Characterization and application of orange peel as an adsorbent for cationic dye removal from aqueous solution

With the great generation of colored effluents, several methods for the removal of the color are used, being one of them the method of adsorption in solid medium. In this paper, the in natura orange peel was used as the alternative biomass for the adsorption process of methylene blue, which was characterized by moisture content, pH, apparent density, iodine number, and methylene blue index. To determine the adsorptive capacity of the methylene blue dye, pH 7 was obtained as favorable, the adsorption process showed an adsorption of 82% of the methylene blue dye and a 10 min equilibrium time, where the Freundlich isotherm presented a better adaptation to the adsorption process in orange peel, with its maximum adsorption capacity of 3.9630 mg g-1, for the methylene blue dye.

Replacement of conventional plastic shampoo packaging for biodegradable ones – a survey.

Packaging is present in our daily lives, however, packaging for cosmetics is based on polymers from petroleum, which cause environmental impacts. A promising alternative would be the usage of biodegradable materials, such as biopolymers packaging. The present work proposed a survey to map public opinion about hygienic products change. 151 people from different segments of society answered the survey (questions related to environmental awareness, possible acceptability of changing traditional shampoos packaging for biodegradable ones). It was also observed the influence of the level of education on these choices. A large part of the participants was willing to accept products encased in biodegradable materials, but these group of people would have caution due to probable increase of price. In addition, there is a correlation between level of education and the attitude towards the environmental perspective, so those who studied more, tend to have more positive attitudes towards the environment

Proposal of a holistic environmental metric based on environmental indicators

There is no doubt Sustainability reaching is essential. Natural resources rational use is extremely important to human development. Beyond the years, this preoccupation led various institutions to elaborate legislation and international guides, as Kyoto protocol, to satisfy sustainability conditions. Agenda 2030 is the most recent instrument, whose proposals attempt to these conditions. Within this context, human activity related to Chemistry is noteworthy: to guarantee all sustainable aspects in a procedure is a great challenge. The assessment of Sustainability in Chemistry is performed by green metrics calculations, whose utility is most appropriate in comparison of procedures than in a single procedure assessment. Due to problematics with the utilization of metrics, related to: simplifications leading to pseudo-results, need of various misunderstanding calculations and incorrect adoption of metrics, an environmental metric that attempts to current necessities related to materials and energetics consumption and to assessment of sustainability in individual chemistry procedures is proposed. The metric was elaborated aiming to attempt all environmental requirements of chemical sustainability in a simplified and reliable manner, basing on bibliographic search and expertise. The metric elaboration has a combined approach, in which reference values are established to the main indicators of sustainability, using a Soft System Methodology (SSM).

Analysis of the strategies for the commercialization of electric energy of generating agents in the short term environment

The development of the electric energy market has gained visibility due to the recent transformations in energy policies in Brazil and worldwide. For many years, investments were not made in the Brazilian electricity sector, causing a delay in the energy matrix. With this, the government implemented measures for structural and institutional reforms in the electricity sector with the objective of guaranteeing the expansion of the generating park, attracting private investment, and promoting market competition. The restructuring of the electricity sector led to the emergence of new ways to negotiate energy, new structures and entities, with the objective of increasing transparency, competitiveness and efficiency among market agents. In the new model of the Brazilian Electricity Sector (SEB), energy trading is carried out through two contracting environments, the Regulated Contracting Environment (ACR) and the Free Contracting Environment (ACL). This research analyzes the electric energy commercialization strategies through generation agents acting and competing in the short-term energy market, through the use of competitiveness graphs.

Employment of advanced oxidation processes in the degradation of a textile dye mixture: evaluation of reaction parameters, kinetic study, toxicity and modeling by artificial neural networks

Organic contaminants in industrial effluents threaten the quality of water resources, especially due to their resistance to natural degradation. The textile industry gain relevance, considering that it generates large volumes. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for the degradation of the mixture textile dyes in solution. After optimization of the main parameters involved in the applied processes and systems, the AOP with greater efficiency in the degradation of the compounds was the photo-Fenton/UV-C (92%) after 360 min of treatment. The experimental data showed a better fit to the Chan and Chu kinetic model and trough an evaluation using artificial neural networks it was possible to predict the maximum degradation achievable by the dye mixture. The toxicity assays, using multiple species of seeds indicated a treated solution with no toxic effects and that the applied methodology can be used without affecting the water resources.

