Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis of Gougerot-Carteaud in a North African patient

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CRP) is a rare skin condition of uncertain etiology. The anti-bacterial and most importantly the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of some antibiotics seem to explain the effectiveness of these medications. Other measures such as reducing weight and treating an underlying endocrine disorder may be helpful.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM1019 attenuate polycystic ovary syndrome through butyrate dependent gut-brain mechanism

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. The gut microbiota has been shown to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of PCOS....

Case Series of Irritated Giant Acrochordons Arising from Skin Folds

BACKGROUND: Acrochordons are pedunculated papules or nodules with a soft consistency and smooth contour, sometimes apparently growths often hang on thin stalk, with the most acrochordons size was 2–5 mm. Occasionally, due to frictions of the pedicle, acrochordon can become inflamed, tender, and even gangrenous. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case series of three giant acrochordons, first case, 19-year-old female come to my OPD clinic with a big mass on her left vagina, with pain and hot while being touched, and fever. On examination big nodule on the right labia mayor was found, with diameter 20 × 20 cm, short stalk, firm, warmed, and pain sensation while touched, with several excoriated skin surface. Second case, 23-year-old female presented in my OPD with a mass in her left vagina, associated with pain and several bleeding spots while being touched, with diameter of 5 × 5 cm. Third case, 31-year-old female consulted to OPD clinic with a year of history having a mass on her right buttock, which gradually increases in size and causing a light pain. On examination, short pedunculated nodule was found at the right buttock, diameter 10 × 6 cm, oval shape, firm, and several excoriated plaques. All cases were diagnosed as giant acrochordons and were performed excision. The previous studies state that the larger lesions of acrochordons in the groin or upper thighs maybe associated with diabetes mellitus and obese individuals. Due to the twisting or strangulated of the pedicle, all three cases of giant acrochordons become inflamed, tender, irritated, infarction, and even gangrenous. In general, it was advised to have the acrochordons removed, particularly in the skin fold of axillae, groin, or vagina, since they will gradually develop in size. CONCLUSION: Giant acrochordons usually relate to the growth hormone like activity. Hence, they may associate with endocrine disorder. It may occasionally become inflamed, tender, and even gangrenous due to frictions. General principle is to have the acrochordons removed, particularly in skin fold area.

Morphology Aspects of Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder resulting of low levels of thyroid circulating hormones. The prevalence in the general population varies between 0.3% and 3.7%. Presents as clinical or subclinical disease based on presence of symptoms and levels of serum TSH and free thyroxine and T4, respectively. Hypothyroidism has numerous etiologies, some of them are originated on the thyroid itself and some others are of extrathyroid origin, with variable manifestations. Classified as primary, secondary, tertiary and peripheral. Thyroid autoimmune disease is the principal cause. A new class of drugs against cancer, like the anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-L1/PD1 therapies have been associated with primary or secondary hypothyroidism. Endocrine disorders can be difficult to diagnose based only on morphological features because endocrine manifestations are caused primarily by a hormonal imbalance. Hypothyroidism may have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Finally, myxedematous coma is the main complication of terminal stages hypothyroidism.

Endocrine Disorder in Patients With Craniopharyngioma

Craniopharyngioma is an intracranial congenital epithelial tumor growing along the pathway of the embryonic craniopharyngeal tube. The main clinical symptoms of patients with craniopharyngioma include high intracranial pressure, visual field defect, endocrine dysfunction, and hypothalamic dysfunction. At present, the preferred treatment remains the surgical treatment, but the recovery of endocrine and hypothalamic function following surgery is limited. In addition, endocrine disorders often emerge following surgery, which seriously reduces the quality of life of patients after operation. So far, research on craniopharyngioma focuses on ways to ameliorate endocrine dysfunction. This article reviews the latest research progress on pathogenesis, manifestation, significance, and treatment of endocrine disorders in patients with craniopharyngioma.

Future challenge on probiotics uses from fermented milk on the endocrine disorder in human

More than fifty different probiotics have been identified with different structures and modes of action. This study aimed to offer an overview of the evidence on the clinical microbiology activity of the probiotics group derived from fermented milk. We conducted a framework for reporting probiotics activity using the MICRO (Microbiology Investigation Criteria for Reporting Objectively) checklist. Two electronic databases (Pubmed and EMBASE) were used to conduct this study. The initial search discovered 22 references (Pubmed 8 and EMBASE 16). We included human study, clinical trial study, English written, and full articles in this review. Of all these original articles, only six articles were included in the review. These included articles reported the testing phase on the pre-analytical and analytical phases. This review found that probiotics such as Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis BB-12 are beneficial in humans’ endocrine disorder therapy. This activity includes maintaining serum insulin levels in pregnant women and reducing weight in healthy obese men and women. Thus, probiotics, with their several features, may advance their candidacy as therapeutic agents. However, there is more effort to do. For example, finishing the analytical phase, especially on quality assurance and avoiding bias.

