scholarly journals Detection of Diarrheagenic Pathogens in Improved Water Using PCR-Based Specific Techniques in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibabaw Tadesse Gemeda ◽  
Negasa Eshete Soboksa ◽  
Adey Feleke Desta ◽  
Sirak Robele Gari
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background: Effective application of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based methods in detecting pathogenic microorganisms in improved water samples were limited in low- and middle-income countries. This limitation initiated this systematic review to assess the effective characterization method that could be applied in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, the aim of this review and analysis is to pullout the available evidences in characterization of pathogenic microorganisms in improved drinking water that could be effectively applied in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We will search for published literatures using Google Scholar, PubMed or Medline, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases to explore the various PCR based methods recommended for the detection and enumeration of pathogens to examine quality of drinking water provided for communities. All studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries that use any types of PCR methods in water samples without publication date restriction were included in the review. The primary outcome of this study is assessing the magnitude of diarrheagenic pathogens detected in improved water supplies by PCR application in low- and middle-income countries. Critical appraisal will be conducted on all papers selected for inclusion in the review. The studies selected will be assessed by the reviewers for retrieval prior to inclusion in the review. Discussion: This review will systematically discover and integrate the evidence available on the detection of diarrheagenic pathogens through the application of PCR based methods for water quality determination. This facilitates water quality monitoring activities. In this review, information about the applied PCR method, detected diarrheagenic pathogens, water sample size, effectiveness in terms of time and cost, will be gathered and summarized. The findings from this review and analysis will provide compiled data on the magnitude of the detected diarrheagenic pathogenic microbes by type and amount in improved water supply through the application of PCR techniques in low- and middle-income countries. It is envisaged that the study will promote the application of PCR methods for drinking water quality monitoring in these low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Fecal Contamination of Drinking-Water in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e1001644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bain ◽  
Ryan Cronk ◽  
Jim Wright ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Tom Slaymaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Multiple water source use in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Daly ◽  
Jeremy Lowe ◽  
Gracie Hornsby ◽  
Angela Harris
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Source Use ◽  
Water Source Use ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract The Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) 2017 Update and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Baselines report classified 71% of the global population as having access to ‘safely managed’ drinking water. Current global monitoring efforts to track access to safely managed drinking water rely on collecting information on the ‘primary’ source of drinking water. However, there is evidence that households often rely on multiple sources to meet their water needs in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review was designed to compile the literature related to the practice of multiple water source use (MWSU) for drinking water in LMICs. A total of 5,318 studies were collected, and after abstract and full-text review, 74 articles were identified for inclusion. Studies reviewed reported from 4 to 100% of the study populations practicing MWSU. Additionally, the practice of supplemental unimproved source use was reported globally, representing households with improved primary source water also accessing unimproved water sources throughout the year. These findings expose gaps in current global water monitoring efforts, revealing potential inflation of reports of ‘safe drinking water access’ and unaccounted exposure to drinking water from unimproved sources.

Drinking water accessibility and quantity in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 (7) ◽  
pp. 1011-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Cassivi ◽  
Stephanie Guilherme ◽  
Robert Bain ◽  
Elizabeth Tilley ◽  
E. Owen D. Waygood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Water Accessibility ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Raspberry Pi-based smart sensing platform for drinking-water quality monitoring system: a Python framework approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punit Khatri ◽  
Karunesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Raj Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Sensing Platform ◽  
Development Data

Abstract. This paper proposes the development of a Raspberry Pi-based hardware platform for drinking-water quality monitoring. The selection of water quality parameters was made based on guidelines of the Central Pollution and Control Board (CPCB), New Delhi, India. A graphical user interface (GUI) was developed for providing an interactive human machine interface to the end user for ease of operation. The Python programming language was used for GUI development, data acquisition, and data analysis. Fuzzy computing techniques were employed for decision-making to categorize the water quality in different classes like “bad”, “poor”, “satisfactory”, “good”, and “excellent”. The system has been tested for various water samples from eight different locations, and the water quality was observed as being good, satisfactory, and poor for the measured water samples. Finally, the obtained results were compared with the benchmark for authentication.

scholarly journals PCR-based Detection of Diarrheagenic Pathogens in Improved Water Sources: a Scoping Review Protocol of the Evidence in Low- and Middle-income Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibabaw Tadesse Gemeda ◽  
Negasa Eshete Soboksa ◽  
Yonatal Mesfin Tefera ◽  
Adey Feleke Desta ◽  
Sirak Robele Gari
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background: Occurrence of diverse human enteric bacterial, viral and protozoal pathogens in drinking water samples because of fecal contamination is of increasing public health concern, particularly in developing counties. Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based methods in detecting microbial quality of water provides more accurate, sensitive and rapid outcomes over conventional methods of microbial identification and quantification. Therefore, exploring water quality outcomes generated through PCR based methods is important to better understand the status and monitor progress towards internationally set goals for low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this scoping review is to map the existing evidence on the magnitude and characteristics of diarrheagenic pathogens as detected by PCR-based methods in improved water sources within the context of low- and middle-income countries. Methods: This scoping review will be undertaken in line with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. We will consider studies from 2003 onwards that included PCR-based microbial water quality assessment of improved drinking water sources in low- and middle-income countries. The searches will be undertaken in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, JBI, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. A gray literature search will be conducted in Google and ProQuest. Discussion: This review will systematically discover and integrate the evidence available on the detection of diarrheagenic pathogens through the application of PCR based methods for water quality determination. In this review, information about the applied PCR method, detected diarrheagenic pathogens, water sample size, effectiveness in terms of time and cost, will be gathered and summarized. Diagrammatic and/or tabular presentation supported with a narrative synthesis will be used. The review will be reported according to a reporting guideline for scoping reviews: PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA ScR).

Methodological Approaches to Organization of Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Programs

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Novikova ◽  
I.O. Myasnikov ◽  
A.A. Kovshov ◽  
N.A. Tikhonova ◽  
N.S. Bashketova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Supply Systems

Summary. Introduction: Drinking water is one of the most important environmental factors sustaining life and determining human health. The goal of the Russian Federal Clean Water Project is to improve drinking water quality through upgrading of water treatment and supply systems using advanced technologies, including those developed by the military-industrial complex. The most informative and reliable sources of information for assessing drinking water quality are the results of systematic laboratory testing obtained within the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring (SGM) and production control carried out by water supply organizations. The objective of our study was to formulate approaches to organizing quality monitoring programs for centralized cold water supply systems. Materials and methods: We reviewed programs and results of drinking water quality laboratory tests performed by Rospotrebnadzor bodies and institutions within the framework of SGM in 2017–2018. Results: We established that drinking water quality monitoring in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation differs significantly in the number of monitoring points (566 in the Krasnoyarsk Krai vs 10 in Sevastopol) and measured indicators, especially sanitary and chemical ones (53 inorganic and organic substances in the Kemerovo Region vs one indicator in the Amur Region). Discussion: For a more complete and objective assessment of drinking water quality in centralized cold water supply systems, monitoring points should be organized at all stages of water supply with account for the coverage of the maximum number of people supplied with water from a particular network. Thus, the number of points in the distribution network should depend, inter alia, on the size of population served. In urban settlements with up to 10,000 inhabitants, for example, at least 4 points should be organized while in the cities with more than 3,000,000 inhabitants at least 80 points are necessary. We developed minimum mandatory lists of indicators and approaches to selecting priority indices to be monitored at all stages of drinking water supply.

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