Development of Stressor Scale for Obese People

Present study was conducted to develop and validate an Indigenous scale to assess the stressors experienced by obese people in different domains of their lives. Mixed method design and purposive sampling technique was used. A list of 29 items was generated after thorough review of the literature and from the details of the interviews conducted with the participants. Validation from expert clinical psychologists was obtained. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with oblimin rotation was run on a sample of 300 participants for current study. Confirmatory factor analysis on a separate sample of 400 participants yielded a good model fit and validated three-factor structure with fit indices ? 2 = 807.45 (df = 320, N = 300), p < .05, RMSEA = .062, CFI = .91 and TLI = .88. The Cronbach alpha valuewas.86 indicating strong internal consistency of the scale. The distress and Well-being subscales of Mental Health Inventory were utilized to assess the convergent and divergent Validity which yielded positive and negative correlation respectively affirming Stressor Scale for Obese people as a valid construct. The study is an initial step to highlight and understand the stressors experienced by obese people and its severity level. This will help doctors and mental health professional to devise effective management of obesity.

Parental Stress, Depression, and Participation in Care Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Observational Study in an Italian Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Background: Recent studies reported, during the COVID-19 pandemic, increased mental distress among the general population and among women around the childbirth period. COVID-19 pandemic may undermine the vulnerable well-being of parents in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs).Objective: Our study aimed to explore whether parental stress, depression, and participation in care in an Italian NICU changed significantly over three periods: pre-pandemic (T0), low (T1), and high COVID-19 incidence (T2).Methods: Enrolled parents were assessed with the Parental Stressor Scale in the NICU (PSS:NICU), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Index of Parental Participation (IPP). Stress was the study primary outcome. A sample of 108 parents, 34 for each time period, was estimated to be adequate to detect a difference in PSS:NICU stress occurrence level score (SOL) of 1.25 points between time periods. To estimate score differences among the three study periods a non-parametric analysis was performed. Correlation among scores was assessed with Spearman rank coefficient.Results: Overall, 152 parents were included in the study (62 in T0, 56 in T1, and 34 in T2). No significant differences in the median PSS:NICU, EPDS, and IPP scores were observed over the three periods, except for a slight increase in the PSS:NICU parental role sub-score in T2 (T0 3.3 [2.3–4.1] vs. T2 3.9 [3.1–4.3]; p = 0.038). In particular, the question regarding the separation from the infant resulted the most stressful aspect during T2 (T0 4.0 [4.0–5.0] vs. T2 5.0 [4.0–5.0], p = 0.008). The correlation between participation and stress scores (r = 0.19–022), and between participation and depression scores (r = 0.27) were weak, while among depression and stress, a moderate positive correlation was found (r = 0.45–0.48).Conclusions: This study suggests that parental stress and depression may be contained during the COVID-19 pandemic, while participation may be ensured.

EFFECT OF CBT ON DEPRESSION AMONG PARENTS WITH CHILDREN UNDERGOING COMPLEX CONGENITAL HEART SURGERY & PROLONG ICU STAY

Background: Mothers whose children are born with complex congenital heart disease (CCHD) experience stress during their children’s hospitalization in a cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). Method: This descriptive correlational study included 30 biological mothers of childrens admitted to a PICU who had undergone cardiac surgery for CCHD. Maternal and children demographics and responses to the Parental Stressor Scale: children Hospitalization and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were collected. Results: The association between hospital stay and depression was found significant. Conclusions: Parents feel more stress when the child admission duration is more. Keywords: PICU., CCHD

The Pandemic Stressor Scale – Factorial Validity and Reliability of a Measure of Stressors During a Pandemic

