scholarly journals Network Analysis, and Experimental Validation to Uncover the Mechanism of the Four Compounds in Artemisia annua (Qing Hao) Antimalarial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuping Zhao ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Haiyu Xu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Luqi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Text Information ◽  
Mining Methods ◽  
Qing Hao ◽  
Interaction Characteristic

Abstract Background: Artemisinin is widely used to anti malaria, but the antimalaria mechanism and coordinative interaction of Artemisinin, Scopoletin, Arteannuin B and Artemisic acid are not clear.Methods: Based on the existing of antimalarial drugs, the antimalaria targets of Artemisinin, Scopoletin, Arteannuin B and Artemisic acid were explored by molecular docking with the similarity theory of chemical structure, and then the antimalaria mechanism of Scopoletin and its coordinative antimalaria interaction of the mixture with the three other ingredients.Results: Then through using the text information excavation’s method, the relevance proteins of antimalaria effect of Artemisinin were IL-6, ACHE, PC3, IPOB, CYC, TNF-α, UGT1A9, CASP3, XDH, IL-1β, VEGF, CAT, CREB, AMPK, UGT1A6, ADR, MAPK, COX2, LB24AB and CYP450. Meanwhile, the relevance proteins of Scopoletin were TNF-α, PI3K, IL-8, IL- 6, VEGF, IL-1β, MAPK, CD4, SP2, CTNNB, CASP3, PRO1400, IgE, IL-4, ICAM1, p38, STAT3, TLR4 and API4. But Arteannuin B and Artemisic acid had a little relevance with the above proteins. The interaction characteristic between TNF-α and Artemisia annua was the effect of the mixture of Artemisinin, Scopoletin, Arteannuin B and Artemisic acid was greater than Artemisinin, and the synergistic effect of the four elements was found in the progress of antimalaria.Conclusion: Antimalarial target of Artemisia annua ingredients was explored with data mining methods, and the antimalarial effect of Scopoletin may be related to TNF. Combined application of the four elements could achieve the same antimalarial effect and reduce the clinical usage of Artemisinin and Scopoletin.

scholarly journals Network Analysis, and Experimental Validation to Uncover the Mechanism of the Four Compounds in Artemisia annua (Qing Hao) Antimalarial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuping zhao ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Haiyu Xu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Luqi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Text Information ◽  
Mining Methods ◽  
Qing Hao ◽  
Interaction Characteristic

Abstract Background: Artemisinin is widely used to anti malaria, but the antimalaria mechanism and coordinative interaction of Artemisinin, Scopoletin, Arteannuin B and Artemisic acid are not clear. Methods: Based on the existing of antimalarial drugs, the antimalaria targets of Artemisinin, Scopoletin, Arteannuin B and Artemisic acid were explored by molecular docking with the similarity theory of chemical structure, and then the the antimalaria mechanism of Scopoletin and its coordinative antimalaria interaction of the mixture with the three other ingredients. Results: Then through using the text information excavation's method, the relevance proteins of antimalaria effect of Artemisinin were IL-6, ACHE, PC3, IPOB, CYC, TNF-α, UGT1A9, CASP3, XDH, IL-1β, VEGF, CAT, CREB, AMPK, UGT1A6, ADR, MAPK, COX2, LB24AB and CYP450. Meanwhile, the relevance proteins of Scopoletin were TNF-α, PI3K, IL-8, IL- 6, VEGF, IL-1β, MAPK, CD4, SP2, CTNNB, CASP3, PRO1400, IgE, IL-4, ICAM1, p38, STAT3, TLR4 and API4. But Arteannuin B and Artemisic acid had a little relevance with the above proteins. The interaction characteristic between TNF-a and Artemisia annua was the effect of the mixture of Artemisinin, Scopoletin, Arteannuin B and Artemisic acid was greater than Artemisinin, and the synergistic effect of the four elements was found in the progress of antimalaria. Conclusion: Antimalarial target of Artemisia annua ingredients was explored with data mining methods, and the antimalarial effect of Scopoletin may be related to TNF. Combined application of the four elements could achieve the same antimalarial effect and reduce the clinical usage of Artemisinin and Scopoletin.

