Male Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer Have a Higher Risk of Extranodal Extension

Abstract Purpose: There is a sex disparity in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Male sex is associated with a higher likelihood of advanced stage disease. This study aimed to examine the significance of sex for extranodal extension (ENE) in PTC. Patients and Methods: We reviewed the data of PTC patients who had undergone initial surgical resection from July 2012 to December 2014 (N = 1531). The effects of sex and other clinicopathological factors on ENE were investigated.Results: Of 1531 patients identified, 377 (24.6%) were male, 816 (53.3%) had positive nodes, and 256 (16.7%) had ENE. Compared with female patients, male patients had a higher risk of ENE (P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis of clinicopathological factors revealed that male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37 - 2.87; P < 0.001), age older than 60 years (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.08 - 3.35; P = 0.023), extrathyroidal extension (OR, 3.52; 95% CI, 2.42 - 5.14; P < 0.001), bilateral multifocality (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.53 - 3.13; P < 0.001), and more positive nodes were significantly associated with increased risk of ENE. Patients with 6-10 positive nodes were 16.45-fold higher to have ENE than patients with 5 positive nodes or less (95% CI, 11.07 - 24.68; P < 0.001).Conclusion: Male PTC patients had a higher risk of ENE than female. Sex was an independent predictor of ENE. The underlying mechanism needs to be investigated further.

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Male patients with papillary thyroid cancer have a higher risk of extranodal extension

International Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1007/s10147-021-02109-1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Hu Hei ◽

Bin Zhou ◽

Wenbo Gong ◽

Chen Zheng ◽

Jianwu Qin

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Extranodal Extension ◽

Male Patients

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Extranodal Extension Is an Independent Predictor of Lung Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer

10.21203/rs.3.rs-832567/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hu Hei ◽

Wenbo Gong ◽

Chen Zheng ◽

Bin Zhou ◽

Jianwu Qin

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Node Metastasis ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Lung Metastasis ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Node Metastasis ◽

Extranodal Extension

Abstract PurposeLymph node metastasis is common in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Some metastatic lymph nodes may present extranodal extension (ENE). The clinical role of ENE in PTC has yet to be clearly identified. We evaluated macroscopic ENE as a potential prognostic indicator of lung metastasis in PTC.Patients and MethodsWe identified 1140 consecutive patients who had PTC initially resected at our cancer center. Clinical data and pathological results were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to figure out the association between clinicopathological variables and lung metastasis.ResultsIn this cohort, 51.7% of PTC patients had lymph node metastasis; 10.4% had macroscopic ENE positive nodes; 2.3% had lung metastasis. In patients with lymph node metastasis, the average number of positive nodes was 5.10 ± 4.91. Multivariable analysis of clinicopathological factors revealed that extrathyroidal extension (odds ratio [OR], 3.57; 95% CI, 1.41–9.04), macroscopic ENE (OR, 7.08; 95% CI, 2.54–19.74), and number of positive nodes were significantly associated with lung metastasis. Compared with 0–3 positive nodes, 7–9 positive nodes denoted a moderate risk of lung metastasis (OR, 4.53; 95% CI, 1.03–19.85). And 10 positive nodes or more indicated a high risk of lung metastasis (OR, 9.63; 95% CI, 2.65–35.02).ConclusionMacroscopic ENE could serve as a strong independent prognostic factor of lung metastasis in PTC. More attention should be paid to patients with ENE positive nodes during follow-up.

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Detection of BRAFV600E in Liquid Biopsy from Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer Is Associated with Tumor Aggressiveness and Response to Therapy

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9082481 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 2481

Author(s):

Kirk Jensen ◽

Shilpa Thakur ◽

Aneeta Patel ◽

Maria Cecilia Mendonca-Torres ◽

John Costello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Liquid Biopsy ◽

Digital Pcr ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Promising Tool ◽

Increased Risk

The detection of rare mutational targets in plasma (liquid biopsy) has emerged as a promising tool for the assessment of patients with cancer. We determined the presence of cell-free DNA containing the BRAFV600E mutations (cfBRAFV600E) in plasma samples from 57 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with somatic BRAFV600E mutation-positive primary tumors using microfluidic digital PCR, and co-amplification at lower denaturation temperature (COLD) PCR. Mutant cfBRAFV600E alleles were detected in 24/57 (42.1%) of the examined patients. The presence of cfBRAFV600E was significantly associated with tumor size (p = 0.03), multifocal patterns of growth (p = 0.03), the presence of extrathyroidal gross extension (p = 0.02) and the presence of pulmonary micrometastases (p = 0.04). In patients with low-, intermediate- and high-risk PTCs, cfBRAFV600E was detected in 4/19 (21.0%), 8/22 (36.3%) and 12/16 (75.0%) of cases, respectively. Patients with detectable cfBRAFV600E were characterized by a 4.68 times higher likelihood of non-excellent response to therapy, as compared to patients without detectable cfBRAFV600E (OR (odds ratios), 4.68; 95% CI (confidence intervals)) 1.26–17.32; p = 0.02). In summary, the combination of digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) with COLD-PCR enables the detection of BRAFV600E in the liquid biopsy from patients with PTCs and could prove useful for the identification of patients with PTC at an increased risk for a structurally or biochemically incomplete or indeterminate response to treatment.

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MicroRNA-384 Inhibits the Progression of Papillary Thyroid Cancer by Targeting PRKACB

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/4983420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yongxia Wang ◽

Beixi Wang ◽

Hong Zhou ◽

Xiangnan Zhang ◽

Xinlai Qian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Target Gene ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Soft Agar ◽

Luciferase Reporter ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Soft Agar Assay ◽

Spearman’S Correlation ◽

Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay

Background. Growing evidence shows that dysregulation of miRNAs plays a significant role in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) tumorigenesis and development. The abnormal expression of miR-384 has been acknowledged in the proliferation or metastasis of some cancers. However, the function and the underlying mechanism of miR-384 in PTC progression remain largely unknown. Methods. Real-time PCR was conducted to detect miR-384 expression in 58 cases of PTC and their adjacent noncancerous tissues. MTT, soft agar assay Transwell assay, and wound-healing assay were carried out to explore the biological function of miR-384 in PTC cell lines of BCPAP and K1. Bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay, western blot, and functional complementation analysis were conducted to explore the target gene of miR-384. Moreover, Spearman’s correlation analysis was conducted to reveal the correlation between miR-384 and PRKACB mRNA in PTC. Results. The expression of miR-384 decreased obviously in PTC, especially in the tumors with lymph node metastasis or larger tumor size. The ectopic upregulation of miR-384 significantly suppressed PTC progression, and the inhibition of miR-384 had the opposite effects. Moreover, PRKACB gene was confirmed as the target of miR-384. Conclusion. The study suggests that miR-384 serves as a tumor suppressor in PTC progression by directly targeting the 3′-UTR of PRKACB gene.

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