A survey on the process of knowledge representation of the small banana farmers (Musa spp.) in mangaratiba, rj

The banana, the world's most widely produced and commercialized fruit, is grown in all tropical regions of the world, being strongly present in local businesses and subsistence crops serving as an important source of nutrients for the poorest populations. In the state of Rio de Janeiro it is commonly found in hillside and difficult access areas, where most other crops would not be able to settle and, because of this, is grown with inadequate management or insufficient, resulting in low productivity in the areas of Rio de Janeiro. The objective of the present work is to carry out a survey of smallholder information from the Vale do Rio Sahy Association in Mangaratiba, RJ, to enable the representation of knowledge in this domain. From the data collected in this research, it was realized that producers have been engaged in this activity for a long time. However, it was found that the knowledge used to production is extremely tacit, without systematization. The variety of banana species (Musa spp.) grown in the production area of the association's small farmers. The knowledge transfer process knowledge to the knowledge base of an expert system is called knowledge acquisition, where it involves extract all the knowledge from the source of the specialists to systematically represent in a coded form the domain information in an appropriate medium. It was observed, even if preliminarily, that this knowledge are not represented in a database for consultation. Thus, there is a need to define human expertise or producers capable of representing in a technological way data that can be conveniently accessed for Problem solving. In view of the evidence presented in the research, the use of representation of human knowledge (small local producers) to feed and train the system according to the domain presented. Thus, enabling the prototype to help understand climate and soil variables and collaborate in decision making.

Instagram as a tool for disseminating sustainable practices: an experience report

The social isolation promoted by COVID-19 impacts the routine and habits of families with a reflection on the characteristics and generation of solid waste and consumption of natural resources. This situation has been identified as an opportunity for educational institutions to promote awareness actions with their internal and external community as a contribution to reduce such effects. In order to disseminate sustainable practices related to the daily life of the pandemic and to evaluate responses, the group of teachers and students developed activities which contributed to minimize the effects of the pandemic. The ease and speed of social media was used as a tool for actions. The methodological steps were: survey of the existing contents in the official networks of the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo related to the topic of interest, the definition of the InstagramTM social network, profile creation for the Ifes Biotechnology and Sustainability Laboratory (Labiotecs), increase of followers, creation and dissemination of content and publications analysis. The work is based on the Deming Cycle methodology in order to optimize its planning and execution. Among the results, 179 followers on the profile were reached, 10 posts were shared in the feed, 4 questionnaires and 5 polls applied until 06/17/2020. The effectiveness of the work was shown through the reach of publications and public acceptance. Also, the Deming cycle proved to be adequate and capable of being replicated.

Supporting Victimized Children in Iran's Legislative Criminal Policy

In today's society, children have a special place and it is no longer the case that the child is considered a family property rather, the child is an individual with his or her own personality and social status and the rights that society has for him / her. But what matters is whether the rights in our society are sufficient for children and just by telling them can it stabilize the child's position within society and save him from any attack? What should be accepted without question is that the answer is no. Because children need special rights and special protections because of their age and physical and intellectual weakness and if there is no executive guarantee to protect them, of course, not only will these rights not be respected, but they will also be violated and children who are more vulnerable than others suffer a lot. What this research specifically focuses on, a comprehensive review of child and adolescent protection law whereas , in accordance with the international obligations our country has committed to and adhered to in compliance with the convention on the rights of the child in 2000, it was approved by the Islamic Consultative Assembly in 2003. In fact, the author's attempt has been to under the pretext of reviewing and evaluating the aforementioned law, evading the existing penal regulations regarding the protection of children and adolescents in the Iranian penal system and thereby evaluate the weaknesses of the aforementioned laws and thus help the legislator to develop and enforce laws protecting certain vulnerable groups such as children.

Digital forensics and its role in promoting criminal prosecution

Digital forensics is essentially synonymous with computer forensics, but the term "digital forensics" is generally used for the technical review of all devices that have the ability to store data. Today, digital criminology is challenged in cloud computing. The first problem is to understand why and how criminal and social actions are so unique and complex. The second problem is the lack of accurate scientific tools for forensic medicine in cyberspace. So far, no complete tools or explanations for criminology have been provided in the virtual infrastructure, and no training for security researchers has been provided in detail. Therefore, the author of the present descriptive-analytical research is based on library resources and using fish taking tools. To investigate suspicious cases related to cyberspace, criminologists must be well-equipped with technical and legal issues to deal with. In this article, we analyze digital criminology and its role in judicial law. The benefit of computer forensic knowledge is not only an indispensable necessity for security and judicial institutions, but also professional users and owners of computer systems, systems and networks must be fully aware of and properly comply with its legal and technical requirements.

Canola oil as an alternative quenchant for the AISI 8640 steel

AISI 8640 is one of the most used steel in the manufacturing industry due its wide range of applicability and properties. The quenching process is commonly applied in parts made of this steel in order to enhance some properties, such as strength and hardness. Petroleum derived oils are the most common quenchants, however this kind of quenchant is considered to be non-biodegradable, toxic to the health and environment, as well as, not renewable. In the present study, canola oil presented the same efficiency than a conventional petroleum derived oil in the quenching process of AISI 8640 steel billets with diameter of 25.4mm.