scholarly journals Plantations on Forest Gaps and Edges Disturbs the Ecology of Threatened Understory Flora: A Case of Critically Endangered Gentiana Kurroo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aabid Hussain Mir ◽  
Sumira Tyub ◽  
Irfan Rashid ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Mehraj Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Understory Species ◽  
Forest Gaps ◽  
Gentiana Kurroo

Abstract Background: Within biodiversity hotspots, forest habitats have been disproportionately reduced and conservation efforts are insufficient, making restoration ventures extremely important. However, the impacts of restoration efforts on native threatened understory biodiversity residing in forest gaps and open edges have been seldom investigated. The current study attempts to fill this knowledge gap by investigating the ecology of a critically endangered understory plant namely Gentiana kurroo, across different successional stages of forest plantations including, open grassland (OG), 3-5-year-old plantation (YP), 5-15-year-old plantation (OP) and a mature forest (MF).Results: The highest population of the species was observed in OG, followed by YP, OP and MF. The regeneration was blocked by the plantation as evidenced by a ‘poor’ status in MF and OP, ‘fair’ at the YP and was ‘good’ only at OG. With an increase in canopy openness, the number of regenerating individuals increased, indicating the negative effect of the closed canopy on regeneration. The ordination projections show that the species density responds negatively with the stand basal area of the woody layer, litter depth, and tree density, but responds positively with soil organic carbon, available phosphorus, and reduction in the plantation. Conclusion: The present study suggests that plantations are more likely to benefit when established on degraded land rather than a replacement of the natural ecosystems, though those systems were initially forested or not. The results have significant implications in designing forest restoration programs, particularly on sites with a high diversity of threatened understory species. Thus, we propose that the forest restoration projects should be designed in a way that favours sensitive understory species without compromising the supply of timber and other non-timber forest products.

Forestry practices and biodiversity, with particular reference to the Maritime Provinces of eastern Canada

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Freedman ◽  
Stephen Woodley ◽  
Judy Loo
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Levels Of Organization ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Forest Industries ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

The Canadian forest industries are based on the extensive harvesting and management of forests, with attendant effects on biodiversity at all levels of organization. In large part, conflicts between forestry and biodiversity occur because lands that are harvested and managed are mostly natural and seminatural ecosystems. Prior to being affected by forestry, such lands provided habitat for native species of wild life and their communities. Some of these elements of biodiversity may not find silvicultural habitats, especially plantations, to be suitable to their needs. In addition, the longer term integrity of some natural ecosystems, for example old-growth forests, is not compatible with any but the softest types of exploitation and management. This report discusses interactions of forestry and biodiversity at three levels of organization: (i) genetic variation within populations and species; (ii) the richness of species within communities; and (iii) the richness of community types on the landscape. A broader conclusion of our report is the following: If forestry systems of harvesting and management are to be practised in an ecologically sustainable fashion, then all elements of biodiversity must be accommodated within a landscape comprised of an integration of working lands and ecological reserves. The spatial scale of this integration could be various, ranging from large watersheds, to the "woodsheds" of particular industrial facilities, to provincial and national areas. Therefore, resolution of the substantial conflicts between biodiversity and forestry requires the design of ecologically sustainable landscapes that can provide a flow of timber and other valuated forest products, while still sustaining natural biodiversity resources.Key words: forest management, biodiversity, ecological reserves, eastern Canada, harvesting practices, old growth.

scholarly journals Forest landscape restoration: state of play

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 201218
Author(s):  
John A. Stanturf ◽  
Stephanie Mansourian
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Landscape Restoration ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Landscape Degradation ◽  
Forest Landscape Restoration

Tree planting has been widely touted as an inexpensive way to meet multiple international environmental goals for mitigating climate change, reversing landscape degradation and restoring biodiversity restoration. The Bonn Challenge and New York Declaration on Forests, motivated by widespread deforestation and forest degradation, call for restoring 350 million ha by 2030 by relying on forest landscape restoration (FLR) processes. Because the 173 million ha commitments made by 63 nations, regions and companies are not legally binding, expectations of what FLR means lacks consensus. The frequent disconnect between top-level aspirations and on-the-ground implementation results in limited data on FLR activities. Additionally, some countries have made landscape-scale restoration outside of the Bonn Challenge. We compared and contrasted the theory and practice of FLR and compiled information from databases of projects and initiatives and case studies. We present the main FLR initiatives happening across regional groups; in many regions, the potential need/opportunity for forest restoration exceeds the FLR activities underway. Multiple objectives can be met by manipulating vegetation (increasing structural complexity, changing species composition and restoring natural disturbances). Livelihood interventions are context-specific but include collecting or raising non-timber forest products, employment and community forests; other interventions address tenure and governance.

