Unique Clinical Features of Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis Withelevated Expression of Human β-Defensin-2 and -3 in Gingival Epithelia

Abstract Background: Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF), a rare benign oral condition, has several adverse consequences such as aesthetic changes, malocclusion, speech impediments, and abnormal dentition . H owever, relatively few studies have addressed the beneficial effects of thick gingival tissues on resisting external stimuli. Patients with HGF commonly manifest a ‘healthy’ gingiva , and the aetiology and pathogenesis of this condition remain unclear. H uman β-defensins (hBDs) are known to play a pivotal role in the clearance and killing of various microbes and contribute to maintaining a harmonious oral environment, which is currently an emerg ing research focus. We previously performed an immunohistochemi cal analysis of gingival tissues from a multigenerational family with non-syndromic HGFs (NHGF) . However , the expression pattern and localisation of hBD-2 and - 3 in patients with NHGF has not been reported. Methods: Gingival tissue was paraffin embedding, sectioned, and then the expression and localisation of hBD-2 and -3 in the gingival epithelium of patients with HGF and normal individuals were compared using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with descriptive and quantitative analysis. Results: The immunohistochemical staining showed a statistically significant increase in hBD-2 and 3 in gingiva l tissue derived from patients with HGF. Conclusion: Our current findings provide evidence to support the novel hypothesis that certain gene mutations of the HGF lead to relatively elevated expression levels of hBDs, which may be beneficial in protect ing oral tissue from external stimuli and promot ing periodontal regeneration.

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Case Report: A Case of Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis With a High Level of Human β Defensins in Gingival Epithelium

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.763026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ge Gao ◽

Qing Tian ◽

Anpeng Han ◽

Rongxia Yang ◽

Fan Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

Research Area ◽

Gingival Tissue ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Elevated Expression ◽

Gingival Epithelium ◽

Oral Tissue ◽

Gingival Fibromatosis ◽

High Level ◽

External Stimuli

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis [HGF, (MIM 135300)], a rare benign oral condition, has several adverse consequences such as aesthetic changes, malocclusion, speech impediments, and abnormal dentition. However, relatively few studies have addressed the beneficial effects of thick gingival tissues in resisting external stimuli. In this report, we present a unique case of a family affected by HGF that manifests as a ‘healthy’ gingiva. Human β-defensins (hBDs) are known to play a pivotal role in the clearance and killing of various microbes, and contribute to maintaining a healthy oral environment, which is currently emerging research area. However, the expression pattern and localisation of hBDs in patients with HGF have not yet been reported. hBD-2 and hBD-3 in the pedigree we collected had relatively elevated expression. High hBD levels in the gingival tissue of patients from the family may be beneficial in protecting oral tissue from external stimuli and promoting periodontal regeneration, but their role and the mechanisms underlying HGF need to be clarified.

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Safety Assessment of Nano-Hydroxyapatite as an Oral Care Ingredient according to the EU Cosmetics Regulation

Cosmetics ◽

10.3390/cosmetics5030053 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 53 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Joana Ramis ◽

Catarina Coelho ◽

Alba Córdoba ◽

Paulo Quadros ◽

Marta Monjo

Keyword(s):

Oral Care ◽

Gastric Fluid ◽

Gingival Tissue ◽

Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

Consumer Safety ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Dissolution Behaviour ◽

Gingival Epithelium

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP-NP) are incorporated in oral care products such as toothpastes and mouthwashes to treat dental sensitivity or to promote enamel remineralisation. Despite the good performance of HAP-NP in this application, it is important to ensure its safety for consumers. For that reason, the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) evaluated the safety of HAP-NP as an oral care ingredient, but the issued opinion was not completely conclusive and the SCCS recommended that additional tests should be performed. Here, we used a commercially available human gingival epithelium (HGE) as a non-animal alternative and MTT cell viability, LDH activity, and IL-1alpha production were evaluated after 3.1% HAP-NP treatment for 10 min, 1 h, and 3 h. Moreover, the absorption of HAP-NP in the gingival tissue was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Finally, the dissolution behaviour of HAP-NP in simulated gastric fluid was also investigated. No deleterious effect was observed for HGE tissues incubated with HAP-NP for all time-points and parameters evaluated. Moreover, a complete dissolution of 3.1% HAP-NP in simulated gastric fluid was observed after 7.5 min at 37 °C. In conclusion, our results evidence the safety of HAP-NP for oral care products with the use of an in vitro replacement alternative for human gingival epithelium and a simulated gastric fluid assay.

