The Relationship between Job Stressors and Organizational Change Among Academic Staff at Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Cawangan Kelaantan.

Change usually occurs when an organization replaces its management, technological change or product diversification, et cetera. However, organizational change can increase work stress levels, and employees need to cope with new and old stressors. This research emphasizes the factors of job stressors, such as role overload, role ambiguity, unprofitability, poor peer-relation, and strenuous working conditions. The purpose of this research was to identify the relationship between job stressors and organizational change among academic staff at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Kelantan (Machang Campus) and to identify the most affected job stressor during the organizational change. The research was non-experimental which was categorized by correlation. Quantitative data was collected using a questionnaire contained three separate sections and was distributed to 155 academic staff at UiTM Cawangan Kelantan (Machang Campus). The reliability analysis was conducted and the Cronbach Alpha value ranged from 0.529 to 0.852. Pearson Correlation was used to examine the relationship between job stressors and organizational change, and it was found that all variables of job stressors had a significant relationship with organizational change except for unprofitability. It was also found that the most affected job stressor during organizational change was poor peer-relation. The researchers hope that this study would educate employees regarding factors affecting job stressors towards organizational change. Keywords: Organizational change, role overload, role ambiguity, unprofitability, poor peer-relation, strenuous working conditions.

682Do job stressor—mental health relationships vary by migrant status? An Australian comparative analysis

Background Migrants may be more likely to experience occupational health inequities (OHIs) than native-born workers due to higher occupational exposure, higher vulnerability to exposure-associated health impacts, or both. This study explores migrant status-related differences in vulnerability to job stressor exposures in terms of mental health in Australia. Methods Data were from wave 14 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. Migrant status was defined by country of birth (COB), the dominant language of COB, and the years since arrival in Australia. Job stressors included skill discretion, decision authority, and job insecurity. Mental health was assessed using the Mental Health Inventory-5 score (MHI-5). Data were analysed using linear regression, adjusting for gender, age, and education. Migrant status was analysed as the effect modifier of job stressor—mental health relationships. Results As expected, skill discretion and decision authority were positively, while job insecurity was negatively associated with the MHI-5 score. However, there was no statistical evidence of migrant status acting as an effect modifier of job stressor—mental health relationships even though the dominant language of COB and years since arrival in Australia have been taken into account. Conclusions The magnitudes of job stressor—mental health relationships do not differ between migrant workers and Australia-born workers. Key messages Differential exposure rather than differential vulnerability is a more important mechanism for generating occupational mental health inequities between migrants and Australian-born workers. Reducing job stressor exposures could reduce the OHIs among migrant workers in Australia.

Educational and Employment Outcomes among Young Australians with a History of Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Cohort Study

The aim of this study was to investigate whether depressive symptoms reported during adolescence are associated with subsequent educational and employment outcomes, including whether experiences of depressive symptoms in adolescence are associated with higher exposures to adverse psychosocial job stressors among those who were employed in emerging adulthood. We used data from the Victorian arm of the International Youth Development Study (IYDS). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to model the association of depressive symptoms reported in 2002 (wave one) and/or 2003 (wave two) and self-reported completion of compulsory secondary schooling, employment status, and exposure to a number of psychosocial job stressors roughly a decade later (i.e., at wave three in 2014). In fully adjusted models, reporting high depressive symptoms at waves one or two (odds ratio (OR) 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55 to 0.92), as well as at both waves (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.75) were associated with a reduced likelihood of completing secondary schooling by wave three. High depressive symptoms reported at multiple waves were also associated with a reduced likelihood of employment (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.66). Amongst those employed at wave three (n = 2091; 72.5%), adolescent depressive symptoms were associated only with workplace incivility. Psychosocial job stressor exposures should be considered in the design and selection of jobs for young workers with a history of depressive symptoms in order to increase employment participation and sustainability for young people experiencing symptoms of depression.