scholarly journals Network Analysis, and Experimental Validation to Uncover the Mechanism of the Four Compounds in Artemisia annua (Qing Hao) Antimalarial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuping zhao ◽  
Xiao-bo Zhang ◽  
Hai-yu Xu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Lu-qi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Artemisinic Acid ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Text Information ◽  
Qing Hao ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background: Artemisinin is widely used to treat malaria, but the antimalarial mechanism and coordinative interactions governing the actions of artemisinin, scopoletin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid have not been elucidated. Methods: Based on the existence of antimalarial drugs, the antimalaria targets of artemisinin, scopoletin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid were investigated by molecular docking using the similarity theory of chemical structure, and the antimalaria mechanism of scopoletin and its coordinative antimalaria interactions with the other three ingredients of the mixture were subsequently examined. Results: Using the text information excavation method, the relevant proteins involved in the antimalarial effect of artemisinin were IL-6, ACHE, PC3, IPOB, CYC, TNF-α, UGT1A9, CASP3, XDH, IL-1β, VEGF, CAT, CREB, AMPK, UGT1A6, ADR, MAPK, COX2, LB24AB and CYP450. The relevant proteins involved in the antimalarial effect of scopoletin were TNF-α, PI3K, IL-8, IL- 6, VEGF, IL-1β, MAPK, CD4, SP2, CTNNB, CASP3, PRO1400, IgE, IL-4, ICAM1, p38, STAT3, TLR4 and API4. However, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid had little relevance to the abovementioned proteins. The interaction property between TNF-α and Artemisia annua was that the effect of the mixture of artemisinin, scopoletin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid was greater than that of artemisinin alone, and the synergistic effect of the four elements was considered beneficial to the progress of antimalarial treatment. Conclusion: The antimalarial targets of Artemisia annua ingredients were examined using data mining methods, and the antimalarial effect of scopoletin may be related to TNF. The combined application of the four elements achieved the same antimalarial effect and reduced the clinical use of artemisinin and scopoletin.

scholarly journals Network Analysis, and Experimental Validation to Uncover the Mechanism of the Four Compounds in Artemisia Annua (Qing Hao) Antimalarial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuping zhao ◽  
Xiao-bo Zhang ◽  
Hai-yu Xu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Lu-qi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Antimalarial Treatment ◽  
Artemisinic Acid ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Text Information ◽  
Qing Hao

Abstract Background Artemisinin is widely used to treat malaria, but the antimalarial mechanism and coordinative interactions governing the actions of artemisinin, scopoletin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid have not been elucidated. Methods Based on the existence of antimalarial drugs, the antimalaria targets of artemisinin, scopoletin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid were investigated by molecular docking using the similarity theory of chemical structure, and the antimalaria mechanism of scopoletin and its coordinative antimalaria interactions with the other three ingredients of the mixture were subsequently explored. Results Using the text information excavation method, the relevant proteins involved in the antimalarial effect of artemisinin were determined to be IL-6, ACHE, PC3, IPOB, CYC, TNF-α, UGT1A9, CASP3, XDH, IL-1β, VEGF, CAT, CREB, AMPK, UGT1A6, ADR, MAPK, COX2, LB24AB and CYP450. Meanwhile, the relevant proteins involved in the antimalarial effect of scopoletin were TNF-α, PI3K, IL-8, IL- 6, VEGF, IL-1β, MAPK, CD4, SP2, CTNNB, CASP3, PRO1400, IgE, IL-4, ICAM1, p38, STAT3, TLR4 and API4. However, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid had little relevance to the abovementioned proteins. The interaction property between TNF-α and Artemisia annua was that the effect of the mixture of artemisinin, scopoletin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid was greater than that of artemisinin, and the synergistic effect of the four elements was considered to be beneficial to the progress of antimalarial treatment. Conclusion Antimalarial targets of Artemisia annua ingredients were explored with data mining methods, and the antimalarial effect of scopoletin may be related to TNF. Combined application of the four elements could achieve the same antimalarial effect and reduce the clinical usage of artemisinin and scopoletin.

