scholarly journals Network Analysis, and Experimental Validation to Uncover the Mechanism of the Four Compounds in Artemisia Annua (Qing Hao) Antimalarial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuping zhao ◽  
Xiao-bo Zhang ◽  
Hai-yu Xu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Lu-qi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Antimalarial Treatment ◽  
Artemisinic Acid ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Text Information ◽  
Qing Hao

Abstract Background Artemisinin is widely used to treat malaria, but the antimalarial mechanism and coordinative interactions governing the actions of artemisinin, scopoletin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid have not been elucidated. Methods Based on the existence of antimalarial drugs, the antimalaria targets of artemisinin, scopoletin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid were investigated by molecular docking using the similarity theory of chemical structure, and the antimalaria mechanism of scopoletin and its coordinative antimalaria interactions with the other three ingredients of the mixture were subsequently explored. Results Using the text information excavation method, the relevant proteins involved in the antimalarial effect of artemisinin were determined to be IL-6, ACHE, PC3, IPOB, CYC, TNF-α, UGT1A9, CASP3, XDH, IL-1β, VEGF, CAT, CREB, AMPK, UGT1A6, ADR, MAPK, COX2, LB24AB and CYP450. Meanwhile, the relevant proteins involved in the antimalarial effect of scopoletin were TNF-α, PI3K, IL-8, IL- 6, VEGF, IL-1β, MAPK, CD4, SP2, CTNNB, CASP3, PRO1400, IgE, IL-4, ICAM1, p38, STAT3, TLR4 and API4. However, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid had little relevance to the abovementioned proteins. The interaction property between TNF-α and Artemisia annua was that the effect of the mixture of artemisinin, scopoletin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid was greater than that of artemisinin, and the synergistic effect of the four elements was considered to be beneficial to the progress of antimalarial treatment. Conclusion Antimalarial targets of Artemisia annua ingredients were explored with data mining methods, and the antimalarial effect of scopoletin may be related to TNF. Combined application of the four elements could achieve the same antimalarial effect and reduce the clinical usage of artemisinin and scopoletin.

scholarly journals Network Analysis, and Experimental Validation to Uncover the Mechanism of the Four Compounds in Artemisia annua (Qing Hao) Antimalarial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuping zhao ◽  
Xiao-bo Zhang ◽  
Hai-yu Xu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Lu-qi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Artemisinic Acid ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Text Information ◽  
Qing Hao ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background: Artemisinin is widely used to treat malaria, but the antimalarial mechanism and coordinative interactions governing the actions of artemisinin, scopoletin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid have not been elucidated. Methods: Based on the existence of antimalarial drugs, the antimalaria targets of artemisinin, scopoletin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid were investigated by molecular docking using the similarity theory of chemical structure, and the antimalaria mechanism of scopoletin and its coordinative antimalaria interactions with the other three ingredients of the mixture were subsequently examined. Results: Using the text information excavation method, the relevant proteins involved in the antimalarial effect of artemisinin were IL-6, ACHE, PC3, IPOB, CYC, TNF-α, UGT1A9, CASP3, XDH, IL-1β, VEGF, CAT, CREB, AMPK, UGT1A6, ADR, MAPK, COX2, LB24AB and CYP450. The relevant proteins involved in the antimalarial effect of scopoletin were TNF-α, PI3K, IL-8, IL- 6, VEGF, IL-1β, MAPK, CD4, SP2, CTNNB, CASP3, PRO1400, IgE, IL-4, ICAM1, p38, STAT3, TLR4 and API4. However, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid had little relevance to the abovementioned proteins. The interaction property between TNF-α and Artemisia annua was that the effect of the mixture of artemisinin, scopoletin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid was greater than that of artemisinin alone, and the synergistic effect of the four elements was considered beneficial to the progress of antimalarial treatment. Conclusion: The antimalarial targets of Artemisia annua ingredients were examined using data mining methods, and the antimalarial effect of scopoletin may be related to TNF. The combined application of the four elements achieved the same antimalarial effect and reduced the clinical use of artemisinin and scopoletin.

