Efficacy and Safety of Shexiang Baoxin Pill for Coronary Heart Disease after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Objective. Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP) is a licensed Chinese herbal pharmaceutical that has been widely accustomed to treat coronary heart disease (CHD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study points to systematically assess the efficacy and security of the combination of SBP with conventional western medicine in the treatment of CHD after PCI. Methods. Databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SINOMED were searched to collect RCTs on SBP in CHD after PCI before July 2021. Review Manager 5.3 was used to analyze the data. The Cochrane Collaboration Bias Risk Tool is used to assess the quality of methods. Results. A total of 19 eligible trials of 2022 patients with CHD after PCI were finally included. The results of the aggregate evidence showed that, compared with routine western medicine treatment alone, the combination of SBP with conventional treatment trial groups could significantly reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) of the patients (RR = 0.38, 95% CI (0.29, 0.51), P < 0.00001 ). SBP also significantly enhanced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (MD = 4.00, 95% CI (3.42, 4.58), P < 0.00001 ) and lessened N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) levels (MD = −167.18, 95% CI (−174.80, −159.57), P < 0.00001 ). In addition, the inflammatory mediators and blood lipid index in the experimental group after the combined therapy were also mediated ( P < 0.05 ). Moreover, SBP did not increase the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment. The results of subgroup analysis illustrated that the length of the intervention course might be the source of the heterogeneity of NT-pro-BNP and hs-CRP. Conclusion. SBP could demonstrate a beneficial role in patients with CHD after PCI of reducing the incidence of MACE and improving LVEF, NT-pro-BNP, inflammatory mediators, and blood lipid index. However, limited by the quantity and quality of eligible studies, the above conclusions required more standardized, rigorous, high-quality clinical trials to verify further.

Atherogenic Index Profile on Ischemic Stroke Patients at Neurology Department, Dr. Soetomo Surabaya: A Retrospective Study

Stroke was associated with morbidity and mortality in the world. Lipid index discovered through lipid profile tests may be used as a predictor in vascular diseases. To increase the prediction value of lipid profile to stroke outcome, several lipoprotein ratios, called atherogenic index, were still being researched. Atherogenic indexes included Atherogenic index of plasma, Castelli Risk Index I and II, atherogenic coefficient, and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The aim of this study is to find atherogenic index profile as a marker for atherogenicity on acute ischemic stroke patients at Neurology Department Dr. Soetomo hospital from January-September 2019. This is a retrospective descriptive of 65 patients on stroke registry. Data collected including low and high AIP level on 19, 46 patients, respectively; low CRI I on 22 patients and high CRI I on 43 patients; low CRI II from 31 patients and high CRI II from 34 patients; low and high AC on 9 and 56 patients, respectively; also, low NHC on 21 patients and high NHC on 44 patients. Poor outcome on outpatient was identified in 30 patients (NIHSS >7). This study indicates most ischemic stroke patients have high atherogenic index level. Analysis on the differences between lipid index and NIHSS poor outcome revealed AC and NHC level were significant with p = 0,031, CI 8,593 (1,007 – 73,319) and p = 0,01, CI 9,529 (2,435 – 37,3), respectively. Keywords: atherogenic index, ischemic stroke, NIHSS.

Quantitative Parameters of the Body Composition Influencing Host Seeking Behavior of Ixodes ricinus Adults

Ixodes ricinus, a hematophagous arthropod species with great medical importance in the northern hemisphere, is characterized by an ability to survive prolonged periods of starvation, a wide host spectrum, and high vector competence. The aim of the present study was to determine the quantitative parameters of questing I. ricinus ticks collected in eastern Poland during the spring peak of their activity. The study consisted in the determination of quantitative parameters characterizing I. ricinus females and males, i.e., fresh body mass, reduced body mass, lipid-free body mass, water mass, and lipid mass and calculation of the lipid index. A statistically significant difference was observed between the mean values of the lipid index in females collected during the first and last ten days of May, which indicates the progressive utilization of reserve materials in the activity period. Higher activity of I. ricinus female ticks was observed during the last ten days of May despite the less favorable weather conditions, indicating their strong determination in host-seeking behaviors accompanying a decline in the lipid content and the use of the “now or never” strategy.