scholarly journals Toxicological evaluation of aqueous extract of the traditional Chinese formula Qing Hao Gan Cao

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchun Li ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Shanshan Chen ◽  
Liutao Zhao ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Qing Hao

Abstract Qing Hao Gan Cao (QHGC), a Chinese medicinal formula containing Artemisia annua and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, has been used to treat sunstroke and as an antiviral agent for more than 800 years. It has not previously been subject to a toxicological safety evaluation in acute and subacute (28 days) studies. Therefore, the acute and subacute toxicity of an aqueous extract of QHGC were evaluated in vivo. For the QHGC preparation, the botanical raw materials were crushed into pieces and mixed in the ratio of 10:1 in distilled water for 12 h, then boiling three times for 2 h each time. The three decoctions were mixed and filtered, then spray-dried with hot air at 160°C for 30 min, and stored at room temperature. For the acute toxicity test, 72.0 g/kg of QHGC extract was administered by gavage to male and female mice. Body weight, general observations, and autopsy results were recorded. No mortality or toxicity signs were observed during the studies. For the subacute toxicity test, 4.0, 8.0, or 16.0 g/kg/day of QHGC extract was administered to rats for 28 days. General observations and mortality, body weight, biochemical and hematological parameters, organ weight, and pathological morphology were analyzed. The acute and subacute toxicity studies did not show significant changes in body weight, general observations, hematology and biochemical parameters, organ weight, and liver, spleen, stomach, duodenum, testis, ovary, lung, heart, and kidney histopathological analyses. The consumption of QHGC aqueous extract can be considered safe within the conditions of this study.

scholarly journals Dried Leaf Artemisia Annua Improves Bioavailability of Artemisinin via Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Enhances Artemisinin Efficacy Downstream

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Desrosiers ◽  
Alexis Mittleman ◽  
Pamela J. Weathers
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Oral Consumption ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Distribution Studies ◽  
Pass Metabolism

Artemisia annua L. and artemisinin, have been used for millennia to treat malaria. We used human liver microsomes (HLM) and rats to compare hepatic metabolism, tissue distribution, and inflammation attenuation by dried leaves of A. annua (DLA) and pure artemisinin. For HLM assays, extracts, teas, and phytochemicals from DLA were tested and IC50 values for CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 were measured. For tissue distribution studies, artemisinin or DLA was orally delivered to rats, tissues harvested at 1 h, and blood, urine and feces over 8 h; all were analyzed for artemisinin and deoxyartemisinin by GC-MS. For inflammation, rats received an intraperitoneal injection of water or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 70 mg/kg oral artemisinin as pure drug or DLA. Serum was collected over 8 h and analyzed by ELISA for TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. DLA-delivered artemisinin distributed to tissues in higher concentrations in vivo, but elimination remained mostly unchanged. This seemed to be due to inhibition of first-pass metabolism by DLA phytochemicals, as demonstrated by HLM assays of DLA extracts, teas and phytochemicals. DLA was more effective than artemisinin in males at attenuating proinflammatory cytokine production; the data were less conclusive in females. These results suggest that the oral consumption of artemisinin as DLA enhances the bioavailability and anti-inflammatory potency of artemisinin.