scholarly journals Network Analysis, and Experimental Validation to Uncover the Mechanism of the Four Compounds in Artemisia annua (Qing Hao) Antimalarial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuping zhao ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Haiyu Xu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Luqi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Text Information ◽  
Mining Methods ◽  
Qing Hao ◽  
Interaction Characteristic

Abstract Background: Artemisinin is widely used to anti malaria, but the antimalaria mechanism and coordinative interaction of Artemisinin, Scopoletin, Arteannuin B and Artemisic acid are not clear. Methods: Based on the existing of antimalarial drugs, the antimalaria targets of Artemisinin, Scopoletin, Arteannuin B and Artemisic acid were explored by molecular docking with the similarity theory of chemical structure, and then the the antimalaria mechanism of Scopoletin and its coordinative antimalaria interaction of the mixture with the three other ingredients. Results: Then through using the text information excavation's method, the relevance proteins of antimalaria effect of Artemisinin were IL-6, ACHE, PC3, IPOB, CYC, TNF-α, UGT1A9, CASP3, XDH, IL-1β, VEGF, CAT, CREB, AMPK, UGT1A6, ADR, MAPK, COX2, LB24AB and CYP450. Meanwhile, the relevance proteins of Scopoletin were TNF-α, PI3K, IL-8, IL- 6, VEGF, IL-1β, MAPK, CD4, SP2, CTNNB, CASP3, PRO1400, IgE, IL-4, ICAM1, p38, STAT3, TLR4 and API4. But Arteannuin B and Artemisic acid had a little relevance with the above proteins. The interaction characteristic between TNF-a and Artemisia annua was the effect of the mixture of Artemisinin, Scopoletin, Arteannuin B and Artemisic acid was greater than Artemisinin, and the synergistic effect of the four elements was found in the progress of antimalaria. Conclusion: Antimalarial target of Artemisia annua ingredients was explored with data mining methods, and the antimalarial effect of Scopoletin may be related to TNF. Combined application of the four elements could achieve the same antimalarial effect and reduce the clinical usage of Artemisinin and Scopoletin.

scholarly journals Network Analysis, and Experimental Validation to Uncover the Mechanism of the Four Compounds in Artemisia annua (Qing Hao) Antimalarial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuping Zhao ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Haiyu Xu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Luqi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Text Information ◽  
Mining Methods ◽  
Qing Hao ◽  
Interaction Characteristic

Abstract Background: Artemisinin is widely used to anti malaria, but the antimalaria mechanism and coordinative interaction of Artemisinin, Scopoletin, Arteannuin B and Artemisic acid are not clear.Methods: Based on the existing of antimalarial drugs, the antimalaria targets of Artemisinin, Scopoletin, Arteannuin B and Artemisic acid were explored by molecular docking with the similarity theory of chemical structure, and then the antimalaria mechanism of Scopoletin and its coordinative antimalaria interaction of the mixture with the three other ingredients.Results: Then through using the text information excavation’s method, the relevance proteins of antimalaria effect of Artemisinin were IL-6, ACHE, PC3, IPOB, CYC, TNF-α, UGT1A9, CASP3, XDH, IL-1β, VEGF, CAT, CREB, AMPK, UGT1A6, ADR, MAPK, COX2, LB24AB and CYP450. Meanwhile, the relevance proteins of Scopoletin were TNF-α, PI3K, IL-8, IL- 6, VEGF, IL-1β, MAPK, CD4, SP2, CTNNB, CASP3, PRO1400, IgE, IL-4, ICAM1, p38, STAT3, TLR4 and API4. But Arteannuin B and Artemisic acid had a little relevance with the above proteins. The interaction characteristic between TNF-α and Artemisia annua was the effect of the mixture of Artemisinin, Scopoletin, Arteannuin B and Artemisic acid was greater than Artemisinin, and the synergistic effect of the four elements was found in the progress of antimalaria.Conclusion: Antimalarial target of Artemisia annua ingredients was explored with data mining methods, and the antimalarial effect of Scopoletin may be related to TNF. Combined application of the four elements could achieve the same antimalarial effect and reduce the clinical usage of Artemisinin and Scopoletin.

