The Pandemic Stressor Scale – Factorial Validity and Reliability of a Measure of Stressors During a Pandemic

Abstract Background: This study aimed to assess the factorial validity and reliability of the Pandemic Stressor Scale (PaSS), a new measure to assess the severity of distress for different stressors relevant during a pandemic or epidemic. Methods: The PaSS was administered in N = 2760 German participants. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract factors. The factor structure obtained in the German sample was examined in N = 1021 Austrian participants using confirmatory factor analysis. χ², RMSEA, SRMR, CFI, TLI were assessed as global goodness of fit indices for two models (Model 1: nine-factor model; Model 2: nine-factor model combined with a second-order general factor). We additionally assessed factor loadings, communalities, factor reliability, discriminant validity as local fit indices. Internal consistency, item discrimination, and item difficulty were assessed as additional test quality criteria.Results: The results of the exploratory factor analysis suggested a nine-factor solution with factor loadings accounting for 50.4% of the total variance (Factor 1 ‘Problems with Childcare’, Factor 2 ‘Work-related Problems’, Factor 3 ‘Restricted Face-to-Face Contact’, Factor 4 ‘Burden of Infection ‘, Factor 5 ‘Crisis Management and Communication’, Factor 6 ‘Difficult Housing Condition’, Factor 7 ‘Fear of Infection’, Factor 8 ‘Restricted Access to Resources’, Factor 9 ‘Restricted Activity’). The confirmatory factor analysis showed a sufficient global fit for both tested models (Model 1: χ² (369, N =1021) = 1443.28, p < .001, RMSEA = .053, SRMR = .055, CFI = .919, TLI = .904; Model 2: χ² (396, N = 1021) = 1948.51, p < .001, RMSEA = .062, SRMR = .074, CFI = .883, TLI = .871). The results of the chi-square difference test indicated a significantly better model-fit of Model 1 compared to Model 2 (∆χ² (27, N = 1021) = 505.23, p < .001). Local goodness of fit indices were comparable for both tested models. We found good factor reliabilities for all factors and moderate to large factor loadings of the items as indicators. In Model 2, four first-order factors showed small factor loadings on the second-order general factor. Conclusion: The Pandemic Stressor Scale showed sufficient factorial validity for the nine measured domains of stressors during the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Download Full-text

The Pandemic Coping Scale – Factorial Validity and Reliability of a Brief Measure of Coping During a Pandemic

10.21203/rs.3.rs-400361/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Annett Lotzin ◽

Ronja Ketelsen ◽

Sven Buth ◽

Linda Krause ◽

Ann-Kathrin Ozga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Factor Model ◽

General Factor ◽

Factorial Validity ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Factor Loadings ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Coping Scale

Abstract Background: This study aimed to assess the factorial validity and reliability of the Pandemic Coping Scale, a new brief measure of coping behavior in response to the stressors of a pandemic. Methods: The scale was administered to N = 2,316 German participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. An exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis were applied among two random splits of the sample. The global goodness of fit (χ², RMSEA, SRMR, CFI, TLI), the local goodness of fit (factor loadings, communalities, factor reliability, discriminant validity), and test quality criteria (internal consistency, item discrimination, and difficulty) were evaluated for two models (Model 1: four-factor model; Model 2: four-factor model combined with a second-order general factor). Results: The exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor solution with factor loadings accounting for 44.6% of the total variance (Factor 1 ‘Healthy Lifestyle’, Factor 2 ‘Joyful Activities’, Factor 3 ‘Daily Structure’, Factor 4 ‘Prevention Adherence’). The confirmatory factor analysis showed a sufficient global fit for both specified models (Model 1: χ² (59, N =1172) = 366.97, p < .001, RMSEA = .067, SRMR = .043, CFI = .926, TLI = .902; Model 2: χ² (61, N = 1172) = 373.33, p < .001, RMSEA = .066, SRMR = .043, CFI = .925, TLI = .904). Model 1 and Model 2 did not significantly differ in their fit to the data (∆χ² (2, N = 1172) = 6.36, p = .042). Local goodness of fit indices were similar for both models and mostly showed moderate to large factor loadings, and good factor reliabilities except for ‘Prevention Adherence’. Conclusion: The Pandemic Coping Scale showed sufficient factorial validity for the four measured dimensions of coping and reliability for the scales except for ‘Prevention Adherence’ to assess coping during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The ‘Prevention Adherence’ subscale might be improved by adding items with higher item difficulties.