English rural policing: job stress and psychological distress

PurposeJob stressor exposure is associated with mental health in police officers. Police stress research rarely draws a distinction between urban and rural policing, raising the possibility that stressors specific to the rural context remain unidentified and their implications unknown. This may hinder actions to protect the mental health of those involved in policing rural communities.Design/methodology/approachAmong rural policing teams in an English county police force this study used an exploratory sequential mixed method design to (1) identify and quantify exposure to rural policing stressors and (2) examine links between job stressor exposure and psychological distress.FindingsInterviews (N = 34) identified three rural policing job stressor themes: (1) job demands, (2) isolation and (3) critical decisions. Survey data (N = 229) indicated significant differences in exposure by rank to demand and critical decision stressors, with police community support officers (PCSOs) reporting lower exposure than officers of constable and sergeant rank. Overall, 44% of respondents reported symptoms of psychological distress indicative of likely minor psychiatric disorder; higher levels of psychological distress were associated with higher stressor exposure across all three job stressor themes for PCSOs and constables and within the job demand theme for sergeants.Originality/valueFindings point towards practical actions focussed on resource provision for officers and a research strategy to ameliorate the impact of stressors in English rural policing.

PERAN JOB DEMANDS DAN JOB RESOURCES TERHADAP WORK-FAMILY ENRICHMENT PADA GURU DI SEKOLAH X

The teacher plays two main roles in his life, namely the role in work and in the family. The implementation of these two roles does not always cause conflict, but can improve the quality of life of teachers. Teacher job conflicts are closely related to job demand and job resources. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to see how the role of job demands and job resources on work-family enrichment in teachers. Work-family enrichment is enrichment obtained from individual experiences at work towards the welfare of family life, or vice versa. Job demands are defined as identical job demands with various pressures on the job (job stressor). Examples of job demands on teachers are the number of students who exceed the capacity in the classroom, the addition of subject matter outside of the teacher's interest / competence, the demand to adjust science to the times. Job resources are physical, social, and organizational aspects that serve as support or resources to achieve work goals. With the existence of job resources, job demands can be resolved. Psychologically, solving work demands based on available resources will stimulate the individual to grow and develop personally, in this case the personal growth of the individual has implications for increasing his welfare in working / family life. Participants in this study were 43 teachers in School X. Analysis of research results using multiple regression showed that job demands and job resources together played a role in predicting an increase in work-family enrichment by 12.5%. The implication of the results of this study is that various demands on work supported by resources at work can improve welfare in working life / family life. Guru menjalankan dua peran utama dalam kehidupannya yaitu peran di pekerjaan dan keluarga. Menjalankan dua peran tersebut tidak selalu menimbulkan konflik, namun justru bisa meningkatkan kualitas hidup guru. Konflik pekerjaan guru sangat berhubungan dengan job demand dan job resources. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melihat bagaimana peran job demands dan job resources terhadap work-family enrichment pada guru. Work-family enrichment merupakan pengayaan yang diperoleh dari pengalaman-pengalaman individu di pekerjaan terhadap kesejahteraan kehidupan berkeluarga, atau sebaliknya. Job demands didefinisikan sebagai tuntutan-tuntutan pekerjaan yang indentik dengan berbagai tekanan dalam pekerjaan (job stressor). Contoh dari job demands pada guru adalah jumlah siswa yang melebihi kapasitas di dalam kelas, penambahan materi pelajaran di luar minat/kompetensi guru, tuntutan untuk menyesuaikan ilmu pengetahuan dengan perkembangan zaman. Job resources adalah aspek-aspek fisik, sosial, maupun organisasi yang berfungsi sebagai pendukung atau sumber daya untuk mencapai tujuan pekerjaan. Dengan adanya job resources maka job demands dapat terselesaikan. Secara psikologis, penyelesaian job demands berdasarkan job resources yang dimiliki akan menstimulasi individu untuk bertumbuh dan berkembang secara personal, dalam hal ini pertumbuhan personal yang dimiliki individu berimplikasi pada work-family enrichment. Partisipan pada penelitian ini adalah guru yang berjumlah 43 orang di Sekolah X. Analisis hasil penelitian yang menggunakan multiple regression menunjukan bahwa job demands dan job resources bersama-sama berperan memprediksi peningkatan work-family enrichment sebesar 12,5%. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini bahwa berbagai tuntutan dalam pekerjaan yang di dukung dengan sumber daya dalam pekerjaan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan dalam kehidupan berkerja dan berkeluarga.

