Male patients with papillary thyroid cancer have a higher risk of extranodal extension

Abstract Purpose: There is a sex disparity in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Male sex is associated with a higher likelihood of advanced stage disease. This study aimed to examine the significance of sex for extranodal extension (ENE) in PTC. Patients and Methods: We reviewed the data of PTC patients who had undergone initial surgical resection from July 2012 to December 2014 (N = 1531). The effects of sex and other clinicopathological factors on ENE were investigated.Results: Of 1531 patients identified, 377 (24.6%) were male, 816 (53.3%) had positive nodes, and 256 (16.7%) had ENE. Compared with female patients, male patients had a higher risk of ENE (P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis of clinicopathological factors revealed that male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37 - 2.87; P < 0.001), age older than 60 years (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.08 - 3.35; P = 0.023), extrathyroidal extension (OR, 3.52; 95% CI, 2.42 - 5.14; P < 0.001), bilateral multifocality (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.53 - 3.13; P < 0.001), and more positive nodes were significantly associated with increased risk of ENE. Patients with 6-10 positive nodes were 16.45-fold higher to have ENE than patients with 5 positive nodes or less (95% CI, 11.07 - 24.68; P < 0.001).Conclusion: Male PTC patients had a higher risk of ENE than female. Sex was an independent predictor of ENE. The underlying mechanism needs to be investigated further.

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Extranodal Extension Is an Independent Predictor of Lung Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer

10.21203/rs.3.rs-832567/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hu Hei ◽

Wenbo Gong ◽

Chen Zheng ◽

Bin Zhou ◽

Jianwu Qin

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Node Metastasis ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Lung Metastasis ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Node Metastasis ◽

Extranodal Extension

Abstract PurposeLymph node metastasis is common in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Some metastatic lymph nodes may present extranodal extension (ENE). The clinical role of ENE in PTC has yet to be clearly identified. We evaluated macroscopic ENE as a potential prognostic indicator of lung metastasis in PTC.Patients and MethodsWe identified 1140 consecutive patients who had PTC initially resected at our cancer center. Clinical data and pathological results were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to figure out the association between clinicopathological variables and lung metastasis.ResultsIn this cohort, 51.7% of PTC patients had lymph node metastasis; 10.4% had macroscopic ENE positive nodes; 2.3% had lung metastasis. In patients with lymph node metastasis, the average number of positive nodes was 5.10 ± 4.91. Multivariable analysis of clinicopathological factors revealed that extrathyroidal extension (odds ratio [OR], 3.57; 95% CI, 1.41–9.04), macroscopic ENE (OR, 7.08; 95% CI, 2.54–19.74), and number of positive nodes were significantly associated with lung metastasis. Compared with 0–3 positive nodes, 7–9 positive nodes denoted a moderate risk of lung metastasis (OR, 4.53; 95% CI, 1.03–19.85). And 10 positive nodes or more indicated a high risk of lung metastasis (OR, 9.63; 95% CI, 2.65–35.02).ConclusionMacroscopic ENE could serve as a strong independent prognostic factor of lung metastasis in PTC. More attention should be paid to patients with ENE positive nodes during follow-up.

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Surgical treatment for anaplastic thyroid cancer

Archive of oncology ◽

10.2298/aoo0303186z ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 186-186

Author(s):

Vladan Zivaljevic ◽

Aleksandar Diklic ◽

Ksenija Krgovic ◽

Milena Kazic ◽

Nevena Kalezic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Histological Analysis ◽

Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽

Fine Needle Biopsy ◽

Endocrine Surgery ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Anaplastic Transformation ◽

Thyroid Goiter ◽

Male Patients

Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer is relatively rare but extremely aggressive neoplasm. The aim of the present paper was to study the possibility of surgery for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Methods: During 5-year period (from 1998 to 2002) in the Center for endocrine surgery, we found anaplastic thyroid cancer in 65 patients (44 female and 21 male patients) of median age 63 years (range: 37-88 years). Diagnosis was determined on the basis of histological analysis in operated patients or on cytology findings in case of patients who were not operated. Histological analysis confirmed anaplastic transformation of papillary thyroid cancer in 18 cases. Results In 50% patients we performed only fine needle biopsy, and in 37% patients operative biopsy or tumor reduction. We performed radical surgery hemithyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy, in 13% patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Thyroid goiter was present in 35% patients longer than a year before diagnosis of anaplastic cancer was made. Conclusion: Possibility of surgery for anaplastic thyroid cancer is very limited. In about one third of patients there were longstanding goiter or histological verified dedifferentiation of papillary thyroid cancer. These patients should have been operated before anaplastic transformation.

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Ultrasound features of extranodal extension in the metastatic cervical lymph nodes of papillary thyroid cancer: a case-control study

Cancer Biology and Medicine ◽

10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0092 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 171 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mu Jiali ◽

Liang Xiaofeng ◽

Li Fangxuan ◽

Liu Juntian ◽

Zhang Sheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽

Extranodal Extension ◽

Control Study ◽

Ultrasound Features

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Gender-Specific Variation in the Prognosis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer TNM Stages II to IV

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2012/379097 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sheng-Hwu Hsieh ◽

Szu-Tah Chen ◽

Chuen Hsueh ◽

Tzu-Chieh Chao ◽

Jen-Der Lin

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Cancer Recurrence ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Specific Variation ◽

Node Metastases ◽

Male Patients ◽

Gender Specific

To investigate the correlation between gender and the clinical presentation of papillary thyroid cancer and the long-term followup results, 435 patients who underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy were enrolled in this study. Among these papillary thyroid cancer patients, 12.2% showed lymph node metastases and a higher incidence of male patients in the N1b group. There were 65 from 316 female (20.6%) and 49 from 120 male (40.8%) patients who had a postoperative disease progression. A total of 55 (12.6%) patients died of thyroid cancer. Male patients showed a higher thyroid cancer mortality than the females. Multiple regression analysis showed that male gender was an independent risk factor for cancer recurrence and mortality. Male patients with TNM stages II to IV of papillary thyroid cancer need to adopt aggressive surgical and postoperative131I therapy.

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