scholarly journals Varicella Zoster Virus Induced Acute Retinal Necrosis Following Acute Meningoencephalitis in a Patient with Presumed COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiana Hassanpour ◽  
Faezeh Khorasanizadeh ◽  
Hamid Ahmadieh ◽  
Mahmood Nabavi ◽  
Narsis Daftarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Acute Retinal Necrosis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: To report the coincidence of acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARN) following acute meningoencephalitis and presumed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in an immunocompetent patient. Case presentation: A 58-year old female presented to our emergency department complaining of sudden unilateral visual loss following a recent hospitalization for a viral meningoencephalitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the aqueous humor, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the nasopharyngeal swab specimen, chest computed tomography (CT), and fundus photography were performed for the patient. Ophthalmic examination revealed severe ocular inflammation and yellowish patches of necrotizing retinitis in the right eye compatible with the diagnosis of ARN. The result of PCR on the aqueous humor was positive for VZV. The patient received one intravitreal ganciclovir injection and 10 days intravenous ganciclovir followed by oral acyclovir. The patient underwent COVID-19 screening tests; chest CT-scan showed the features highly suggestive for COVID-19 while the RT-PCR was negative two times. Two months later, BCVA reached 20/70 in the right eye. The anterior chamber reaction and KPs resolved and the vitreous haziness significantly decreased Conclusion: A case of VZV induced ARN following acute meningoencephalitis was observed in association with presumed COVID-19. This could be an incidental finding in the pandemic era of COVID-19; however, it could also suggest that COVID-19 might trigger ARN in cases having latent herpes family viruses.

scholarly journals Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by real time Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction assay in pleural effusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pleural Involvement

SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2) is a novel coronavirus identified for the first time in Wuhan (China) in 2019, responsible of the current pandemic infection known as Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19). Wide range of clinical presentation of COVD -19 has been observed, from asymptomatic carriers to ARDS. The common signs and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection include fever, fatigue, dry cough, and dyspnoea; the severity of the disease is due to the impairment of the respiratory function. The radiological findings include a large variety of lesions; bilateral interstitial pneumonia is the most concerning presentation of COVID-19. Pleural involvement has been described in a minority of cases: pleural thickening had been observed in 32% of cases whereas pleural effusion is uncommon being described in only 5%. Furthermore, pleural involvement has been significantly associated with a worse prognosis. Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), beyond the nasopharyngeal swab, has been detected in other samples; up to now, data about RT-PCR specific results in the pleural fluid of patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 5 (COVID-19) are very limited. The current gold standard for diagnosis is nucleic acid detection by real time Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) in nasopharyngeal swab. In this report, a case of a positive RT-PCR for Sars-Cov-2 in the pleura fluid and in the naso- pharyngeal swab of a patient affected by bilateral interstitial pneumonia and severe respiratory failure is described. As the presence of SARS-Cov-2 in the pleural fluid seems to be associated to a poor prognosis, physicians should carry out the specific RT-PCR assay both in the nasopharyngeal swab and in the pleural sample also when the fluid amount is very scarce and not recognizable in the chest X ray. Furthermore, the analysis of multiple samples allows to increase the test reliability.

