scholarly journals The Evolving Battle Between Yellow Rust and Wheat: Implications for Global Food Security

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bouvet ◽  
Sarah Holdgate ◽  
Lucy James ◽  
Jane Thomas ◽  
Ian J. Mackay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Yellow Rust Resistance ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Important Disease

Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a global commodity, and its production is a key component underpinning worldwide food security. Yellow rust, also known as stripe rust, is a wheat disease caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), and results in yield losses in most wheat growing areas. Recently, the rapid global spread of genetically diverse sexually derived Pst races, which have now largely replaced the previous clonally propagated slowly evolving endemic populations, has resulted in further challenges for the protection of global wheat yields. However, advances in the application of genomics approaches, in both the host and pathogen, combined with classical genetic approaches, pathogen and disease monitoring, provide resources to help increase the rate of genetic gain for yellow rust resistance via wheat breeding while reducing the carbon footprint of the crop. Here we review key elements in the evolving battle between the pathogen and host, with a focus on solutions to help protect future wheat production from this globally important disease.

scholarly journals The evolving battle between yellow rust and wheat: implications for global food security

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bouvet ◽  
Sarah Holdgate ◽  
Lucy James ◽  
Jane Thomas ◽  
Ian J. Mackay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Yellow Rust Resistance ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Important Disease

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a global commodity, and its production is a key component underpinning worldwide food security. Yellow rust, also known as stripe rust, is a wheat disease caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici (Pst), and results in yield losses in most wheat growing areas. Recently, the rapid global spread of genetically diverse sexually derived Pst races, which have now largely replaced the previous clonally propagated slowly evolving endemic populations, has resulted in further challenges for the protection of global wheat yields. However, advances in the application of genomics approaches, in both the host and pathogen, combined with classical genetic approaches, pathogen and disease monitoring, provide resources to help increase the rate of genetic gain for yellow rust resistance via wheat breeding while reducing the carbon footprint of the crop. Here we review key elements in the evolving battle between the pathogen and host, with a focus on solutions to help protect future wheat production from this globally important disease.

scholarly journals Recent Trends in Drought, Heat and Frost-Induced Yield Losses Across the Australian Wheatbelt

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Ababaei ◽  
Karine Chenu
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Food Demand ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Global Food

While global food demand is projected to grow by 50–80% by 2050, Australia is expected to continue its significant contribution to global food security. [...]

scholarly journals Global food insecurity. Treatment of major food crops with elevated carbon dioxide or ozone under large-scale fully open-air conditions suggests recent models may have overestimated future yields

2005 ◽  
Vol 360 (1463) ◽  
pp. 2011-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P Long ◽  
Elizabeth A Ainsworth ◽  
Andrew D.B Leakey ◽  
Patrick B Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Global Food

Predictions of yield for the globe's major grain and legume arable crops suggest that, with a moderate temperature increase, production may increase in the temperate zone, but decline in the tropics. In total, global food supply may show little change. This security comes from inclusion of the direct effect of rising carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration, [CO 2 ], which significantly stimulates yield by decreasing photorespiration in C 3 crops and transpiration in all crops. Evidence for a large response to [CO 2 ] is largely based on studies made within chambers at small scales, which would be considered unacceptable for standard agronomic trials of new cultivars or agrochemicals. Yet, predictions of the globe's future food security are based on such inadequate information. Free-Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE) technology now allows investigation of the effects of rising [CO 2 ] and ozone on field crops under fully open-air conditions at an agronomic scale. Experiments with rice, wheat, maize and soybean show smaller increases in yield than anticipated from studies in chambers. Experiments with increased ozone show large yield losses (20%), which are not accounted for in projections of global food security. These findings suggest that current projections of global food security are overoptimistic. The fertilization effect of CO 2 is less than that used in many models, while rising ozone will cause large yield losses in the Northern Hemisphere. Unfortunately, FACE studies have been limited in geographical extent and interactive effects of CO 2 , ozone and temperature have yet to be studied. Without more extensive study of the effects of these changes at an agronomic scale in the open air, our ever-more sophisticated models will continue to have feet of clay.

Substantial genetic yield gap estimated for wheat in Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Semenov ◽  
Nimai Senapati
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Global Food

<p>Improving yield potential and closing the yield gap are important to achieve global food security. Europe is the largest wheat producer, delivering about 35% of wheat globally, but European wheat's yield potential from genetic improvements is as yet unknown. We estimated wheat ‘genetic yield potential’, i.e. the yield of optimal or ideal genotypes in a target environment, across major wheat growing regions in Europe by designing in silico ideotypes. These ideotypes were optimised for current climatic conditions and based on optimal physiology, constrained by available genetic variation in target traits. A ‘genetic yield gap’ in a location was estimated as the difference between the yield potential of the optimal ideotype compared with a current, well-adapted cultivar. A large mean genetic yield potential (11–13 t ha−1) and genetic yield gap (3.5–5.2 t ha−1) were estimated under rainfed conditions in Europe. In other words, despite intensive wheat breeding efforts, current local cultivars were found to be far from their optimum, meaning that a large genetic yield gap still exists in European wheat. Heat and drought tolerance around flowering, optimal canopy structure and phenology, improved root water uptake and reduced leaf senescence under drought were identified as key traits for improvement. Closing this unexploited genetic yield gap in Europe through crop improvements and genetic adaptations could contribute towards global food security.</p>

GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY AMID THE GLOBAL CRISIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
P. M. TARANOV ◽  
◽  
A. S. PANASYUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Food Problem ◽  
Supply Problem ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Food Security Indicators ◽  
Security Indicators ◽  
Global Food

The authors assess the prospects for solving the global food problem based on an analysis of the dynamics of food security indicators at the global and regional levels. The global food problem at work refers to the growing population of a planet affected by hunger and other forms of malnutrition. The food security situation has worsened for five years - in 2015–2019, and the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the food supply problem. The prevalence of moderate to severe food insecurity has affected more than 25% of the world's population. In lowincome countries, malnutrition affects more than 58% of the population. Food security is threatened by the consequences of the spread of coronavirus infection in the short term. In the medium and long term, climate change and the crisis in the governance of the world economy are the greatest threats. Modern international economic institutions are unable to withstand the prospect of declining global food security.

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