Download Full-text

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Long and Short Forms of the Worry Domains Questionnaire

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759.25.4.239 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 239-243

Author(s):

Roberto Nuevo ◽

Andrés Losada ◽

María Márquez-González ◽

Cecilia Peñacoba

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Factorial Validity ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Short Forms ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Future Work

The Worry Domains Questionnaire was proposed as a measure of both pathological and nonpathological worry, and assesses the frequency of worrying about five different domains: relationships, lack of confidence, aimless future, work, and financial. The present study analyzed the factor structure of the long and short forms of the WDQ (WDQ and WDQ-SF, respectively) through confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 262 students (M age = 21.8; SD = 2.6; 86.3% females). While the goodness-of-fit indices did not provide support for the WDQ, good fit indices were found for the WDQ-SF. Furthermore, no source of misspecification was identified, thus, supporting the factorial validity of the WDQ-SF scale. Significant positive correlations between the WDQ-SF and its subscales with worry (PSWQ), anxiety (STAI-T), and depression (BDI) were found. The internal consistency was good for the total scale and for the subscales. This work provides support for the use of the WDQ-SF, and potential uses for research and clinical purposes are discussed.

Download Full-text

Maladaptive and Adaptive Cognitions About the Self and Others: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Brief Core Schemas Scales

Psychological Reports ◽

10.1177/00332941211063602 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 003329412110636

Author(s):

Bruno Faustino

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Factor Model ◽

Well Being ◽

The Self ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Portuguese Population ◽

Dysfunctional Cognitions ◽

Confirmatory Factor

The presence of dysfunctional cognitions about how individuals see themselves and others is a hallmark of psychopathology. The Brief Core Schemas Scale (BCSS) was developed to evaluate adaptive and dysfunctional beliefs about the self and others. This study describes the first psychometric analysis of the BCSS in the Portuguese population. Participants were recruited from community ( N = 320, Mage=27.31, DP = 12.75). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the BCSS factorial structure. Four-factor model revealed moderate to adequate goodness-of-fit indices (χ2/df = 717.1, (246) p = .01; SRMR = .044; RMSEA = .077; CFI/TLI < .90). Negative views of the self and others correlated positively with early maladaptive schemas, distress, and symptomatology and correlated negatively with psychological well-being. An inversed correlational pattern was found with the positive views of the self and others. Despite the model's moderate adherence to the data, results suggest that the BCSS may be an asset in the assessment of dysfunctional and adaptive cognitions about the self and others. Further analysis is required to deepen the psychometric properties of the BCSS in the Portuguese population.

Download Full-text

Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing Job-Related Stress in Japanese Psychiatric Nurses

Nursing Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2015/805162 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hironori Yada ◽

Xi Lu ◽

Hisamitsu Omori ◽

Hiroshi Abe ◽

Hisae Matsuo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Factor Model ◽

Psychiatric Nurses ◽

Factor Loadings ◽

Related Stress ◽

Job Stressor ◽

Job Related Stress ◽

Stressor Scale

This study explored the factor structure of psychiatric nurses’ job-related stress and examined the specificity of the related stressors using the job stressor scale of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ). The stressor scale of the BJSQ was administered to 296 nurses and assistant nurses. Answers were examined statistically. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify factor structures; two factors (overload and job environment) were valid. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the two-factor structure and found 11 items with factor loadings of >0.40 (model 1), 13 items with factor loadings from 0.30 to <0.40 (model 2), and 17 items with factor loadings from 0.20 to <0.30 (model 3) for one factor; model 1 demonstrated the highest goodness of fit. Then, we observed that the two-factor structure (model 1) showed a higher goodness of fit than the original six-factor structure. This differed from subscales based on general workers’ job-related stressors, suggesting that the factor structure of psychiatric nurses’ job-related stressors is specific. Further steps may be necessary to reduce job-related stress specifically related to overload including attention to many needs of patients and job environment including complex ethical dilemmas in psychiatric nursing.