scholarly journals High Resolution CHEST CT(HRCT) Evaluation in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maulin Patel ◽  
Junad Chowdhury ◽  
Matthew Zheng ◽  
Osheen Abramian ◽  
Steven Verga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractIntroductionCurrently the main diagnostic modality for COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease-2019) is reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) via nasopharyngeal swab which has high false negative rates. We evaluated the performance of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) imaging in the diagnosis of suspected COVID-19 infection compared to RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab alone in patients hospitalized for suspected COVID-19 infection.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 324 consecutive patients admitted to Temple University Hospital. All hospitalized patients who had RT-PCR testing and HRCT were included in the study. HRCTs were classified as Category 1, 2 or 3. Patients were then divided into four groups based on HRCT category and RT-PCR swab results for analysis.ResultsThe average age of patients was 59.4 (±15.2) years and 123 (38.9%) were female. Predominant ethnicity was African American 148 (46.11%). 161 patients tested positive by RT-PCR, while 41 tested positive by HRCT. 167 (52.02%) had category 1 scan, 63 (19.63%) had category 2 scan and 91 (28.35%) had category 3 HRCT scans. There was substantial agreement between our radiologists for HRCT classification (κ = 0.64). Sensitivity and specificity of HRCT classification system was 77.6 and 73.7 respectively. Ferritin, LDH, AST and ALT were higher in Group 1 and D-dimers levels was higher in Group 3; differences however were not statistically significant.ConclusionDue to its high infectivity and asymptomatic transmission, until a highly sensitive and specific COVID-19 test is developed, HRCT should be incorporated into the assessment of patients who are hospitalized with suspected COVID-19.Key PointsKey QuestionCan High Resolution CT chest (HRCT) improve diagnostic accuracy of current Nasopharyngeal swab in suspected COVID-19 patients?Bottom LineIn this retrospective analysis, our novel HRCT classification identified 20% of all COVID-19 patients who had negative nasopharyngeal reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests but had HRCT findings consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia. These patients were ruled out for other infections and laboratory markers were similar to other RT-PCR positive patientsWhy Read onOur new HRCT classification when combined with RT-PCR can improve diagnostic accuracy while promptly improving triaging in COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Performance of Oropharyngeal Swab Testing Compared With Nasopharyngeal Swab Testing for Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019—United States, January 2020–February 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monita R Patel ◽  
Darin Carroll ◽  
Emily Ussery ◽  
Hilary Whitham ◽  
Christopher A Elkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Among 146 nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swab pairs collected ≤7 days after illness onset, Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction assay for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR) diagnostic results were 95.2% concordant. However, NP swab cycle threshold values were lower (indicating more virus) in 66.7% of concordant-positive pairs, suggesting NP swabs may more accurately detect the amount of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Assessment of Coronavirus in the Conjunctival Tears in Pediatric Patients with Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection in Sohag Government, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Hany Mahmoud ◽  
Ahmed Radwan ◽  
Amr El Rashidy ◽  
Hesham M. Hefny ◽  
Amal H. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate coronavirus shedding in the tears of asymptomatic pediatric COVID-19 positive patients. Methods: A prospective interventional study that included a total of 145 pediatric asymptomatic COVID-19 patients hospitalized from 17th May 2020 to 16th July 2020 in Sohag Tropical Hospital. On admission, all of them were COVID-19 positive detected through nasopharyngeal swab. They were in intimate contact with positive symptomatic COVID-19 patients before testing and admission. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done for tears samples at an interval of 5 days after admission and twice before discharge. Results: Of the 145 asymptomatic pediatric COVID-19 positive patients, no one showed ocular or systemic manifestations. They were silent carriers. Ten were positive for tears sample on admission. They became negative for nasopharyngeal and tear samples before discharge. Conclusion: Pediatric positive COVID-19 patients can shed coronavirus through their tears. Even among asymptomatic patients, transmission through tears is possible.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF MOLECULAR AND SEROLOGICAL TESTS FOR SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 (SARS-COV-2) IN POST-EXPOSURE EMPLOYEES OF THE NEPHROLOGY DEPARTMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2572-2575
Author(s):  
Marlena Kwiatkowska ◽  
Inga Chomicka ◽  
Jolanta Malyszko
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Introduction: A novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 RNA, detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. It rapidly spread, at first in China, then resulting in an epidemic in other countries throughout the world. One of such controversial topics is the issue of diagnostics and interpretation of test for COVID-19. According to Polish and global guidelines, the basis for diagnosis is molecular testing – real-time reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Taking all these data into consideration, the aim of the study was to compare RT-PCR with serological test in our employees post-exposure. According to Polish and global guidelines, the basis for diagnosis is molecular testing, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The aim: To compare RT-PCR with serological test in our employees post-exposure. Material and methods: 79 employees of the Clinic, 19 men and 60 women in the age range 27-69 years were evaluated. Tests were begun four days after information about the positive test in our „Employee 0” and lasted for 7 days. At first, we made RT-PCR tests on the specimen from nasopharyngeal swab. Then, we accomplished rapid antibodies tests. This test is based on the qualitative assessment of the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies by immunochromatography using a sample of capillary blood from the fingertip. Results: All the tests were negative. No employee developed symptoms during the 7-day follow-up after the end of the tests. Conclusions: As routine tests for patients have been implemented widely, but similar solutions for employees have not gained popularity. Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) e.g. facemask and shields, transparent screens, disposable medical uniforms, minimalization the contact time, increasing distance from both colleagues and patients (if possible), and strictly follow sanitary procedures largely contributed to the absence of illness in the surveyed group of employees.

COVID-19 Reinfection in a Healthcare Worker; Is There a Definitive Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayyed Reza Ahmadi ◽  
Saeideh Anvari Ardakani ◽  
Navid Kalani ◽  
Seyed Reza Habibzadeh ◽  
Elnaz Vafadar Moradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Healthcare Worker ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test ◽  
First Admission

Introduction: While our knowledge is limited about COVID-19 immunity, recent cases of reinfection have raised concerns. Case presentation: Here, we report a case of COVID-19 reinfection after three months from recovery in a healthcare worker with negative IgM and IgG at the second infection and positive nasopharyngeal swab Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test despite being discharged with two negative RT-PCR tests at the first admission. Symptoms at first admission were fever, headache, sore throat, diarrhea, and vomiting and got changed to myalgia and anosmia. Conclusion: The strength of this case report is the long period (three months) between the infection and reinfection while other cases reported in literature were reinfected less than one month after their first infection.

1504: Molecular Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer Using Clusterin in Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 485-486
Author(s):  
Sabarinath B. Nair ◽  
Christodoulos Pipinikas ◽  
Roger Kirby ◽  
Nick Carter ◽  
Christiane Fenske
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus in environmental samples

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gajardo ◽  
R. M. Pintó ◽  
A. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Group A ◽  
Reaction Amplification ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is described that has been developed for the detection and serotyping of group A rotavirus in stool specimens and concentrated and non-concentrated sewage specimens.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction Results with Routine Blood Tests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Tschoellitsch ◽  
Martin Dünser ◽  
Carl Böck ◽  
Karin Schwarzbauer ◽  
Jens Meier
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Objective The diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory secretions, blood, or stool. Currently, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most commonly used method to test for SARS-CoV-2. Methods In this retrospective cohort analysis, we evaluated whether machine learning could exclude SARS-CoV-2 infection using routinely available laboratory values. A Random Forests algorithm with 1353 unique features was trained to predict the RT-PCR results. Results Out of 12,848 patients undergoing SARS-CoV-2 testing, routine blood tests were simultaneously performed in 1528 patients. The machine learning model could predict SARS-CoV-2 test results with an accuracy of 86% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. Conclusion Machine learning methods can reliably predict a negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test result using standard blood tests.

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