scholarly journals Low Cost Bubble CPAP Machine with Pressure Monitoring and Controlling System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etagegnehu Dagnachew Feleke ◽  
Eyerusalem Gebremeskel Gebremaryam ◽  
Feven Tadele Regassa ◽  
Hawi Rorissa Kuma ◽  
Hayat Solomon Sabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Controlling System ◽  
Bubble Cpap ◽  
And Control ◽  
Monitor And Control

Abstract Background Africa contributed to one-third of the world’s neonatal mortality burden. In the Sub-Saharan region, preterm birth complications are the leading, in which a neonate is a higher risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome that will require extra oxygen and help with breathing. When compared to other respiratory supportive methods for treating infants in respiratory distress, bubble continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) is a safe, and effective system that is appealing to many resource-limited neonatal units in low and middle income countries. However, despite of its benefit, the accumulation of condensate in the patient's circuit's exhalation limb during a bubble CPAP can significantly increase pressure delivered to the serious physical consequences that can potentially lead to respiratory failure. Currently, existing technology in developing nations is expensive, and they will not control the accumulation of condensate in the exhalation limb. This quietly increases the mortality rate of neonates. Therefore, the objective of this project was to design, and develop a bubble CPAP device that able to monitor and control pressure delivered to the infant. Methods In this project, a low-cost bubble CPAP machine with a pressure monitoring and controlling system has been developed. When the neonate expires, the pressure sensor inserted into the expiratory tube reads the instant positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and sends it to the microcontroller. The microcontroller decides whether to turn the relay (controls the electric power to the 2 - solenoid valve) to switch the way of expiration between the two expiratory tubes connected to the valves of two outlets. This depends on the pressure reading and the cutoff pressure value manually inserted by the physician. Results The prototype was built and subjected to various tests and iterations to determine the device's effectiveness. The developed prototype was tested for accuracy, safety, cost, ease of use, and durability. The prototype was accurate in 10 iterations that had been made to monitor and control the pressure. It was safe and provided accurate pressure for the neonate, and it was built for less than 193 USD. Conclusion The proposed design allows physicians, especially those in low resource settings, to easily monitor and control the accumulation of condensate in the exhalation limb of the CPAP machine accurately and safely. This helps to reduce the neonate mortality rate that may occur due to respiratory distress syndrome.

Intraoesophageal pressure monitoring and the severity of the respiratory distress syndrome

1983 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Greenough ◽  
C. J. Morley ◽  
H. J. Korvenranta ◽  
P. O. Kero ◽  
I. A. T. V�lim�ki
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Pressure Monitoring

Bubble CPAP for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdish Koti ◽  
Srinivas Murki ◽  
Pramod Gaddam ◽  
Anupama Reddy ◽  
M. Dasaradha Rami Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Bubble Cpap

scholarly journals Identification of Different Proteins Binding to Na, K-ATPase α1 in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Cell Model by Proteomic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Peng Wen ◽  
Yue-Zhong Zhang ◽  
He Huang ◽  
Tao-Hua Liu ◽  
Qi-Quan Wan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
A549 Cell ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
And Control

Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by refractory hypoxemia caused by accumulation of pulmonary fluid, which is related to inflammatory cell infiltration, impaired tight junction of pulmonary epithelium and impaired Na, K-ATPase function, especially Na, K-ATPase α1 subunit. Up until now, the pathogenic mechanism at the level of protein during lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced ARDS remains unclear. Using an unbiased, discovery and quantitative proteomic approach, the discovery of differentially expressed proteins binding to Na, K-ATPase α1 between LPS-induced A549 cell and control-A549 group is of particular interest for the current study. These proteins may help the clinical diagnosis and facilitate the personalized treatment of ARDS. We screened these Na, K-ATPase α1 interacting proteins, carried out the related Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and found evident phenomena of ubiquitination and deubiquitination, as well as the pathways related to autophagy. We also chose some of the differentiated expressing proteins with significant performance for further verification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among proteins with rich abundance, there were several intriguing ones, including the deubiquitinase (OTUB1), the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), the scaffold protein in CUL4B-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL4B) complexes (CUL4B) and the autophagy-related protein sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1). Protein-protein interaction network showed that there were 244 significantly enriched co-expression among 60 proteins in the group control-A549. while the group LPS-A549 showed 43 significant enriched interactions among 29 proteins. In conclusion, our quantitative discovery-based proteomic approach identified commonalities, and revealed targets related to the occurrence and development of ARDS, being the first study to investigate significant differences in Na, K-ATPase α1 interacting proteins between LPS-induced ARDS cell model and control-A549 cell.