Background: This study aimed to assess the factorial validity and reliability of the Pandemic Stressor Scale (PaSS), a new measure to assess the severity of distress for different stressors relevant during a pandemic or epidemic. Methods: The PaSS was administered in N = 2760 German participants. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract factors. The factor structure obtained in the German sample was examined in N = 1021 Austrian participants using confirmatory factor analysis. χ², RMSEA, SRMR, CFI, TLI were assessed as global goodness of fit indices for two models (Model 1: nine-factor model; Model 2: nine-factor model combined with a second-order general factor). We additionally assessed factor loadings, communalities, factor reliability, discriminant validity as local fit indices. Internal consistency, item discrimination, and item difficulty were assessed as additional test quality criteria.Results: The results of the exploratory factor analysis suggested a nine-factor solution with factor loadings accounting for 50.4% of the total variance (Factor 1 ‘Problems with Childcare’, Factor 2 ‘Work-related Problems’, Factor 3 ‘Restricted Face-to-Face Contact’, Factor 4 ‘Burden of Infection ‘, Factor 5 ‘Crisis Management and Communication’, Factor 6 ‘Difficult Housing Condition’, Factor 7 ‘Fear of Infection’, Factor 8 ‘Restricted Access to Resources’, Factor 9 ‘Restricted Activity’). The confirmatory factor analysis showed a sufficient global fit for both tested models (Model 1: χ² (369, N =1021) = 1443.28, p < .001, RMSEA = .053, SRMR = .055, CFI = .919, TLI = .904; Model 2: χ² (396, N = 1021) = 1948.51, p < .001, RMSEA = .062, SRMR = .074, CFI = .883, TLI = .871). The results of the chi-square difference test indicated a significantly better model-fit of Model 1 compared to Model 2 (∆χ² (27, N = 1021) = 505.23, p < .001). Local goodness of fit indices were comparable for both tested models. We found good factor reliabilities for all factors and moderate to large factor loadings of the items as indicators. In Model 2, four first-order factors showed small factor loadings on the second-order general factor. Conclusion: The Pandemic Stressor Scale showed sufficient factorial validity for the nine measured domains of stressors during the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Stres akademik sebagai mediator antara kesiapan belajar dan kepuasan mahasiswa terhadap proses belajar daring

The learning and teaching process has been transformed into an online learning system due to COVID-19, which affected lecturer and university students. This research investigates students online learning satisfaction amid COVID-19 by focusing on online learning readiness and academic stress toward online learning satisfaction. Approximately 276 bachelor’s students (Mage = 20.36, SD = 2.47) hired using the accidental sampling technique participated in this study from public and private universities. The data was collected using Learner Readiness for Online Learning (? = .89), Student Satisfaction with Online Learning (? = .90), and Stressor Scale for College Student (? = .85) that has been modified into an online setting and translated into Bahasa. The results showed that academic stress partially mediated the relationship between online learning readiness and online learning satisfaction in bachelor students. It is shown that academic stress significantly affected online learning satisfaction, besides online learning readiness. Further theoretical and practical implications of this research are discussed.Keywords: academic stress; online learning readiness, online learning satisfaction, university students. AbstrakKondisi pandemik COVID-19 memaksa sistem pendidikan untuk beralih dari proses belajar tatap muka menjadi belajar daring (online), yang berdampak pada pengajar maupun siswa dari jenjang pendidikan dasar hingga perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kepuasan mahasiswa terhadap proses belajar daring, dengan melihat peranan kesiapan belajar daring dan stres yang dirasakan akibat dari proses belajar tersebut. Penelitian ini melibatkan 276 mahasiswa S1 (Musia = 20.36, SD = 2.47) dari berbagai perguruan tinggi negeri dan swasta yang direkrut dengan metode accidental sampling. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan alat ukur Learner Readiness for Online Learning (? = .89), Student Satisfaction with Online Learning (? = .90), dan Stressor Scale for College Student(? = .85) yang dimodifikasi agar sesuai dengan konteks belajar daring dan diadaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stres akademik secara parsial berperan menjadi mediator dalam hubungan antara kesiapan dan kepuasan belajar daring. Hal ini menjukkan selain kesiapan belajar daring, stres akademik merupakan variabel penting yang dapat mempengaruhi kepuasan belajar daring. Implikasi teoritis dan praktis dari penelitian ini, dibahas lebih lanjut dalam diskusi hasil penelitian.Kata kunci: kepuasan belajar daring; kesiapan belajar daring; mahasiswa, stress akademik.