Download Full-text

EXPLORATORY AND CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF PERCEIVED SELF-EFFICACIES AMONG TEACHERS STUDENTS AT FACULTY OF EDUCATION, HELWAN UNIVERSITY, EGYPT: FROM BANDURA’S THEORY TO PROPOSED MODEL

European Journal of Special Education Research ◽

10.46827/ejse.v7i1.3566 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dina Samir Sayed Ali Mekky ◽

Mohamed Atef Mohamed Mohamed El- Badrama

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

University Students ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Teaching Staff ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Faculty Of Education

The purpose of this study is to examine the validity and reliability of perceived self-efficacies questionnaire (PSE) which is designed for university students at faculty of education. A total of 472 students participated, selected by using cluster random sampling. In order to examine the construct validity of the PSE, Quantitative data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using SPSS 23 and AMOS 23. EFA revealed similar structures from prior research and the present study. The CFA approach verified the questionnaire of perceived self-efficacies was satisfactory for university students’ context. This work concludes the perceived self-efficacies of university students have a nine-factor structure: Planning perceived self-efficacy, Moral and emotional perceived self-efficacy, Social leadership perceived self-efficacy, Academic perceived self-efficacy, Reading perceived self-efficacy, Technology perceived self-efficacy, Research perceived self-efficacy, Motivated perceived self-efficacy and Creative perceived self-efficacy. The goodness of fit indices values shows good fit for self-efficacies with nine factors. According to these findings, the PSE is appropriate for researchers or teaching staff whose aim is to measure his/her students perceived self-efficacies beliefs. Article visualizations:<img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0770/a.php" alt="Hit counter" />

Download Full-text

Evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de la versión en español del Children’s Depression Inventory-Short en población peruana

Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica ◽

10.5944/rppc.26211 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

José Ventura-León ◽

Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez ◽

Shirley Tocto-Muñoz ◽

Maryuri Torres-Maldonado ◽

Karen Curahua-Guillén

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Children's Depression Inventory ◽

Children’S Depression Inventory ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

Children’S Depression ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Two Factors

Evidence of validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Children’s Depression Inventory-Short in Peruvian population Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the validity evidence of the Children’s Depression Inventory-Short (CDI-S; Kovacs, 1992), in Peruvian school children. A total of 1059 children between 7 and 12 years old participated (Mean = 9.73, SD = 1.23). The results revealed the existence of two factors related to strong loads in the exploratory factor analysis, which were corroborated by confirmatory factor analysis with good goodness-of-fit indices (CFI ≥ .97, RMSEA ≤ .04). The reliability of the CDI-S, calculated with the internal consistency method, was good in both factors (ω > .80). We conclude that the CDI-S is a valid and reliable measure in Peruvian children and should be interpreted as a test with two factors (Dysphoria and Negative self-esteem), which is consistent with previous empirical and theoretical studies. Keywords: Validation; reliability; depression; children. Resumen: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de la versión en español del Children’s Depression Inventory-Short (CDI-S, Kovacs, 1992), en población peruana. Participaron 1059 niños y niñas entre 7 y 12 años (Media = 9.73, DT = 1.23). Los resultados revelaron la existencia de dos factores relacionados con cargas fuertes enel análisis factorial exploratorio, los cuales fueron corroborados mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio con buenos índices de bondad de ajuste (CFI ≥ .97, RMSEA ≤ .04). La fiabilidad del CDI-S, calculada con el método de consistencia interna, fue buena en los dos factores (ω > .80). Se concluye que el CDI-S es una medida valida y fiable en niños peruanos y debe ser interpretada como una prueba con dos factores (Disforia y Autoestima negativa), lo cual es coherente con estudios empíricos y teóricos previos. Palabras clave: Validación; fiabilidad; depresión; niños.

