yellow rust resistance
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2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
V. Gupta ◽  
◽  
M. Kumar ◽  
V. Singh ◽  
R.N. Sheokand ◽  
...  

Aim: To screen wheat populations derived from cross DBW17 × WH1105 for loci imparting yellow rust resistance and selection of plants using polymorphic SSRs. Methodology: The study for yellow rust resistance was carried out on two populations, i.e., BC1F2 and BC2F2. Stress was provided by planting infector rows between the blocks and by artificial inoculation using a mixture of races 46S102, 47S103 and 78S84 of stripe rust pathogen. DNA isolated from young leaves was checked for the presence of yellow rust resistance genes using gene specific primers. Results: Fifteen primers were found to be polymorphic among parents DBW17 and WH1105. Fifteen polymorphic SSR markers were dispersed over the wheat genome (AABBDD), with allele range 2-5. These polymorphic SSR markers were used to produce molecular diversity among progeny lines. Cluster analysis of parents and both the populations, showed that two parents were diverse genetically and in both backcrosses progeny lines resembled their respective recurrent parent. Single marker analysis using data revealed that primers on nine chromosomes were associated with grain yield per plant, other yield attributes and yellow rust resistance in both populations. Interpretation: This study showed that a linked marker like Xgwm582 could be a promising tool for breeding wheat with enhanced tolerance to yellow rust resistance. However, growth rates and biomass production provide reliable criteria for assessing the degree of yellow rust resistance and the ability of a plant to withstand it.


Author(s):  
Laura Bouvet ◽  
Sarah Holdgate ◽  
Lucy James ◽  
Jane Thomas ◽  
Ian J. Mackay ◽  
...  

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a global commodity, and its production is a key component underpinning worldwide food security. Yellow rust, also known as stripe rust, is a wheat disease caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici (Pst), and results in yield losses in most wheat growing areas. Recently, the rapid global spread of genetically diverse sexually derived Pst races, which have now largely replaced the previous clonally propagated slowly evolving endemic populations, has resulted in further challenges for the protection of global wheat yields. However, advances in the application of genomics approaches, in both the host and pathogen, combined with classical genetic approaches, pathogen and disease monitoring, provide resources to help increase the rate of genetic gain for yellow rust resistance via wheat breeding while reducing the carbon footprint of the crop. Here we review key elements in the evolving battle between the pathogen and host, with a focus on solutions to help protect future wheat production from this globally important disease.


Author(s):  
Asghar MN ◽  
◽  
Bajwa AA ◽  
Ali A ◽  
Muhammad A ◽  
...  

Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) catalyses the undesirable browning of wheat products which is of significant concern in consumer acceptance perspectives. Another important yield-limiting cause for wheat crops is wheat rust (e.g., yellow rust), a source of great economic loss worldwide. The purpose of the current research was to screen conventional and synthetic bread wheat genotypes for their PPO activity and yellow rust resistance. Different genotypes differed significantly in total PPO activity and in their activities against different substrates (L-DOPA and Catechol). The synthetically derived bread wheat genotypes 1-279, showed the lowest (39.2 units/min/g) cumulative PPO activity. Ten genotypes each with the highest and lowest PPO activities were selected for testing their association with seven reported molecular markers. Intriguingly the PPO markers reported in literature could not clearly differentiate between contrasting cultivars. Association with yellow rust resistance was also investigated. Interestingly, the rust-resistant genotypes, including 1-263, Ch-43, 1-57 and Emat (all synthetic-derived), exhibited low PPO activity. The current study underpins that there is a need to search for more reliable PPO markers and to further validate association of low PPO activity with yellow rust.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bouvet ◽  
Sarah Holdgate ◽  
Lucy James ◽  
Jane Thomas ◽  
Ian J. Mackay ◽  
...  

Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a global commodity, and its production is a key component underpinning worldwide food security. Yellow rust, also known as stripe rust, is a wheat disease caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), and results in yield losses in most wheat growing areas. Recently, the rapid global spread of genetically diverse sexually derived Pst races, which have now largely replaced the previous clonally propagated slowly evolving endemic populations, has resulted in further challenges for the protection of global wheat yields. However, advances in the application of genomics approaches, in both the host and pathogen, combined with classical genetic approaches, pathogen and disease monitoring, provide resources to help increase the rate of genetic gain for yellow rust resistance via wheat breeding while reducing the carbon footprint of the crop. Here we review key elements in the evolving battle between the pathogen and host, with a focus on solutions to help protect future wheat production from this globally important disease.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0243675
Author(s):  
Sisay Kidane Alemu ◽  
Ayele Badebo Huluka ◽  
Kassahun Tesfaye ◽  
Teklehaimanot Haileselassie ◽  
Cristobal Uauy

Durum wheat is an important cereal grown in Ethiopia, a country which is also its center for genetic diversity. Yellow (stripe) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis fsp tritici is one of the most devastating diseases threatening Ethiopian wheat production. To identify sources of genetic resistance and combat this pathogen, we conducted a genome wide association study of yellow rust resistance on 300 durum wheat accessions comprising 261 landraces and 39 cultivars. The accessions were evaluated for their field resistance using a modified Cobb scale at Meraro, Kulumsa and Chefe Donsa in the 2015 and 2016 main growing seasons. Analysis of the 35K Axiom Array genotyping data of the panel resulted in a total of 8,797 polymorphic SNPs of which 7,093 were used in subsequent analyses. Population structure analysis suggested two groups in which the cultivars clearly stood out separately from the landraces. Eleven SNPs significantly associated with yellow rust resistance were identified on four chromosomes (1A, 1B, 2B, and 5A) which defined at least five genomic loci. Six of the SNPs were consistently identified on chromosome 1B singly at each and combined overall environments which explained 62.6–64.0% of the phenotypic variation (R2). Resistant allele frequency ranged from 14.0–71.0%; Zooming in to the identified resistance loci revealed the presence of disease resistance related genes involved in the plant defense system such as the ABC transporter gene family, disease resistance protein RPM1 (NBS-LRR class), Receptor kinases and Protein kinases. This study has provided SNPs for tracking the loci associated with yellow rust resistance and a diversity panel which can be used for association study of other agriculturally important traits in durum wheat.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tariq-Khan ◽  
Muhammad T. Younas ◽  
Javed I. Mirza ◽  
Shahid I. Awan ◽  
Muhammad Jameel ◽  
...  

Yellow rust is caused by Pst (Puccinia striiformis tritici), the most devastating wheat disease with continuous challenge of emerging virulences breaking vertical resistance worldwide resulting in epidemics. Vertical resistance genes incorporation is sustainable, economical and environment-friendly approach to control rust diseases. Wheat landraces (WLR) acquired vertical resistance through long time exposure of host pathogen survival competition in specific area having unique agronomic traits, genetic base and resistance against biotic and abiotic agents can be exploitable commodity for future food production. Fifty Pakistani WLRs already with known vertical resistance were screened against 7 potential Pakistani Pst races at seedling stage under glasshouse conditions to postulate resistance genes. Resistance magnitude was compared among the landraces. Six genes Yr1, Yr8, Yr9, Yr43, Yr44, and YrTr1 were successfully postulated either singly or in combination along with unidentified genes in 45 landraces. Pakistani Pst races are avirulent to Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24, Yr32, YrSp and YrTye. Most frequently postulated genes are Yr44 found in 22 genotypes, YrTr1 in 21, Yr9 in 19, Yr43 in 18, Yr8 and Yr1 in 14 wheat landraces. Multiple Yr gene pyramiding was observed in (B-74, B-281, B-530) with the presence of Yr8, Yr9, Yr43, Yr44, and YrTr1 and single gene were postulated from 12 genotypes. WLRs (B-03, B-158, B-160, B-171) reaction was immune showing presence of novel Yr genes. Study provides information regarding yellow rust resistance genes originated independently against localized Pst races with desirable agronomic traits since long and can be option for food security in changing environmental challenges.


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