The Relationship between Core Competence, Job Stressor and Depression in Chinese Specialist Nurses

Background To this day, the professional training for Specialist Nurse have covered 9 directions in Anhui, China. This paper aims to determine the association of socio-demographic variables, core competence,job stressor and depression in Chinese specialist nurses. Methods 302 specialist nurses in Anhui province participated in this descriptive correlation study, all data were collected through questionnaire survey including Socio-demographic and Professional Information surveys, Competency Inventory for Registered Nurse, Chinese Nursing Stressor Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale. Results The total score range of core competence was 57–210(2.53 ± 0.50).The total score of job stressors was 43–123(88.05 ± 12.69). Specialist nurses had more job stressors than general clinical nurses in dimensions of professional and career issues, workload and time pressure, interpersonal relationships and management issues (P < 0.05), but they had less job stressors than norm in dimension of resource and environmental problems(P < 0.05). The range of total scores in SDS for specialist nurses was 26–95 (47.80 ± 10.59). Conclusion There were significant relationships between core competence, job stressor and depression. This finding highlights potential foci in their joint consideration to improve competitiveness of specialist nurses. Implications for Practice: The status of the core competence, job stressors and depression of Chinese specialist nurses is presented to the global clinical community. This paper provides intervention direction to increase the core competence of specialist.

Differential Exposure to Job Stressors: A Comparative Analysis Between Migrant and Australia-Born Workers

Aims Previous studies have suggested that migrants have higher exposures to psychosocial job stressors than native-born workers. We explored migrant status-related differences in skill discretion/job complexity and decision authority, and whether the differences varied by gender, age, and educational attainment. Methods Data were from Wave 14 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. A total number of 9031 persons were included in the analysis. Outcomes included skill discretion/job complexity and decision authority. Exposure included migrant status defined by (i) country of birth (COB), (ii) the combination of COB and English/Non-English dominant language of COB, and (iii) the combination of COB and years since arrival in Australia. Data were analysed using linear regression, adjusting for gender, age, and educational attainment. These covariates were also analysed as effect modifiers of the relationship between migrant status and job stressor exposure. Results In the unadjusted analysis, only migrant workers from Non-English-speaking countries (Non-ESC-born) had significantly lower skill discretion and job complexity than Australia-born workers (−0.29, 95% CI: −0.56; −0.01); however, results from fully adjusted models showed that all migrant groups, except migrant workers from Main-English-speaking countries, had significantly lower skill discretion and job complexity than Australia-born workers (overseas-born workers, −0.59, 95% CI: −0.79; −0.38; Non-ESC-born, −1.01, 95% CI: −1.27; −0.75; migrant workers who had arrived ≤5 years ago, −1.33, 95% CI: −1.94; −0.72; arrived 6–10 years ago, −0.92, 95% CI: −1.46; −0.39; and arrived ≥11 years ago, −0.45, 95% CI: −0.67; −0.22). On the contrary, the unadjusted model showed that migrant workers had higher decision authority than Australia-born workers, whereas in the fully adjusted model, no difference in decision authority was found between migrant workers and Australia-born workers. Effect modification results showed that as educational attainment increased, differences in skill discretion and job complexity between Australia-born workers and Non-ESC-born migrants progressively increased; whereas Non-ESC-born migrants with postgraduate degree showed significantly lower decision authority than Australia-born workers. Conclusions This study suggests that skill discretion and job complexity but not decision authority is associated with migrant status. Migrants with high educational attainment from Non-English-speaking countries appear to be most affected by lower skill discretion/job complexity and decision authority; however, differences in skill discretion and job complexity attenuate over time for Non-ESC-born migrants, consistent with an acculturation effect. Low skill discretion and job complexity, to the extent that it overlaps with underemployment, may adversely affect migrant workers’ well-being. Targeted language skill support could facilitate migrant integration into the Australian labour market.