The COVID-19 Family Stressor Scale: Validation and Measurement Invariance in Female and Male Caregivers

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised significant concerns regarding the effect of social disruptions on parental mental health, family well-being, and children's adjustment. Due to the pace of the pandemic, measures of pandemic-related disruption have not been subject to rigorous empirical validation. To address this gap, a multi-national sample (United Kingdom, 76%; United States, 19%; Canada, 4%, and Australia, 1%) of 372 female caregivers and 158 male caregivers of 5–18-year-old children was recruited online. Participants completed a survey including a 25-item scale indexing disruption in finances, basic needs, personal and family welfare, career/education, household responsibilities, and family relationships related to the pandemic. An exploratory factor analysis yielded an optimal three-factor solution: factors included Income Stress (five items related to income, debt, and job loss; loadings ranged from 0.57 to 0.91), Family Stress (seven items related to family altercations and child management; loadings from 0.57 to 0.87), and Chaos Stress (four items related to access to supplies, crowded shopping areas, news coverage; loadings from 0.53 to 0.70). Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated measurement invariance of each factor across female and male caregivers, indicating that factor structure, loadings, and thresholds were equivalent across groups. Composites reflective of each factor were computed, and Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that female caregivers consistently scored higher than male caregivers on COVID-19 stressors related to income, family, and chaos. Finally, concurrent validity was demonstrated by significant bivariate correlations between each scale and caregiver, family, and child outcomes, respectively. This demonstrates the validity of the COVID-19 Family Stressor Scale for use with female and male caregivers in family-based research. The current sample was predominantly White-European, married/common-law, and had at least some post-secondary education. Additional sampling and validation efforts are required across diverse ethnic/racial and socioeconomic groups.

The COVID-19 Family Stressor Scale: Validation and Measurement Invariance in Female and Male Caregivers

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised significant concerns regarding the effect of social disruptions on parental mental health, family well-being, and children’s adjustment. Due to the pace of the pandemic, measures of pandemic-related disruption have not been subject to rigorous empirical validation. To address this gap, a multi-national sample (United Kingdom, 76%; United States, 19%; Canada, 4%, and Australia, 1%) of 372 female caregivers and 158 male caregivers of 5-18 year-old children was recruited online. Participants completed a survey including a 25-item scale indexing disruption in finances, basic needs, personal and family welfare, career/education, household responsibilities, and family relationships related to the pandemic. An exploratory factor analysis yielded an optimal three-factor solution: factors included Income Stress (5 items related to income, debt, and job loss; loadings ranged from .57 to .91), Family Stress (7 items related to family altercations and child management; loadings from .57 to .87), and Chaos Stress (4 items related to access to supplies, crowded shopping areas, news coverage; loadings from .53 to .70). Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated measurement invariance of each factor across female and male caregivers, indicating that factor structure, loadings, and thresholds were equivalent across groups. Composites reflective of each factor were computed, and paired samples t-tests showed that female caregivers consistently report higher levels of COVID-19 stress related to income, family, and chaos compared to male caregivers. Finally, concurrent validity was demonstrated by significant bivariate correlations between each scale and indicators of parental and child mental health and family relationships. This demonstrates validity of the COVID-19 Family Stressor Scale for use with female and male caregivers in family-based research. The current sample was predominantly White-European. Additional sampling and validation efforts are required in order to provide adequate description of racialized and minority communities at disproportionate risk of social consequences related to the pandemic.

Investigation of Stress Situation of Pediatric Nurses and Corresponding Changes of Intestinal Flora

BACKGROUND: Sequencing the stool samples to explore the relationship between intestinal flora and the stressor of nurses. METHODS: The research take the pediatric nurses in the Third Xiangya Hospital as the research group and the internal medicine nurses as the control group. Use the "Chinese Nurse Stressor Scale"(CNSS) for general investigation and stress-related assessment. 6 in internal medicine group and 7 in pediatric group to conduct cell sequencing of intestinal flora. Gut microbiome was profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS: The work stressors of internal medicine and pediatric nurses includes nursing specialty and work (10.94±3.17 vs 12.25±2.78), work environment and resources (4.91±1.63 vs 5.66±2.03), patient care (15.86±4.30 vs 18.95±5.12) and management and interpersonal relationship (8.83±4.94 vs 10.86±5.01). The results were statistically different (P < 0.05). The abundance of Clostridia in internal medicine group is higher, while the abundance of Bacteroidia in pediatric group is higher. The abundance of γ-proteobacteria and β-proteobacteria also have obvious differences between two groups.CONCLUSIONS: The overall stress score of the pediatric nurse group was higher, with their stool samples having more abundance of Bacteroidia, but Clostridia, γ-Proteobacteria and β-Proteobacteria are fewer than that in internal medicine nurses.