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Nigella sativa and Thymoquinone: A Natural Blessing for Periodontal Therapy

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9121260 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1260

Author(s):

Mohamed Mekhemar ◽

Yasmine Hassan ◽

Christof Dörfer

Keyword(s):

Nigella Sativa ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Periodontal Treatment ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Active Constituent ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Action Mechanisms ◽

Clinical Experiments

Thymoquinone (TQ), the chief active constituent of Nigella sativa (NS), shows very valuable biomedical properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, antiparasitic and anti-asthmatic effects. Several studies have examined the pharmacological actions of TQ in the treatment of oral diseases but its potential role in periodontal therapy and regeneration is not yet fully defined. The present investigation has been designed to review the scientific studies about the effects of TQ as an adjunct to periodontal treatment to promote healing and periodontal regeneration. Along with clinical experiments, in vitro studies exhibit the beneficial effects of TQ during periodontal therapy. Nevertheless, additional comprehensive clinical and preclinical studies at cellular and molecular levels are essential to examine the particular action mechanisms of Nigella sativa and its elements, particularly TQ, during periodontal treatment or regeneration.

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Beneficial Effects of External Cueing on Freezing of Gait in a Subject With Polymerase‐γ Gene Mutations

Movement Disorders Clinical Practice ◽

10.1002/mdc3.12817 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 614-615

Author(s):

Jorik Nonnekes ◽

Maarten J. Nijkrake ◽

Hanneke J.R. Duijnhoven ◽

Bastiaan R. Bloem

Keyword(s):

Freezing Of Gait ◽

Gene Mutations ◽

Beneficial Effects

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Genetic predisposition to radiation-related cancer and potential implications for risk assessment

Annals of the ICRP ◽

10.1016/j.icrp.2012.06.030 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (3-4) ◽

pp. 108-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A.J. Sigurdson ◽

D.O. Stram

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Large Scale ◽

Gene Mutations ◽

Differential Sensitivity ◽

Baseline Risk ◽

Relevant Today ◽

Risk Variants ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Occupationally Exposed ◽

Risk Protection

Several lines of evidence suggest that risk estimates for cancer associated with radiation exposure incorporate individuals who are more and less inherently susceptible to the carcinogenic effects of radiation, and the technology to further evaluate this issue is now available. For example, genome-wide association scan studies could be undertaken to address, at least in part, the direction of causality in the observations of differential sensitivity to radiomimetic agents in cancer cases compared with normal individuals, thereby building on previous observations that sensitivity to these agents is higher in apparently normal individuals carrying gene mutations in NBS and ATM. Direct studies of risk of second cancers in relation to radiation are underway, and some results have been reported (e.g. for the PRDM1 gene as related to sensitivity to radiation-related cancers after treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma). It is important to understand the risk synergies between variants affecting associations with various cancers defining susceptibility in unexposed populations and the excess risk in populations therapeutically or occupationally exposed to radiation for the purpose of risk protection, especially as additional baseline risk variants are discovered in increasingly large-scale analyses. While there are studies that are beginning to address these questions, there have been no compelling new discoveries, to date, to indicate that predisposition information should be included in risk assessment. The conclusions in ICRP Publications 79 and 103 appear relevant today.

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Effect of Yoga in Diabetes

Anusandhaan - Vigyaan Shodh Patrika ◽

10.22445/avsp.v4i1.4378 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mahesh Pal ◽

Tripti Misra ◽

Shipra Shukla ◽

Anjali Verma ◽

Daleep Kumar Upreti

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Oxidative Stress ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Diabetic Complication ◽

Cardiovascular Complication ◽

Lifestyle Interventions ◽

Endocrine Disorder ◽

Global Epidemic ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Normal Individuals

Diabetes is a global epidemic, most common endocrine disorder and represents one of the most serious clinical as well as public health problems worldwide. Diabetic complication leads to various cellular or vascular damage to retina, nerves, kidney and cardiovascular complication by the production of free radicals. The science of yoga is an ancient one. It is a rich heritage of our culture. Ancient books make a mention of the usefulness of yoga in the treatment of certain diseases and preservation of health in normal individuals. Yoga can be used as an effective therapy in reducing oxidative stress in diabetes as well as other complicated disorders. Yoga is also beneficial in improving glycemic parameters and Body Mass Index. Yoga can be administered as an add-on therapy to standard lifestyle interventions. Yoga is being tried for its beneficial effects not only in India but also in US, UK and Australia as well.