scholarly journals Degraded Landscape Transformed into Foodland and Woodland by Village Agroforestry

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-60
Author(s):  
Nathalie Viviane Raharilaza
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Capacity Building ◽  
Cascading Effect ◽  
Future Production ◽  
The Village

AbstractThis case study shares the results and lessons learned from agroforestry practices to restore a degraded and abandoned landscape, the production of seedlings of native and endemic tree species for forest restoration, and a trial of autochthones species transplantation at the village level in Madagascar. Awareness-raising and facilitation carried out by the NGO team on landscape changes and their effects on local people’s lives, food and natural resources, were the initial drivers of this process. A farmer led the landscape restoration experimentation by taking part of his poor, degraded land that had been long abandoned, and giving the green light to use it as a ‘farmer field school’. The community decided to keep the other side of the field untouched to enable comparison. Community members learned from each other by periodically sharing experiences. Community capacity-building on family accounting, production and harvest management helped community members to make decisions regarding the choice of crops and landscaping types suited to their needs. The community started to see results from the third year and increased the landscaped areas to boost future production. Some native trees like Harina (Bridelia tuleasneana), a highly preferred tree usually harvested from the rainforest for building materials, adapted very well to the village. The villagers learned to plant them rather than harvest them from the natural forest. The commitment, patience and courage of the community, and their immense pride in what they have achieved, created a cascading effect leading to sustainability.

scholarly journals Innovative Financial Instruments and mechanisms for financing forest restoration and mitigating climate change: select cases from India

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Teki Surayya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Private Funding ◽  
Savings Bank ◽  
National Capital

Climate Change (CC) is universal concern. One of the causes for CC is degradation offorest. World over every minute 22 hectares forest is degraded. Reckonings suggests thatUS$ 11880, funds must be invested every minute to restore the forest.In India Atmospheric pollution has severed in 90’s because of increasedautomobiles and electronic goods. Green car congress reported level of NO2concentration in Delhi ranged 70 - 102 microgram per cm, in 2005. It is argued that theconsumers are capable of meeting part of cost of CC mitigation. Recent survey (Teki,2008) in National Capital Region revealed that 40% of sample preferred to compensatethrough tax on petroleum products, 22 % in investing in forestry bonds, 57% favouredcompulsory investment in bonds. Awareness rate about climate change was 92%, and 88%favoured both technology transitions and economic sanctions for mitigating CC. Evolvinginnovative financing instruments and mechanisms to finance forest restoration andmitigating CC is important.Timber was considered important contribution of forests, as 2% GDP comes toexchequer. NTFPs now considered equally important for forest restoration as 25 – 55% offorest living people survival comes from NTFPs. Forests have innovative financialinstruments like Eco-tourism, to finance forest restoration. Self reliance apart from thegovernment funding and the private funding. Mobilisation of savings, bank finance,creating/strengthening global carbon fund effectively and financing the substitute sectorsare important for restoration of ecological integration and productivity and economic valueof deforested or degraded land. Objectives of paper are: a) to assess level and impact offorest degradation and forest restoration in India, b) to translate carbon pollution level intomitigating CC, b) awareness level of CC in NCR c) measure willingness of consumers tocompensate for CC, and d) evolve innovative financial instruments and mechanisms tofinance sustainable forest restoration in India.

