scholarly journals Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Thymidylate Kinase is A Potential 2 Diagnostic Biomarker for Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Peace Babirye ◽  
Charles Drago Kato ◽  
Fredrick Lutwama ◽  
Carol Musubika ◽  
Rose Nabatanzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thymidylate Kinase ◽  
Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Abstract Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in context of HIV infection remains challenging due 25 to the paucibacillary nature of the disease. Mycobacterium tuberculosis thymidylate kinase 26 (TMKmt) has been validated as a novel biomarker with high detection limits for PTB in sputum. 27 We aimed to clinically test TMKmt as a diagnostic biomarker for pulmonary tuberculosis among 28 HIV positive individuals at Makerere University Joint AIDS Program Immuno Suppression 29 Syndrome clinic. 30 Methods 31 A total of 120 participants with presumptive PTB were enrolled in a cross- sectional study 32 between January and September 2018. Venous blood and expectorated spot sputum was obtained 33 from 116 consenting participants. Tuberculosis culture was performed on sputum as the gold 34 standard to confirm PTB status while direct ELISAs were performed on sputum and serum to 35 determine the level of TMKmt antigen. Sensitivity, specificity and receiver operator 36 characteristic curves were used to assess the precision of TMKmt in diagnosing PTB. 37 Results 38 Of the 116 participants, only 22 (19%) were PTB positive based on either Lowenstein Jensen or 39 Mycobacterial growth inhibition tube `culture. The mean sputum TMKmt levels were 40 significantly higher in PTB positive individuals (4.889 ± 0.135) ng/ml as compared to PTB 41 negative individuals (4.303 ± 0.07295) ng/ml (t-test, P<0.0005). At a cut off value of > 4.683 42 ng/ml, the test had a sensitivity of 73% (95% CI, 49.78% - 89.27%) and a specificity of 72% 43 (95% CI, 62.15% - 81.07%). These results were supported by a receiver operator analysis which 44 showed an area under the curve of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.63 – O.86). 3 45 Conclusion 46 Sputum TMKmt is a potential diagnostic biomarker for active pulmonary tuberculosis. This 47 forms an alternate test that would replace smear microscopy and overcome the current TB 48 diagnostic challenges.

scholarly journals Undiagnosed Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Pilgrims during the 2015 Hajj Mass Gathering: A Prospective Cross-sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 1304-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Yezli ◽  
Alimuddin Zumla ◽  
Badriah Alotaibi ◽  
Abdulhafiz M. Turkistani ◽  
Yara Yassin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

scholarly journals Comparison of Led Fluorescent Microscopy and the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay in Diagnosis of Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Sanam Thapa Magar ◽  
Gokarna Ghimire ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Male To Female

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay and anid fast staining (AFB) for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in specimen of patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study of 400 samples (PTB-365 and EPTB-35) of patients visiting National Tuberculosis Centre (NTC) was conducted from July 2018 to December 2018. Gene Xpert MTB/ RIF Assay, smear microscopy were performed under standard guideline inside biosafety cabinet class II. The result obtained from both the tests were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software and Excel 2019. Results: Of the total samples, 18% (72/400) and 39% (156/400) were positive by AFB smear microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF assay respectively. Prevalence of MTB positive was highest in the age group 35-44 years, 33 cases (17.74%) were detected in total, with a male to female ratio of 2.3:1. Pleural fluid, pus, and CSF fluid also yielded positive results with the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay accounting 1.28%, 0.64% and 1.28% of MTB positive case respectively. Rifampicin resistance was observed in 1.28% of the cases. Conclusion: The key findings of this study suggest that Gene Xpert test should be implemented as primary diagnostic test for PTB and EPTB.

