scholarly journals Two Weeks High Glucose is Enough to Induce Liver and Gut Lesion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cunyun Min ◽  
Tingting Fu ◽  
Yu Du ◽  
Wei Tan ◽  
Xiuhui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Background: High glucose is critical for diabetes.But in which way it induces diabetes, and which organ trigger the formation of diabetes are not clear.This study is to evaluate the effect of shot time high glucose on different organs,to make clear this question.Methods: Twelve weeks old SD rats were randomly assigned to control group,high glucose infusion (HGI) group and oral high glucose (OHG) group.Fasten blood sugar,TNF-a and IL-6 were measured.Kidneys,intestine and liver samples were collected for pathological examination.Feces of rats were collected for gut microbiota tests.Results: The results indicated that short time high glucose induced hyperglycemia lasted for at least 2 weeks after ceasing of high glucose.It increased serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-a obviously.It led to small intestinal mucosa injury, obvious steatosis of hepatocytes, and broke the balance of gut microbiota.OHG led to swelling and necrosis of individual intestinal villi.HGI led to necrosis and disappearence of cells in the upper layer of intestinal mucosa.The lesion was confined to the mucosa.There is not obvious biopsy change in kidney and pancreas.Conclusions: Short time high glucose induced lesion of liver and intestine,broken the balance of gut microbiota.All of these led to inflammation and triggered diabetes.

scholarly journals Two Weeks High Glucose is Enough to Induce Liver and Gut Lesion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cunyun Min ◽  
Tingting Fu ◽  
Yu Du ◽  
Wei Tan ◽  
Xuhui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infusion Group ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Short Time ◽  
High Glucose Group

Abstract Background:High glucose is critical for diabetes.But in which way it induces diabetes, and which organ trigger the formation of diabetes are not clear.The goal of this study is to see if there is a risk of acquiring diabetic symptoms following a 2 weeks short infusion of 2g/kg/day and dietary 2.5g/kg/day in SD rats on various body organs.Methods：Twelve weeks old SD rats were randomly divided into control group,high glucose infusion group(IHG,infusion 2g/kg/day) and oral high glucose group OHG,dietary 2.5g/kg/day).Fasten blood sugar,TNF-a and IL-6 were measured. Intestine and liver samples were collected for pathological examination.Feces of rats were collected for gut microbiota tests.Results：The results indicated that short time high glucose induced hyperglycemia lasted for at least 2 weeks after ceasing of high glucose.It increased serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-a obviously.It led to jejunum mucosa injury, obvious steatosis of hepatocytes, and disturbed the balance of gut microbiota.OHG led to swelling and necrosis of individual intestinal villi.IHG led to necrosis and disappearence of cells in the upper layer of intestinal mucosa.The lesion was confined to the mucosa.Conclusions:Short time high glucose induced lesion in liver and intestine,disturbed the balance of gut microbiota and consequently induced inflammation and triggered diabetes.

Effect of grapeseed procyanidins on small intestinal mucosa morphology and small intestinal development in weaned piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (16) ◽  
pp. 1894
Author(s):  
Huishi Yan ◽  
Wenwei Gao ◽  
Qinghong Li ◽  
Hongquan Li ◽  
Ruirong Hao
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Small Intestinal

Context Grapeseed procyanidins (GSP) are widely recognised to have potential biological properties, and dietary supplementation with GSP could reduce diarrhoea incidence in weaned piglets. Aims This trial was conducted to investigate the effect of GSP on small intestinal mucosa morphology and small intestinal development in weaned piglets. Methods Seventy-two weaned piglets were randomly allocated into four dietary groups with three replicate pens per group and six piglets per pen. Each group received one of the following diets: a basal maize–soybean meal diet; or basal diet supplemented with 50, 100 or 150 mg GSP/kg. Small intestinal mucosa morphology and the expression of genes involved in improving small intestinal development were determined. Key results Morphological observations obtained by optical microscopy showed that the villus height of the duodenum and ileum increased in all groups receiving GSP, significantly (P < 0.05) so in the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg compared with the control group. Crypt depth of the duodenum and ileum in the groups receiving 100 and 150 mg GSP/kg decreased compared with the control group. Similarly, the crypt depth of the jejunum in the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg was significantly (P < 0.05) lowered. Moreover, the villus height/crypt depth ratio of each small intestinal segment in the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg increased significantly (P < 0.01). Morphological observations obtained by scanning electron microscopy indicated that dietary supplementation with GSP was favourable for growth of small intestinal villi. Specifically, the villi of the small intestine in the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg were most closely aligned, most uniform in size and clearest in structure. Furthermore, dietary supplementation with GSP increased the expression of genes encoding epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor in the duodenum, the group receiving 100 mg GSP/kg showing a significant (P < 0.05) increase. Conclusions Dietary supplementation with GSP could improve small intestinal mucosa morphology and promote small intestinal development. Dietary supplementation of 100 mg GSP/kg could be recommended for weaned piglets. Implications Dietary supplementation with GSP generated a beneficial role in small intestinal health in weaned piglets.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical study of the effects of heavy metals on the intestinal mucosa in prepubertal rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
P.A. Elyasin ◽  
◽  
S.V. Zalavina ◽  
A.N. Mashak ◽  
E.V. Ovsyanko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Combined Exposure ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Prepubertal Rats ◽  
Small Intestinal