scholarly journals Toxicological evaluation of aqueous extract of the traditional Chinese formula Qing Hao Gan Cao

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchun Li ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Shanshan Chen ◽  
Liutao Zhao ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Qing Hao

Abstract Qing Hao Gan Cao (QHGC), a Chinese medicinal formula containing Artemisia annua and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, has been used to treat sunstroke and as an antiviral agent for more than 800 years. It has not previously been subject to a toxicological safety evaluation in acute and subacute (28 days) studies. Therefore, the acute and subacute toxicity of an aqueous extract of QHGC were evaluated in vivo. For the QHGC preparation, the botanical raw materials were crushed into pieces and mixed in the ratio of 10:1 in distilled water for 12 h, then boiling three times for 2 h each time. The three decoctions were mixed and filtered, then spray-dried with hot air at 160°C for 30 min, and stored at room temperature. For the acute toxicity test, 72.0 g/kg of QHGC extract was administered by gavage to male and female mice. Body weight, general observations, and autopsy results were recorded. No mortality or toxicity signs were observed during the studies. For the subacute toxicity test, 4.0, 8.0, or 16.0 g/kg/day of QHGC extract was administered to rats for 28 days. General observations and mortality, body weight, biochemical and hematological parameters, organ weight, and pathological morphology were analyzed. The acute and subacute toxicity studies did not show significant changes in body weight, general observations, hematology and biochemical parameters, organ weight, and liver, spleen, stomach, duodenum, testis, ovary, lung, heart, and kidney histopathological analyses. The consumption of QHGC aqueous extract can be considered safe within the conditions of this study.

scholarly journals Dried Leaf Artemisia Annua Improves Bioavailability of Artemisinin via Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Enhances Artemisinin Efficacy Downstream

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Desrosiers ◽  
Alexis Mittleman ◽  
Pamela J. Weathers
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Oral Consumption ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Distribution Studies ◽  
Pass Metabolism

Artemisia annua L. and artemisinin, have been used for millennia to treat malaria. We used human liver microsomes (HLM) and rats to compare hepatic metabolism, tissue distribution, and inflammation attenuation by dried leaves of A. annua (DLA) and pure artemisinin. For HLM assays, extracts, teas, and phytochemicals from DLA were tested and IC50 values for CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 were measured. For tissue distribution studies, artemisinin or DLA was orally delivered to rats, tissues harvested at 1 h, and blood, urine and feces over 8 h; all were analyzed for artemisinin and deoxyartemisinin by GC-MS. For inflammation, rats received an intraperitoneal injection of water or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 70 mg/kg oral artemisinin as pure drug or DLA. Serum was collected over 8 h and analyzed by ELISA for TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. DLA-delivered artemisinin distributed to tissues in higher concentrations in vivo, but elimination remained mostly unchanged. This seemed to be due to inhibition of first-pass metabolism by DLA phytochemicals, as demonstrated by HLM assays of DLA extracts, teas and phytochemicals. DLA was more effective than artemisinin in males at attenuating proinflammatory cytokine production; the data were less conclusive in females. These results suggest that the oral consumption of artemisinin as DLA enhances the bioavailability and anti-inflammatory potency of artemisinin.

scholarly journals Preparation and Application of Reversed Phase ChromatorotorTM for the Isolation of Natural Products by Centrifugal Preparative Chromatography

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Muhammad ◽  
Volodymyr Samoylenko ◽  
Francis Machumi ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed Zaki ◽  
Rabab Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Preparative Chromatography ◽  
Planar Chromatography ◽  
Sorbent Layer ◽  
Preparative Scale ◽  
Artemisinic Acid ◽  
Binder Free

