scholarly journals The Ideal Insulin Resistance Index for c\Cardiovascular Risk Discrimination in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taoreed Adegoke Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
The Mean

Abstract BackgroundThis study was aimed at determining the correlation between insulin resistance indices and atherogenic index as well as determining the ability of the indices to discriminate between low and high cardiovascular risk in diabetic individuals. The study involved 70 participants. Ethical approval was granted by the institution review board. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipid profile were analyzed for each participant. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), homeostatic mode assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), fasting glucose insulin ratio (FGIR), fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI), McAuley’s index and Raynauld’s index were calculated using the appropriate formulae. Pearson’s correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were done.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 53.34 ± 9.57 years. Males were 50%. The mean duration of type 2 diabetes in the participants was 6.29 ± 2.78 years. Each index had a strong and significant correlation with fasting plasma insulin (p<0.001). Using AIP as a marker of cardiovascular risk, 14.3% had intermediate/high risk. Among the indices, only McAuley’s index showed a statistically significant negative correlation with AIP (r= -0.453;p<0.001). None of the indices could reliably discriminate between low and intermediate/high cardiovascular risk.ConclusionThe studied indices could not predict cardiovascular risk despite their usefulness as insulin resistance markers. Further studies are needed to identify an ideal insulin resistance index that can also predict cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Effects of vitamin K2 supplementation on atherogenic status of individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rahimi Sakak ◽  
Nazanin Moslehi ◽  
Hengameh Abdi ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Vitamin K2 ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Daily Intakes

Abstract Background This study was aimed to examine the effects of vitamin K2 supplementation on atherogenic status, assessed by insulin resistance (IR)-related indexes, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods In this double-blind, controlled trial, 68 patients with T2DM on the oral glucose-lowering medications were randomly allocated into two groups receiving daily intakes of 360 μg MK-7 or placebo for 12 weeks. Eight different IR-related indexes were calculated at the baseline and end of the trial. Results At the end of the study, atherogenic coefficient (mean ± SD: − 0.21 ± 0.45 vs. 0.02 ± 0.43; p = 0.043), triglyceride-glucose index (8.88 ± 0.55 vs. 9.23 ± 0.69; p = 0.029), and atherogenic index of plasma (0.37 ± 0.27 vs. 0.51 ± 0.24; p = 0.031) were significantly lower in the vitamin K2 group, compared to the placebo. However, after accounting for their baseline values, the differences were no more significant. No significant differences were observed in Castelli’s Ӏ and ӀӀ risk indexes, the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein combine index, and the metabolic score for insulin resistance index between the two groups at the end of the study. Conclusions Daily intakes of 360 μg vitamin K2 in the form of MK-7 for 12 weeks could not improve the IR-related indexes of Cardiovascular Diseases risk. Trial registration The trial was registered on Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials registry (Trial ID. IRCT20190824044592N1) on 22 December 2019. The record can be found at https://en.irct.ir/trial/41728.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the intestinal flora in patients with peripheral neuropathy associated with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052093680
Author(s):  
Yayun Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Ye ◽  
Dafa Ding ◽  
Yibing Lu
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index

Objective To study the characteristics of the intestinal flora in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and analyze the association between the intestinal flora and clinical indicators. Methods We classified 80 subjects into three groups: patients with DPN (n = 45), patients type 2 diabetes without DPN (n = 21), and healthy controls (n = 14). The intestinal flora composition was compared among the three groups, and the correlation between the intestinal flora and clinical indicators was analyzed. Results At the phylum level, the richness of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria was elevated in the DN group, and that of Bacteroidetes was decreased. At the genus level, the richness of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium was significantly decreased in the DPN group, whereas that of Escherichia- Shigella, Lachnoclostridium, Blautia, Megasphaera, and Ruminococcus torques group was increased. The homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index was positively correlated with Megasphaera richness. Glycine ursodeoxycholic acid was positively correlated with Ruminococcus gnavus group and Phascolarctobacterium richness. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid was positively correlated with Ruminococcus gnavus group and Parabacteroides richness. Conclusion There was obvious intestinal microbiota disorder in patients with DPN, which may be related to insulin resistance. These changes may have important roles in the development of DPN.

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Association Between Insulin Resistance Index and AAA Diameter

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. e511
Author(s):  
Fabien Lareyre ◽  
Claudine Moratal ◽  
Elamine Zereg ◽  
Joseph Carboni ◽  
Patricia Panaïa-Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

scholarly journals Ketone Bodies Are Mildly Elevated in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Are Inversely Associated with Insulin Resistance as Measured by the Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Garcia ◽  
Irina Shalaurova ◽  
Steven P. Matyus ◽  
David N. Oskardmay ◽  
James D. Otvos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index

Background: Quantifying mildly elevated ketone bodies is clinically and pathophysiologically relevant, especially in the context of disease states as well as for monitoring of various diets and exercise regimens. As an alternative assay for measuring ketone bodies in the clinical laboratory, a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based test was developed for quantification of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), acetoacetate (AcAc) and acetone. Methods: The ketone body assay was evaluated for precision, linearity and stability and method comparisons were performed. In addition, plasma ketone bodies were measured in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS, n = 1198; 373 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects). Results: β-HB and AcAc quantified using NMR and mass spectrometry and acetone quantified using NMR and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were highly correlated (R2 = 0.996, 0.994, and 0.994 for β-HB, AcAc, acetone, respectively). Coefficients of variation (%CVs) for intra- and inter-assay precision ranged from 1.3% to 9.3%, 3.1% to 7.7%, and 3.8% to 9.1%, for β-HB, AcAc and acetone, respectively. In the IRAS, ketone bodies were elevated in subjects with T2DM versus non-diabetic individuals (p = 0.011 to ≤0.001). Age- and sex-adjusted multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that total ketone bodies and β-HB were associated directly with free fatty acids (FFAs) and T2DM and inversely with triglycerides and insulin resistance as measured by the Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index. Conclusions: Concentrations of the three main ketone bodies can be determined by NMR with good clinical performance, are elevated in T2DM and are inversely associated with triglycerides and insulin resistance.

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