scholarly journals OUTCOME OF PRETERM BABIES WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaitan Singh Balai ◽  
Vivek Arora
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Preterm Babies

Background: To study outcome of preterm babies with RDS in babies admitted in NICU. Methods: This study was hospital based prospective study of preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome admitted in NICU of MBGH RNT medical college Udaipur, from February 2017 to January 2018. Results: Among 200 preterm neonates included in the study 31 neonates expired. Mortality was 15.5%. The mortality was 10.17% among the preterm neonates with RDS and hospitalized within 6 hrs. It was 31.81% among neonates hospitalized between 6-12 hrs and 62.5% and 66.66% among neonates hospitalized between 12-24 hrs and after 24 hrs of birth respectively. Conclusion: Mortality rate is inversely related to birth weight and gestational age and directly related to age at admission and severity of respiratory distress (Silverman-Anderson score). Keywords: Preterm, Neonates, Birth weight.

scholarly journals Does Prone Positioning Decrease Mortality Rate in ARDS? A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Sarkis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Prone Positioning ◽  
Reduce Mortality Rate

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical condition in which the lungs suffer severe irreversible, large-scale damage causing a grievous form of hypoxemic respiratory failure. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is one of the most evasive diagnosis confronted in the Intensive care unit (ICU) as the name, definition and diagnostic standards have adapted over the past four decades. An ARDS diagnosis is established by physiological criteria and continues to be a diagnosis of exclusion, which makes it crucial that medical professionals expand their knowledge base to effectively diagnose ARDS. Patients admitted with ARDS have high mortality rates ranging from 40 to 60 percent. High-level quality supportive care continues to be the sole option for ARDS treatment. Even with improved supportive care, however, ARDS prognosis is still poor. Extended prone positioning (PP) has been shown to increase alveolar recruitment end expiratory lung volume, thereby improving oxygenation and survival. Unfortunately, few studies have examined the association of mortality and prone positioning in ARDS. A systematic review was conducted to examine the following research question: Does prone positioning compared to supine positioning in patients with ARDS decrease mortality rates? This systematic review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). A literature review was performed and data were collected from each study. A cross study analysis was performed and PP was found to reduce mortality rate in patients who were severely hypoxic. The reviewed studies demonstrated that incorporating early and longer periods of PP may improve mortality in ARDS patients, but further research is needed.