A method of preparation of rotors with a reversed phase (RP) solid silica gel sorbent layer has been developed for centrifugal preparative chromatography (CPC), also known as rotational planar chromatography (RPC). The rotors consist of binder free RP solid SiO2 layers of different thicknesses packed between two supported circular glass discs and can be used in any appropriate device for centrifugal chromatography, like Chromatotron® and CycloGraph®. Polar and /or semi-polar compounds with close R f values, as well as extracts and column fractions were separated and /or purified in a preparative and / or semi-preparative scale using the RP rotors, eluted with mixtures of aqueous-based solvents. We herein report three examples of its application, using RP ChromatorotorsTM, for the isolation of the diastereoisomeric alkaloids banistenosides I and II from Banisteriopsis caapi, saponins III and IV from Fagonia cretica, and the sesquiterpenes artemisinin (V) and artemisinic acid (VI) from Artemisia annua.

scholarly journals A New Sesquiterpene and other Constituents from Saussurea Lappa Root

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-ao Duan ◽  
Pengfei Hou ◽  
Yuping Tang ◽  
Pei Liu ◽  
Shulan Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Derivative ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Saussurea Lappa ◽  
Artemisinic Acid ◽  
Structural Skeleton ◽  
Dehydrocostus Lactone

Five sesquiterpenes, dehydrocostus lactone (1), santamarine (5), β-cyclocostunolide (6), 4α-hydroxy-4β-methyldihydrocostol (7) and 10α-hydroxyl-artemisinic acid (9), along with four other compounds, β-sitosterol (2), daucosterol (3), 5-hydroxy-methyl-furaldehyde (4), and trans-syingin (8), were isolated and identified from the roots of Saussurea lappa (Compositae). Based on previous reports and our study, sesquiterpene derivatives are common and characteristic constituents of the genus Saussurea. Among the nine compounds obtained, 9 is a new sesquiterpene. It is an artemisinic acid derivative, whose structural skeleton has not been reported for Saussurea species before, but artemisinic acid is a common compound in another Compositae species, Artemisia annua. Dehydrocostus lactone (1) is present in high-content and is a possible bioprecursor of 10α-hydroxyartemisinic acid (9).

scholarly journals A Systematic Study of Mechanism of Sargentodoxa cuneata and Patrinia scabiosifolia Against Pelvic Inflammatory Disease With Dampness-Heat Stasis Syndrome via Network Pharmacology Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luanqian Hu ◽  
Yuqi Chen ◽  
Tingting Chen ◽  
Dan Huang ◽  
Shihua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Advanced Glycation End Products ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Nuclear Transcription Factor ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson (SC) and Patrinia scabiosifolia (PS) against Pelvic Inflammatory Disease with Dampness-Heat Stasis Syndrome via network pharmacological approach and experimental validation.Methods: The active compounds with OB ≥ 30% and DL ≥ 0.18 were obtained from TCMSP database and further confirmed by literature research. The targets of the compounds and disease were acquired from multiple databases, such as GeneCards, CTD and TCMSP database. The intersection targets were identified by Venny software. Cytoscape 3.7.0 was employed to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and compound-target network. Moreover, GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were analyzed by DAVID database. Finally, CCK-8, Griess assay and a cytometric bead array (CBA) immunoassay were used for experimental validation by detecting the influence of the active compounds on proliferation of macrophage, release of NO and TNF-α after LPS treatment.Results: 9 bioactive compounds were identified from SC and PS. Those compounds corresponded to 134 targets of pelvic inflammatory disease with dampness-heat stasis syndrome. The targets include vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), von willebrand factor (VWF), interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and nuclear transcription factor 1 (NFκB1). They act on the signaling pathways like advanced glycation end products-receptor of advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE), focal adhesion (FA), Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB). In addition, by in vitro validation, the selected active components of SC and PS such as acacetin, kaempferol, linarin, isovitexin, sinoacutine could significantly inhibit the release of NO induced by LPS, respectively. Moreover, different dose of acacetin, kaempferol, isovitexin and sinoacutine significantly inhibits the TNF-α production.Conclusion: This study provides solid evidence for the anti-inflammatory mechanism of SC and PS against pelvic inflammatory disease with dampness-heat stasis syndrome, which will provide a preliminary evidence and novelty ideas for future research on the two herbs.

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