Download Full-text

Validation of the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale with female Hebrew-speaking students

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology ◽

10.1177/2043808720974341 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 204380872097434

Author(s):

Yosi Yaffe

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Factor Model ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

Impostor Phenomenon ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Impostor Feelings ◽

Model Subject

The Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) is a measure widely used to assess individuals’ self-perceptions of intellectual and professional fraudulence. The study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Hebrew form for the CIPS (HCIPS) in female Hebrew-speaking students, in an attempt to further clarify its structure and strengthen its validity in international settings. The study comprised a sample of 248 female students ( M age = 27.74, SD = 7.32), who completed an online version of the questionnaire. Our results generally demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties of the HCIPS total scale, with its internal consistency, reliability, and item-total-correlations meeting the standard criteria. The exploratory factor analysis yielded a stable four-factor solution for the 19-items, with its factors accounting for 54.81% of the model’s variance. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor model as compatible, with its fit-indices meeting the minimal standards of goodness of fit. The study’s findings are the first to identify a four-factor model, which improves the imbalanced factorial composition characterizing the common three-factor model. Subject to the study’s limitations, this evidence suggests that the HCIPS is a sound instrument for assessing impostor feelings among female Hebrew-speaking students.

Download Full-text

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Computer Hassles Scale

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1998.83.3.883 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 83 (3) ◽

pp. 883-890

Author(s):

Richard A. Hudiburg

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Factor Model ◽

A Priori ◽

Latent Structure ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Normative Database ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Best Fit

The objective of this research was to determine the latent structure of the Computer Hassles Scale using confirmatory factor analysis. This study employed a normative database of 1199 student computer users. Both a priori and a posteriori latent structure models were tested using LISREL. The analyses did not support a latent structure of the scale based on the scale's original two-factor definition. Using various goodness-of-fit indices, a four-factor model was the best fit.

Download Full-text

Principals’ Decision-Making Practices at Public Degree Colleges Sindh: Teachers’ Perceptions

Review of Economics and Development Studies ◽

10.26710/reads.v5i4.597 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Riaz Hussain ◽

Shams Hamid ◽

Imtiaz Arif

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Fit Indices ◽

College Culture ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Teachers Perceptions ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Teachers And Students ◽

The Impact

This study investigates the impact of principal’s commitment on the power, college culture, and college effectiveness in decision-making practices at public degree colleges of Sindh and to determine the effect of participative decision-making to improve the overall performance of teachers and students. The sample comprising n=646 (n=426 (66%) male and n=220 (34%) female) teachers was randomly selected from amongst 122 colleges out of 244 public degree colleges of Sindh. The principal’s decision-making practices were measured through four latent well-established constructs, which include principal’s commitment, principal’s power, college culture, and college effectiveness. This study is quantitative in nature wherein the researcher used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to estimate the validity and reliability of the measurement or outer model through SPSS version 19 and AMOS statistical software. However, the model fitness was ensured with the help of seven frequently reported goodness of fit indices. Results revealed that there is a statistically significant impact of principals’ commitment on power as sig. value is .000, there is a statistically significant impact of principals’ power on college culture as sig. value is .035 and there is a statistically significant impact of college culture on college effectiveness as sig. value is .007 in decision-making practices at public degree colleges of Sindh. Future studies may ascertain the impact of principal’s power and commitment on the college effectiveness using college culture as mediator in participatory decision-making practices in the context of Pakistan.

Download Full-text

Reconsidering the Conditions for Conducting Confirmatory Factor Analysis

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/sjp.2020.56 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Ondé ◽

Jesús M. Alvarado

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Sample Size ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Factor Model ◽

Stable Solution ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Monte Carlo Simulation Study ◽

Factor Loadings ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Abstract There is a series of conventions governing how Confirmatory Factor Analysis gets applied, from minimum sample size to the number of items representing each factor, to estimation of factor loadings so they may be interpreted. In their implementation, these rules sometimes lead to unjustified decisions, because they sideline important questions about a model’s practical significance and validity. Conducting a Monte Carlo simulation study, the present research shows the compensatory effects of sample size, number of items, and strength of factor loadings on the stability of parameter estimation when Confirmatory Factor Analysis is conducted. The results point to various scenarios in which bad decisions are easy to make and not detectable through goodness of fit evaluation. In light of the findings, these authors alert researchers to the possible consequences of arbitrary rule following while validating factor models. Before applying the rules, we recommend that the applied researcher conduct their own simulation studies, to determine what conditions would guarantee a stable solution for the particular factor model in question.

Download Full-text