The Importance Of Macroprolactin In The Diagnosis Of Hyperprolactinemia

This article provides a brief review of macroprolactin (MPRL) – what, why, how, and when. Prolactin (PRL) secretion is uniquely controlled by tonic dopamine inhibition. Circulating PRL is a heterogeneous mixture of different sized proteins – monomer, dimer, and a large PRL-immunoglobulin aggregate also known as MPRL. Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL), which affects male sexual function and female reproduction, is a common endocrine disorder. Elevated PRL may be physiologic, pharmacologic, or pathologic. However, MPRL is quite common (ranging from 13–30%) and should be excluded before inappropriate investigations and therapy for HPRL are initiated. MPRL can be precipitated by mixing serum with polyethylene glycol (PEG) followed by centrifugation; monomeric PRL remains in the supernatant. MPRL is considered present if the PRL recovery is less than 40% or if the post-precipitation PRL concentration is low. The use of both measures for MPRL provides greater clarity. Different immunoassay platforms recognize MPRL differently necessitating assay-specific reference ranges. All HPRL samples should be screened for MPRL.

A single centre retrospective analysis of cinacalcet therapy in primary hyperparathyroidism

Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is a common endocrine disorder that can be cured by parathyroidectomy, and patients unsuitable for surgery can be treated with cinacalcet. Availability of surgery may be reduced during COVID-19 and cinacalcet can be used as bridging therapy. In this single centre retrospective analysis, we investigated the efficacy and safety of cinacalcet in patients with pHPT receiving cinacalcet between March 2019 and July 2020, including pre-parathyroidectomy bridging. We reviewed and summarised the published literature. 86 patients were identified, with most achieving target calcium (79.1%) with a mean dose of 39.4 mg/day for a median duration of 35 weeks. Calcium normalised in a median time of 5 weeks. The majority of patients commenced cinacalcet 30 mg/day (78; 90.7%) with the remainder at 60 mg/day (8; 9.3%). 57.8% of patients commenced on lower dose cinacalcet (30 mg/day) achieved a target Ca without requiring 60 mg/day. Baseline PTH was significantly higher in patients requiring higher doses of cinacalcet (p=0.014). 18.6% of patients reported adverse reactions and 4.7% discontinued cinacalcet. Patients treated with cinacalcet pre-parathyroidectomy required a higher dose and fewer achieved target calcium compared to those treated medically with cinacalcet alone. Post-operative calcium was similar to patients not given pre-parathyroidectomy cinacalcet. In summary, cinacalcet at an initial dose of 30 mg/day is safe and effective for achieving target calcium in patients with symptomatic or severe hypercalcaemia in pHPT, including those treated pre-parathyroidectomy. We propose a PTH threshold of >30 pmol/L to initiate at a higher dose of 60 mg/day.

A Comprehensive Review on Acromegaly: A Complicated Endocrine Disorder

Acromegaly is a disease or disorder that is caused by the hyper secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary, that results in the excessive growth of tissues of body and dysfunctioning of other metabolic processes. Acromegaly is usually caused by the non-cancerous (benign) tumour and middle-aged people are mostly affected by it. Patients with acromegaly have pain in the joints, physical deformities, deepening of voice, bulging chest, protruding lower jaw, large feet and hands, oily skin, vision disorder or erectile dysfunction (impotence). Acromegaly occurs after the fusion of growth plates while gigantism occurs before the fusion of growth plates. This article reviews the pathophysiology and management of acromegaly as well as it highlights the etiology and epidemiology of acromegaly

Effective Management of Hypothyroidism by Using Ayurvedic Interventions: A Case Report

Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder that mainly occurs due to insufficient thyroid gland stimulation or primary gland failure by the pituitary or hypothalamus gland. Symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, gastric trouble, face puffiness with edematous eyelids, retarded nail growth, weight gain, hoarseness of voice, decreased libido, pallor, dry skin, dry hair, alopecia, constipation, abnormal menstrual cycle, muscle cramps, myalgia etc. A 30-year-old married Hindu, non-alcoholic, non-smoking male patient visited OPD of Shuddhi Ayurveda Clinic, Jeena Sikho Lifecare Pvt. Ltd. Noida on 18 November 2020 with known case of subclinical hypothyroidism. On the basis of clinical diagnosis and laboratory investigations, ayurvedic medicines having action on thyroid gland and digestion improvement were prescribed for over a period of six months. After this ayurvedic medicinal treatment for four months i.e. from November 2020 to February 2021, significant results were noted in terms of reduction in level of increased TSH. TSH level was significantly reduced from 181µIU/ml to 0.11 µIU/ml within two months of ayurvedic treatment. Then, there was a mild increase in the TSH level when patient was tested for TFT after four months i.e. on 21st of June 2021, investigated level of TSH was 5.59 µIU/ml. Overall, a satisfactory result was observed in patient clinical conditions proving significant efficacy of ayurvedic treatment.