scholarly journals Bubble CPAP (Continuous Positive airway pressure) therapy as a primary mode of respiratory support in preterm newborns with mild to moderate respiratory distress syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Dr. Sanjivani Deepak Maslekar ◽  
◽  
Dr. Somaiah G ◽  
Dr. Nagapraveen Veerapu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Pressure Therapy ◽  
Primary Mode ◽  
Antenatal Steroids ◽  
Bubble Cpap ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is an important cause of morbidity and mortalityin preterm infants. Bubble CPAP when used appropriately, is more cost-effective, non-invasive,requires less training and has a lower risk of complications. However, not all preterm infants withRDS respond to CPAP. Aims: To study the immediate outcome of preterm infants with mild tomoderate respiratory distress syndrome on Bubble CPAP. To study the safety and effectiveness of B-CPAP and to identify the risk factors associated with its failure. Setting: NICU, Department ofpediatrics, Mamata general hospital and medical college, Khammam. Design- Prospectiveobservational study Material and Methods: This duration bound study was conducted fromFebruary 2018 to February 2020. Based on the inclusion criteria 73 Preterm babies with mild tomoderate respiratory distress syndrome requiring respiratory support were included in this study.Details of birth history, use of antenatal steroids, gestational age, type of delivery, birth weight,Downes score and chest X-ray were recorded. And the effectiveness and outcome of bubble CPAPwere studied. Results: Out of the total of 73 cases, 53(72.60%) were treated successfully, while20(27.40%) failed bubble CPAP. Conclusion: Bubble CPAP is the safe primary mode of respiratorysupport in Preterm newborns with mild to moderate RDS, more effective with early Initiation and inPreterm babies born to mothers with the use of antenatal steroids.

scholarly journals Study of respiratory distress syndrome in newborn with special reference to the role of bubble CPAP in its management

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Avi Sanghvi ◽  
Manish Rasania
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Antenatal Steroids ◽  
Bubble Cpap ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Cpap Failure

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation with surfactant therapy was standard treatment of RDS. IIPV is invasive, costly and requires expertise. It is not a viable option for many of the resource limited SNCU set ups of our country. Trials have showed that CPAP is noninvasive, easy to use, safe and effective. This study was done to find out effectiveness of CPAP in RDS, and also to find CPAP failure factors.Methods: This was a prospective observational study, carried out at SNCU of Dhiraj hospital, Piparia, Vadodara district, Gujarat, India form February 2014 to March 2015. Neonates with diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome were included in this study.Results: Total 57 (42 inborn and 15 out born) cases of RDS were analyzed in this study. Incidence of RDS was 3.68% of live births. 5(8.8%) settled down with low flow oxygen only. 24 (42.1%) successfully treated with CPAP only. 15 (26.3%) were treated with CPAP and surfactant. 13 (22.8%) were CPAP failure cases which required ventilator support. The variables significantly associated with failure of CPAP were: no exposure to antenatal steroids (p value of 0.025), grade 3-4 RDS on CXR (p value of 0.03), PDA (p value of 0.0264), sepsis/pneumonia (p value of <0.001) and Silverman Anderson score of ≥7 at admission (p value of 0.001). 3 (5.3%) went on DAMA. 5 (8.8%) expired and 49 (85.9%) were discharged. 4 out of 5 (80%) death occurred in very preterm group. 4 (80%) of death occurred in neonates whose mothers did not receive any dose of antenatal steroid. There was no mortality in neonates who were in need of surfactant and received within 6 hours of life. 75% of neonates having sepsis and asphyxia both along with RDS expired.Conclusions: Bubble CPAP is safe and very effective in low resource settings. CPAP failure is significantly associated with no antenatal steroids, grade 3 to 4 x-ray changes of RDS, Silverman Anderson score of ≥7 at beginning of CPAP, presence of significant PDA and association of sepsis/pneumonia. 

CONTROLLED TRIAL OF INTENSIVE CARE FOR VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-714
Author(s):  
W. H. Kitchen ◽  
D. G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants

Two controlled clinical trials were carried out in infants with a birth weight between 1,000 and 1,500 gm. Careful control of arterial oxygen and the infusion of 10% glucose for the first 3 days of life failed to reduce the mortality rate in a group of 118 infants. In the second clinical trial involving 120 patients, the mortality rate was reduced, especially in infants with clinical evidence of respiratory distress syndrome, by the addition to the regime of early vigorous efforts to correct acidosis. The mortality in comparable infants before the introduction of intensive care in 1965 was 49%. In the era of intensive care, 35% of patients given only routine care died, whereas infants receiving vigorous intensive care had a mortality rate of only 18%. The patients with respiratory distress syndrome showed the most noticeable improvement in survival.

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