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Defective FXR-SHP Regulation in Obesity Aberrantly Increases miR-802 Expression, Promoting Insulin Resistance and Fatty Liver

10.2337/figshare.13350461.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sunmi Seok ◽

Hao Sun ◽

Young-Chae Kim ◽

Byron Kemper ◽

Jongsook Kim Kemper

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Farnesoid X Receptor ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Obese Mice ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Elevated Expression ◽

Glucose And Lipid Homeostasis

Aberrantly elevated expression in obesity of microRNAs (miRs), including miR-802, contributes to obesity-associated metabolic complications but the mechanisms underlying the elevated expression are unclear. Farnesoid-X-Receptor (FXR), a key regulator of hepatic energy metabolism, has great potential for treatment of obesity-related diseases. We examined whether a nuclear receptor cascade involving FXR and FXR-induced Small Heterodimer Partner (SHP) regulates expression of miR-802 to maintain glucose and lipid homeostasis. Hepatic miR-802 levels are increased in FXR-knockout (KO) or SHP-KO mice and are decreased by activation of FXR in a SHP-dependent manner. Mechanistically, transactivation of miR-802 by Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) is inhibited by SHP. In obese mice, activation of FXR by obeticholic acid treatment reduced miR-802 levels and improved insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis, but these beneficial effects were largely abolished by overexpression of miR-802. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and obese mice, occupancy of SHP is reduced and that of AHR is modestly increased at the miR-802 promoter, consistent with elevated hepatic miR-802 expression. These results demonstrate that normal inhibition of miR-802 by FXR-SHP is defective in obesity, resulting in increased miR-802 levels, insulin resistance and fatty liver. This FXR-SHP-miR-802 pathway may present novel targets for treating type 2 diabetes and NAFLD.

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Microbial and Host Factors That Affect Bacterial Invasion of the Gingiva

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034520922134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (9) ◽

pp. 1013-1020

Author(s):

S. Ji ◽

Y. Choi

Keyword(s):

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Host Factors ◽

Gingival Tissue ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Bacterial Invasion ◽

Gingival Epithelium ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Systemic Infections ◽

Review Current

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the periodontium caused by the loss of homeostasis between subgingival biofilms and susceptible hosts. Bacterial invasion into the gingival tissue and persistent infection are major events that lead to chronic inflammation. The intratissue bacterial communities are as complex as the subgingival biofilms and can also form biofilm-like structures, which will serve as a reservoir for local and systemic infections. The epithelium forms physical, chemical, and immunological barriers against invading microbes. Nevertheless, many bacterial species can invade the gingival epithelium through transcellular and paracellular pathways. In addition, both genetic and environmental factors of the hosts can affect epithelial barrier functions and thus bacterial invasion of the gingiva. In this review, current evidence for the bacterial invasion of the gingival tissue in periodontitis has been summarized, and the microbial and host factors that determine bacterial invasion of the gingiva have been reviewed.

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THE HISTORY OF DEFERIPRONE (L1) AND THE COMPLETE TREATMENT OF IRON OVERLOAD IN THALASSAEMIA

Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases ◽

10.4084/mjhid.2020.011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. e2020011 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

George J Kontoghiorghes ◽

Marios Kleanthous ◽

Christina N. Kontoghiorghe

Keyword(s):

Complete Removal ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Excess Iron ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Complete Treatment ◽

History Of ◽

Families With Children

Deferiprone (L1) was originally designed, synthesised and screened in vitro and in vivo in 1981 by Kontoghiorghes G J following his discovery of the novel alpha-ketohydroxypyridine class of iron chelators (1978-1981), which were intended for clinical use. The journey through the years for the treatment of thalassaemia with L1 has been a very difficult one with intriguing turn of events, which continue until today. Despite many complications, such as the wide use of L1 suboptimal dose protocols, the aim of chelation therapy- namely the complete removal of excess iron in thalassaemia major patients, has been achieved following the introduction of specific L1 and L1/deferoxamine combinations. Many such patients continue to maintain normal iron stores. As a result of the introduction of L1, thalassaemia has changed from a fatal to a chronic disease and thalassaemia patients are active professional members in all sectors of society, have their own families with children and grandchildren and their lifespan is approaching that of normal individuals. No changes in the low toxicity profile of L1 have been observed in more than 30 years of clinical use. Thousands of thalassaemia patients are still denied the cardioprotective and other beneficial effects of L1 therapy. The safety of L1 in thalassaemia and other non-iron loaded diseases resulted in its selection as one of the leading therapeutics for the treatment of Friedreich’s ataxia, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration and other similar cases. There are also increasing prospects for the application of L1 as a main, alternative or adjuvant therapy in many pathological conditions including cancer, infectious diseases and as a general antioxidant for diseases related to free radical pathology.

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