We will search PubMed, EMBASE, WHO COVID-19 Global research database, Google Scholar, the African Journals Online, LILAC, HINARI, medRxiv, bioRxiv and Cochrane Library for potentially useful studies on seroprevalence of COVID-19 in LMICs from December 2019 to December 2020 without language restriction. Two authors will independently screen all the articles, select studies based on pre-specified eligibility criteria and extract data using a pre-tested data extraction form. Any disagreements will be resolved through discussion between the authors. The pooled seroprevalence of SARS CoV-2 for people from LMICs will be calculated. Random effects model will be used in case of substantial heterogeneity in the included studies, otherwise fixed-effect model will be used. A planned subgroup, sensitivity and meta-regression analyses will be performed. For comparative studies, the analyses will be performed using Review Manager v 5.4; otherwise, STATA 16 will be used. All effect estimates will be presented with their confidence intervals.Discussion The study will explore and systematically review empirical evidence on SARS Cov-2 seroprevalence in LMICs, and to assess the risk factors for SARS Cov-2 infection in Low Middle Income Countries in the context of rolling out vaccines in these countries. Finally, explore risk classifications to help with the rolling out of vaccines in LMICs.Systematic review registration: The protocol for this review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD422020221548).

scholarly journals Theory of change for the delivery of talking therapies by lay workers to survivors of humanitarian crises in low-income and middle-income countries: protocol of a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e018193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Kathryn Ryan ◽  
Andreas Bauer ◽  
Judith K Bass ◽  
Julian Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Humanitarian Crises

IntroductionThere is a severe shortage of specialist mental healthcare providers in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) affected by humanitarian crises. In these settings, talking therapies may be delivered by non-specialists, including lay workers with no tertiary education or formal certification in mental health. This systematic review will synthesise the literature on the implementation and effectiveness of talking therapies delivered by lay workers in LMICs affected by humanitarian crises, in order to develop a Theory of Change (ToC).Methods and analysisQualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies assessing the implementation or effectiveness of lay-delivered talking therapies for common mental disorders provided to adult survivors of humanitarian crises in LMICs will be eligible for inclusion. Studies set in high-income countries will be excluded. No restrictions will be applied to language or year of publication. Unpublished studies will be excluded. Seven electronic databases will be searched: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycEXTRA, Global Health, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov. Contents pages of three peer-reviewed journals will be hand-searched. Sources of grey literature will include resource directories of two online mental health networks (MHPSS.net and MHInnovation.net) and expert consultation. Forward and backward citation searches of included studies will be performed. Two reviewers will independently screen studies for inclusion, extract data and assess study quality. A narrative synthesis will be conducted, following established guidelines. A ToC map will be amended iteratively to take into account the review results and guide the synthesis.Ethics and disseminationFindings will be presented in a manuscript for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated through a coordinated communications strategy targeting knowledge generators, enablers and users.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017058287.

scholarly journals Contribution of suicide and injuries to pregnancy-related mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela C Fuhr ◽  
Clara Calvert ◽  
Carine Ronsmans ◽  
Prabha S Chandra ◽  
Siham Sikander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Related Mortality
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