Fatty Acid-Related Health Lipid Index of Raw and Fried Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fish Muscle

Fried food consumption is popular in most parts of the world including Ethiopia. Among many fried products available in Ethiopia, fried fish is most commonly consumed in Hawassa Town due to the easy access to the fish from the lake. Recently, there is growing concern among fryers to recycle the oil while frying fish. However, there is limited evidence about the frying effect on the fatty-acid-related health lipid index of fried fish. Thus, the study was aimed to determine the fatty acid profile and the fatty-acid-related health lipid of raw and fried fish. Raw and fried fish were taken from the Hawassa open fish market. Fatty acid profiles were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GCMS), and the health lipid index was determined by calculation using the recommended formula. JMP pro 13 version software was used for data analysis. Our result showed that raw fish had a high amount of essential fatty acid, nutritive value index, hypocholesterolemic ratio, and peroxidizability index. In contrary to this, the fried fish had a high amount of trans-fatty acids, nonessential fatty acids, atherogenic index, and thrombogenic index. In conclusion, the fried fish loses its fatty-acid-related nutritional quality in uncontrolled frying conditions. Therefore, frying needs to be controlled, as it risks human health otherwise.

The features of lipid metabolism in steers of Hereford breed when fed feed protein additive Biovitel

The big interest of the feed protein additive Biovitel has been triggered the recipe of which was developed at the Department of feeding, animal hygiene, technology of production and processing of agricultural products of the South Ural State Agrarian University. It has been created on the basis of crushed adipose layer of cattle skin with the addition of micro- and macronutrients, and vitamins. The purpose of the research was to study the lipid metabolism indicators in steers of Hereford breed against the background of the use of the feed protein additive Biovitel. In order to achieve this purpose two groups of steers-analogs of Hereford breed per 10 heads in each at the age of 6 months have been formed. The duration of the experiment was 22 days of the preparatory period and 275 days of the main period. The 1st group of steers have been as a control, the 2nd group of steers have received the feed protein additive Biovitel for 30 days with a 10-day interval. The dose of the feed protein additive for 1 head was 100 g/day – once. The animals have been received the additive at the age of 6 and 12 months. It has been found as the result of the research that the feed protein additive Biovitel affects the body of young animals, increasing the concentration of total lipids and reducing the lipid index by the end of the fattening period of steers of Hereford breed to 0,49, while the control group of steers had the lipid index of 0,52. In this regard, we can recommend this feed protein additive to agricultural enterprises engaged in fattening young cattle.

P5366Eicosapentaenoic acid therapy is associated with decreased coronary plaque instability assessed using optical frequency domain imaging

Background The relationship between eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) therapy and coronary plaque stability assessed by optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) has not been thoroughly described. Hypothesis EPA therapy is associated with decreased plaque instability in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using OFDI. Methods Data on coronary artery plaques from 121 patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome or stable angina who consecutively underwent PCI between October 2015 and July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Of these patients, 109 were untreated (no-EPA group), whereas 12 were treated with EPA (EPA group). Each plaque's morphological characteristics were analyzed using OFDI. Results We used 1:4 propensity score matching for patients who received or did not receive EPA therapy before PCI. Baseline characteristics were balanced between both groups (age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, smoking, previous PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting, previous myocardial infarction, prior statin use, acute coronary syndrome, hemoglobin A1c level, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, triglyceride concentration, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration). The EPA group had significantly lower mean lipid index (818±806 vs. 1,574±891) and macrophage grade (13.5±5.9 vs. 19.3±7.4) but higher mean minimum fibrous cap thickness (109.2±55.7 vs. 81.6±36.4 μm) than the no-EPA group (P=0.010, 0.019, and 0.040, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that prior EPA use was independently associated with lower lipid index and macrophage grade (P=0.043 and 0.024, respectively). Conclusion This OFDI analysis suggests that EPA therapy is associated with decreased plaque instability in patients undergoing PCI. Acknowledgement/Funding None