Nucleation increases understory species and functional diversity in early tropical forest restoration

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 106031
Author(s):  
Sandra Rojas-Botero ◽  
Jairo Solorza-Bejarano ◽  
Johannes Kollmann ◽  
Leonardo H. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Understory Species ◽  
Tropical Forest Restoration

Defining Habitat Use by the Parabiotic Ants Camponotus femoratus (Fabricius, 1804) and Crematogaster levior Longino, 2003

Sociobiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Eduardo Vicente ◽  
Thiago Junqueira Izzo
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Colony Size ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Forest Gaps ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Camponotus Femoratus ◽  
Crematogaster Levior ◽  
Ant Gardens

Ant-garden ants have a strong relationship with epiphytes that need light to grow, for these reason, it has been previously documented in forest gaps. Moreover, larger gaps have more available area for nesting and habitats for use as forage. Thus we hypothesize that 1) canopy openness influence the presence of ant´s gardens in gaps, and 2) greater gaps will have more nests, and 3) both openness canopy and area determine the colony size in forest gaps. Furthermore, it is known that parabiotic ants foraging on the ground and in vegetation, the nests are arboreal. So, we also hypothesize that 4) parabiotic ants are more often sampled in arboreal strata and 5) increasing vegetation connectivity and the volume of accumulated litter in the soil increase the foraging of the ants in vegetation and ground, respectively, with the increase in canopy openness increasing the activity of the two species in both strata. Presence, number of Ant-gardens, as colony size, was affected by area and locality, but not by canopy openness. Nevertheless, there was not overall difference in the use of strata by Camponotus femoratus, neither by Crematogaster levior. On the other hand, frequency of C. femoratus on the ground decreases with canopy openness but is not affected by the vegetation connectivity.  Also, C. levior frequency on the ground also decreases with the increase of complexity of vegetation and canopy openness. In addition, neither vegetation connectivity, or canopy openness influence the frequency of foraging of these ants in understory.

Technology Lecture. Land restoration: now and in the future

1984 ◽  
Vol 223 (1230) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Productive Land ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Derelict and degraded land destroys amenity, causes pollution and is a waste of productive land surface. Despite the worldwide activity to restore it there is an enormous backlog, which in England has increased since 1974. In the past much of this restoration was empirically based and not always successful. But natural ecosystems develop unaided on raw starting materials by natural ecological processes. A proper understanding of these has led to more reliable and inexpensive restoration techniques. At the same time we have come to realize that, because, at the start, the slate has been wiped clean, many different end points are possible. Derelict land is a challenge and opportunity for creative manipulation of our landscape. Yet what is achieved in practice is often pedestrian, unscientific and uneconomic. Often the simple treatments that would minimize the impact of industrial activity, and would set the restoration off early and in the right direction, are not carried out. Yet there are plenty of good examples of what can be done. It appears that once more we may be victims of the British failure in technology and imagination transfer. For this the fault seems to lie broadly, not only with planners, industrialists and government, for not always making sure something is done, but also with scientists, for not applying their ecological knowledge sufficiently to problems of hard practice.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Direct Seeding for Forest Restoration on Severely Degraded Land in Lampang Province, Thailand

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Hossain ◽  
Stephen Elliott ◽  
Sutthathorn Chairuangsri
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Lampang Province

scholarly journals Spatial-temporal analysis of the risk to water pollution against land use changes in Lobo Stream Drainage Basin, Itirapina-SP, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Phelipe Da Silva Anjinho ◽  
Allita Rezende dos Santos ◽  
Mariana Abibi Guimarães Araujo Barbosa ◽  
Frederico Fabio Mauad
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Water System ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Land Use Classification ◽  
Natural Ecosystems

The landscape transformation caused by economical activities generates impacts on natural ecosystems and the water system is one of the most susceptible to anthropic alterations. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the vulnerability of the water resources of the Lobo Stream Drainage Basin (LSDB), Itirapina-SP, through the application of the Environmental Quality Index of Water Resources (EQI-Hydro), in a 32 years period, corresponding to the years 1985 and 2017. The EQI-Hydro was calculated from the analysis of the Euclidean distance of the water resources to the impacting sources, determined by means of land use classification, and then rescaled based on fuzzy logic. The results show that approximately 57% of the watershed area is classified as high and very high EQI-Hydro. The Itaqueri River and the Água Branca Stream are the most vulnerable to pollution due to their proximity to pollution sources. This manifests the need for adequate agricultural practices and public policies for forest restoration, aiming the preservation of the LSDB water resources.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document