scholarly journals Performance of LED Fluorescence Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV Positive Individuals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konjit Getachew ◽  
Tamrat Abebe ◽  
Abebaw Kebede ◽  
Adane Mihret ◽  
Getachew Melkamu
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Sputum Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background. Despite its lower sensitivity, smear microscopy remains the main diagnostic method for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in resource-limited countries as TB culturing methods like LJ (Lowenstein-Jensen) are expensive to use as a routine base. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of LED-FM for the diagnosis of PTB in HIV positive individuals.Methods. Cross-sectional study was conducted in Zewditu Memorial Hospital and Teklehaimanot Health Center HIV/ART clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Each sample was stained with ZN and Auramine O staining and examined with bright-field microscope and LED-FM microscope, respectively. LJ culture was used as a reference.Results. Out of 178 study participants, twenty-four (13.5%) patients were confirmed as positive for MTB with LJ culture. The yield of ZN microscopy and LED-FM in direct and concentrated sample was 3.9%, 8.4%, 6.2%, and 8.4%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of direct ZN microscopy were 29.2%, 100%, 100%, and 90.1%, respectively, and of LED-FM microscopy in direct sputum sample were 62.5%, 100%, 100%, and 94.5%, respectively.Conclusion. LED-FM has better sensitivity for the diagnosis of PTB in HIV positive individuals as compared to conventional ZN microscopy. LED-FM can be used as an alternative to conventional ZN microscopy.

scholarly journals Utility of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in the Diagnosis of Sputum Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Subodh Sagar Dhakal ◽  
Ashmita Neupane ◽  
Shatdal Chaudhary ◽  
Navin Mishra ◽  
Damber Bdr Karki
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fibreoptic Bronchoscopy ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
Smear Negative

INTRODUCTION: Sputum smear examination for acid fast bacilli (AFB) by Ziehl-Neelsen stain (ZN stain) is the initial approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). But 50% of the cases are reported to be sputum smear negative. This study was aimed to investigate the diagnostic yield of fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) guided bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients suspected to have tuberculosis. The sample was tested for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the XpertMTB/RIF assay, which is a new test that detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and resistance to rifampin in less than two hours. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a prospective cross sectional study carried out on 58 sputum smear negative patients who were clinically suspected to have pulmonary tuberculosis from April 2017 to January 2019. All patients are subjected to FOB, BAL and BAL specimens were stained for AFB and also sent for Xpert (MTB)/RIF. RESULTS: Among 58 patients enrolled for the study 26 patients were positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB) through BAL stain and Xpert (MTB)/RIF combined. CONCLUSION: FOB guided BAL is a reliable, alternative and rapid method for diagnosing smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis with minimal complications.

Comparative Study between Genexpert and Smear Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Samples of Patients Suspected of Pulmonary Tuberculosis – the Case Study of General Hospital, Awo-Omamma, Imo State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Microscopy Method

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has remained a major scourge of humanity all over the world, with the greatest mortality occurrences noted, in developing countries. The cannot-be-over- emphasized burden of TB in Nigeria is among the highest in Africa. The study on hand was therefore aimed at comparing Cepheid GeneXpert MTB/ RIF assay for direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC) and Rifampicin (RIF) resistance with the traditional smear microscopy method-the ZN technique. Sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic yields were high points of comparison. A carefullydesigned cross-sectional study was drawn and executed at the General Hospital, Awo-Omamma, covering patients’ inflow from August, 2016 to May 2017. Amongst the numerous patients presenting, a total of 120 samples were collected from patients with highest pulmonary concerns, having been assessed prognostically. Sixty-two patients (51.67%) were males, fifty-eight (48.33%) were females and all having mean ages of 42.2+16 years. Thirty patients (25%) had chronic lung diseases. Out of the 120 samples examined, 36 samples (30.00%) were MTBC positive by Smear microscopy while 42 (35.00%) were positive by GeneXpert. Placing both methods (GeneXpert and Smear microscopy) side-by-side, GeneXpert gave 85% sensitivity and 98.5% specificity GeneXpert indeed detected 6 (7.2%) additional positive cases as compared to Smear microscopy. Only 5 clinical isolates of the entire patients were resistant to Rifampicin. The study therefore conduced that GeneXpert was a better and more reliable diagnostic tool compared to Smear microscopy and can significantly reduce false-negatives and very interestingly, rules out the unnecessary delays often experienced hitherto with Smear microscopy in treatment initiation.

scholarly journals Performance of Frontloading for Smear Microscopy in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Referral Hospital in Uganda

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e48531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope Miremba ◽  
Joan N. Kalyango ◽  
William Worodria ◽  
Henry Mugerwa ◽  
Ethel Nakakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document