scholarly journals Joint Effects of Ethnic Enclave Residence and Air Pollution Exposure on Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Asian/Pacific Islander Women in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D Williams ◽  
Sandie Ha ◽  
Edmond Shenassa ◽  
Lynne Messer ◽  
Jenna Kanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Enclave ◽  
Ethnic Enclaves ◽  
Asian Pacific Islander ◽  
Asian Pacific

Abstract Background: Asian/Pacific Islander (API) communities in the United States often reside in metropolitan areas with distinct social and environmental attributes. Residence in an ethnic enclave, a socially distinct area, is associated with lower gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk, yet exposure to air pollution, which is often elevated in urban areas, is associated with increased GDM risk. We examined the joint effects of ethnic enclaves and air pollution to better understand GDM risk among API women, the group with the highest prevalence of GDM.Methods: We examined 9,069 API births in the Consortium on Safe Labor (19 hospitals, 2002-2008). API ethnic enclaves were defined as areas ≥66th percentile for percent API residents, dissimilarity (distribution of API and White residents), and isolation (degree that API individuals interact with another API individual). High levels of 14 volatile organic compounds (VOC) were defined as ≥75th percentile. Four joint categories were created for each VOC: Low VOC/Enclave (reference group), Low VOC/No Enclave, High VOC/Enclave, High VOC/No Enclave. GDM was reported in medical records. Hierarchical logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) between joint exposures and GDM, adjusted for maternal factors and area-level poverty. Risk was estimated for 3-months preconception and first trimester exposures.Results: Enclave residence was associated with lower GDM risk regardless of VOC exposure. Preconception benzene exposure was associated with increased risk when women resided outside enclaves [High VOC/No Enclave (OR:3.45, 95%CI:1.77,6.72)], and the effect was somewhat mitigated within enclaves, [High VOC/Enclave (OR:2.07, 95%:1.09,3.94)]. Risks were similar for 12 of 14 VOCs during preconception and 10 of 14 during the first trimester.Conclusions: API residence in non-enclave areas is associated with higher GDM risk, regardless of VOC level. Ethnic enclave residence may mitigate effects of VOC exposure, perhaps due to lower stress levels. The potential benefit of ethnic enclaves warrants further study.

scholarly journals Joint effects of ethnic enclave residence and ambient volatile organic compounds exposure on risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among Asian/Pacific Islander women in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Williams ◽  
Sandie Ha ◽  
Edmond Shenassa ◽  
Lynne C. Messer ◽  
Jenna Kanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Enclave ◽  
Ethnic Enclaves ◽  
Asian Pacific Islander ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Asian Pacific

Abstract Background Asian/Pacific Islander (API) communities in the United States often reside in metropolitan areas with distinct social and environmental attributes. Residence in an ethnic enclave, a socially distinct area, is associated with lower gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk, yet exposure to high levels of air pollution, including volatile organic compounds (VOCS), is associated with increased GDM risk. We examined the joint effects of ethnic enclaves and VOCs to better understand GDM risk among API women, the group with the highest prevalence of GDM. Methods We examined 9069 API births in the Consortium on Safe Labor (19 hospitals, 2002–2008). API ethnic enclaves were defined as areas ≥66th percentile for percent API residents, dissimilarity (geographic dispersal of API and White residents), and isolation (degree that API individuals interact with another API individual). High levels of 14 volatile organic compounds (VOC) were defined as ≥75th percentile. Four joint categories were created for each VOC: Low VOC/Enclave (reference group), Low VOC/No Enclave, High VOC/Enclave, High VOC/No Enclave. GDM was reported in medical records. Hierarchical logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) between joint exposures and GDM, adjusted for maternal factors and area-level poverty. Risk was estimated for 3-months preconception and first trimester exposures. Results Enclave residence was associated with lower GDM risk regardless of VOC exposure. Preconception benzene exposure was associated with increased risk when women resided outside enclaves [High VOC/No Enclave (OR:3.45, 95%CI:1.77,6.72)], and the effect was somewhat mitigated within enclaves, [High VOC/Enclave (OR:2.07, 95%:1.09,3.94)]. Risks were similar for 12 of 14 VOCs during preconception and 10 of 14 during the first trimester. Conclusions API residence in non-enclave areas is associated with higher GDM risk, regardless of VOC level. Ethnic enclave residence may mitigate effects of VOC exposure, perhaps due to lower stress levels. The potential benefit of ethnic enclaves warrants further study.