scholarly journals A Systematic Study of Mechanism of Sargentodoxa cuneata and Patrinia scabiosifolia Against Pelvic Inflammatory Disease With Dampness-Heat Stasis Syndrome via Network Pharmacology Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luanqian Hu ◽  
Yuqi Chen ◽  
Tingting Chen ◽  
Dan Huang ◽  
Shihua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Advanced Glycation End Products ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Nuclear Transcription Factor ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson (SC) and Patrinia scabiosifolia (PS) against Pelvic Inflammatory Disease with Dampness-Heat Stasis Syndrome via network pharmacological approach and experimental validation.Methods: The active compounds with OB ≥ 30% and DL ≥ 0.18 were obtained from TCMSP database and further confirmed by literature research. The targets of the compounds and disease were acquired from multiple databases, such as GeneCards, CTD and TCMSP database. The intersection targets were identified by Venny software. Cytoscape 3.7.0 was employed to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and compound-target network. Moreover, GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were analyzed by DAVID database. Finally, CCK-8, Griess assay and a cytometric bead array (CBA) immunoassay were used for experimental validation by detecting the influence of the active compounds on proliferation of macrophage, release of NO and TNF-α after LPS treatment.Results: 9 bioactive compounds were identified from SC and PS. Those compounds corresponded to 134 targets of pelvic inflammatory disease with dampness-heat stasis syndrome. The targets include vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), von willebrand factor (VWF), interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and nuclear transcription factor 1 (NFκB1). They act on the signaling pathways like advanced glycation end products-receptor of advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE), focal adhesion (FA), Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB). In addition, by in vitro validation, the selected active components of SC and PS such as acacetin, kaempferol, linarin, isovitexin, sinoacutine could significantly inhibit the release of NO induced by LPS, respectively. Moreover, different dose of acacetin, kaempferol, isovitexin and sinoacutine significantly inhibits the TNF-α production.Conclusion: This study provides solid evidence for the anti-inflammatory mechanism of SC and PS against pelvic inflammatory disease with dampness-heat stasis syndrome, which will provide a preliminary evidence and novelty ideas for future research on the two herbs.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana to fall webworm (Hyphan­tria cunea) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) on different host plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Zibaee ◽  
A.R. Bandani ◽  
J.J. Sendi
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Lavandula Stoechas ◽  
Platanus Orientalis ◽  
Fall Webworm

A study on the compatibility of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana with two medicinal plants, Artemisia annua (0.5%) and Lavandula stoechas (0.6%), was conducted against fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, in the presence of three host plants including plane tree (Platanus orientalis), boxelder (Acer negundo), and mulberry (Morus alba). The highest concentration of B. bassiana yielded the highest H. cunea mortality in all three host plants. The combination of B. bassiana and plant extracts caused the highest H. cunea mortality in all host plants. The difference could be attributed to the nutritional effects of host plants on total physiological status of larvae. To prove this point, the digestive enzymatic assessments were studied and it was pointed out that a statistical difference of α-amylase, protease, and lipase activities exists among larvae feeding upon different host plants. Thus, a combined application of an entomopathogenic fungus and a botanical insecticide may be beneficial for the control of H. cunea.

scholarly journals A Complementary Herbal Product for Controlling Giardiasis

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Tarek Hamdy Abd-Elhamid ◽  
Iman A. M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Amany Refaat Mahmoud ◽  
Khaled S. Allemailem ◽  
Ahmad Almatroudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
No Production ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Therapeutic Utility

Giardiasis is an intestinal protozoal disease caused by Giardia lamblia. The disease became a global health issue due to development of resistance to commonly used drugs. Since many plant-derived products have been used to treat many parasitic infestations, we aimed to assess the therapeutic utility of Artemisia annua (A. annua) for giardiasis. We showed that NO production was significantly reduced whereas serum levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were elevated in infected hamsters compared to uninfected ones. Additionally, infection resulted in increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes and reduced villi heights, goblet cell numbers, and muscularis externa thickness. We also showed that inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and caspase-3 were elevated in the intestine of infected animals. However, treatment with A. annua significantly reduced the intestinal trophozoite counts and IEL numbers, serum IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, while increasing NO and restoring villi heights, GC numbers, and ME thickness. Moreover, A. annua treatment resulted in lower levels of caspase-3, which indicates a protective effect from apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, A. annua therapeutic effects are comparable to metronidazole. In conclusion, our results show that A. annua extract is effective in alleviating infection-induced intestinal inflammation and pathological effects, which implies its potential therapeutic utility in controlling giardiasis.

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