Introduction. Numerous studies of pathological effects of heavy metals were mostly carried out on adult experimental animals. The aim of this work was to evaluate the markers of proliferation and apoptosis in the mucosa of the small intestine in Wistar prepubertal rats under isolated and combined exposure to cadmium and lead at subtoxic doses. Materials and methods. We used immunohistochemistry to study Ki67 and p53 expression in the mucosa of the small intestine in 40 male Wistar prepubertal rats aged 4 weeks, the animals having been exposed to isolated or combined per os subtoxic cadmium and/or lead doses for 21 days. Results. In paraffin sections, we observed a significant increase in Ki67 expression in the epithelium of the small intestine in the group of combined exposure to heavy metals compared to Ki67 expression in the control group and other groups with isolated exposure to cadmium or lead. p53 expression in the epithelium of the small intestinal crypts and villi grew in the experimental groups compared to that in the control group, the highest indices being in the combined exposure group. The number of epithelial goblet cells significantly decreased in all experimental groups compared to that in the control group, the smallest number of goblet cells being observed in isolated exposure to lead compared to that in all other groups. Conclusion. Heavy toxic metals cadmium and lead induced the proliferative activity of epithelial cells in the small intestinal mucosa combined with an increased p53 expression and reduced number of epithelial goblet cells. Keywords: small intestinal mucosa, prepubertal rats, cadmium, lead, proliferation, apoptosis, immunohis-tochemistry

scholarly journals Comparative effect of orally administered sodium butyrate before or after weaning on growth and several indices of gastrointestinal biology of piglets

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1285-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Le Gall ◽  
Mélanie Gallois ◽  
Bernard Sève ◽  
Isabelle Louveau ◽  
Jens J. Holst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Villous Height ◽  
Small Intestinal

Sodium butyrate (SB) provided orally favours body growth and maturation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in milk-fed pigs. In weaned pigs, conflicting results have been obtained. Therefore, we hypothesised that the effects of SB (3 g/kg DM intake) depend on the period (before v. after weaning) of its oral administration. From the age of 5 d, thirty-two pigs, blocked in quadruplicates within litters, were assigned to one of four treatments: no SB (control), SB before (for 24 d), or after (for 11–12 d) weaning and SB before and after weaning (for 35–36 d). Growth performance, feed intake and various end-point indices of GIT anatomy and physiology were investigated at slaughter. The pigs supplemented with SB before weaning grew faster after weaning than the controls (P < 0·05). The feed intake was higher in pigs supplemented with SB before or after weaning (P < 0·05). SB provided before weaning improved post-weaning faecal digestibility (P < 0·05) while SB after weaning decreased ileal and faecal digestibilities (P < 0·05). Gastric digesta retention was higher when SB was provided before weaning (P < 0·05). Post-weaning administration of SB decreased the activity of three pancreatic enzymes and five intestinal enzymes (P < 0·05). IL-18 gene expression tended to be lower in the mid-jejunum in SB-supplemented pigs. The small-intestinal mucosa was thinner and jejunal villous height lower in all SB groups (P < 0·05). In conclusion, the pre-weaning SB supplementation was the most efficient to stimulate body growth and feed intake after weaning, by reducing gastric emptying and intestinal mucosa weight and by increasing feed digestibility.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of apolipoprotein C-III in rat liver and small intestinal mucosa.

1984 ◽  
Vol 259 (4) ◽  
pp. 2452-2456 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Blaufuss ◽  
J I Gordon ◽  
G Schonfeld ◽  
A W Strauss ◽  
D H Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Apolipoprotein C ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals Contribution of Infectious Agents to the Development of Celiac Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Daniel Sánchez ◽  
Iva Hoffmanová ◽  
Adéla Szczepanková ◽  
Věra Hábová ◽  
Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Food Antigens ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
And Function

The ingestion of wheat gliadin (alcohol-soluble proteins, an integral part of wheat gluten) and related proteins induce, in genetically predisposed individuals, celiac disease (CD), which is characterized by immune-mediated impairment of the small intestinal mucosa. The lifelong omission of gluten and related grain proteins, i.e., a gluten-free diet (GFD), is at present the only therapy for CD. Although a GFD usually reduces CD symptoms, it does not entirely restore the small intestinal mucosa to a fully healthy state. Recently, the participation of microbial components in pathogenetic mechanisms of celiac disease was suggested. The present review provides information on infectious diseases associated with CD and the putative role of infections in CD development. Moreover, the involvement of the microbiota as a factor contributing to pathological changes in the intestine is discussed. Attention is paid to the mechanisms by which microbes and their components affect mucosal immunity, including tolerance to food antigens. Modulation of microbiota composition and function and the potential beneficial effects of probiotics in celiac disease are discussed.

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