scholarly journals Joint effects of ethnic enclave residence and ambient volatile organic compounds exposure on risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among Asian/Pacific Islander women in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D Williams ◽  
Sandie Ha ◽  
Edmond Shenassa ◽  
Lynne Messer ◽  
Jenna Kanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Enclave ◽  
Ethnic Enclaves ◽  
Asian Pacific Islander ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Asian Pacific

Abstract Background: Asian/Pacific Islander (API) communities in the United States often reside in metropolitan areas with distinct social and environmental attributes. Residence in an ethnic enclave, a socially distinct area, is associated with lower gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk, yet exposure to high levels of air pollution, including volatile organic compounds (VOCS), is associated with increased GDM risk. We examined the joint effects of ethnic enclaves and VOCs to better understand GDM risk among API women, the group with the highest prevalence of GDM.Methods: We examined 9,069 API births in the Consortium on Safe Labor (19 hospitals, 2002-2008). API ethnic enclaves were defined as areas ≥66th percentile for percent API residents, dissimilarity (geographic dispersal of API and White residents), and isolation (degree that API individuals interact with another API individual). High levels of 14 volatile organic compounds (VOC) were defined as ≥75th percentile. Four joint categories were created for each VOC: Low VOC/Enclave (reference group), Low VOC/No Enclave, High VOC/Enclave, High VOC/No Enclave. GDM was reported in medical records. Hierarchical logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) between joint exposures and GDM, adjusted for maternal factors and area-level poverty. Risk was estimated for 3-months preconception and first trimester exposures.Results: Enclave residence was associated with lower GDM risk regardless of VOC exposure. Preconception benzene exposure was associated with increased risk when women resided outside enclaves [High VOC/No Enclave (OR:3.45, 95%CI:1.77,6.72)], and the effect was somewhat mitigated within enclaves, [High VOC/Enclave (OR:2.07, 95%:1.09,3.94)]. Risks were similar for 12 of 14 VOCs during preconception and 10 of 14 during the first trimester.Conclusions: API residence in non-enclave areas is associated with higher GDM risk, regardless of VOC level. Ethnic enclave residence may mitigate effects of VOC exposure, perhaps due to lower stress levels. The potential benefit of ethnic enclaves warrants further study.

Prevalence and Trends in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Women in the United States, 2006–2016

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 121-OR ◽  
Author(s):  
TAO ZHOU ◽  
DIANJIANYI SUN ◽  
XIANG LI ◽  
YORIKO HEIANZA ◽  
HOIRUN NISA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
United States ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The United States

Cost of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the United States in 2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaozhu Chen ◽  
William W. Quick ◽  
Wenya Yang ◽  
Yiduo Zhang ◽  
Alan Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
United States ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Hospitalizations for Acute Salicylate Intoxication in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2638
Author(s):  
Charat Thongprayoon ◽  
Tananchai Petnak ◽  
Wisit Kaewput ◽  
Michael A. Mao ◽  
Karthik Kovvuru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Asian Pacific Islander ◽  
Suicidal Attempts ◽  
Salicylate Intoxication ◽  
Asian Pacific

Background: The objective of this study was to describe inpatient prevalence, characteristics, outcomes, and resource use for acute salicylate intoxication hospitalizations in the United States. Methods: A total of 13,805 admissions with a primary diagnosis of salicylate intoxication from 2003 to 2014 in the National Inpatient Sample database were analyzed. Prognostic factors for in-hospital mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression. Results: The overall inpatient prevalence of salicylate intoxication among hospitalized patients was 147.8 cases per 1,000,000 admissions in the United States. The average age was 34 ± 19 years. Of these, 35.0% were male and 65.4% used salicylate for suicidal attempts. Overall, 6% required renal replacement therapy. The most common complications of salicylate intoxication were electrolyte and acid-base disorders, including hypokalemia (25.4%), acidosis (19.1%), and alkalosis (11.1%). Kidney failure (9.3%) was the most common observed organ dysfunction. In-hospital mortality was 1.0%. Increased in-hospital mortality was associated with age ≥30, Asian/Pacific Islander race, diabetes mellitus, hyponatremia, ventricular arrhythmia, kidney failure, respiratory failure, and neurological failure, while decreased in-hospital mortality was associated with African American and Hispanic race. Conclusion: hospitalization for salicylate intoxication occurred in 148 per 1,000,000 admissions in the United States. Several factors were associated with in-hospital mortality.

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