scholarly journals Pacing strategy during cross-country short track mountain bike event

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhaí André Arriel ◽  
Moacir Marocolo
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Biking ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Pacing Strategy ◽  
Performance Group ◽  
Technical Ability ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Race Performance ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Although in recent years, cross-country short track (XCC) mountain biking became more popular among athletes and coaches, no study has analyzed the main determinants of performance in this modality. Thus, this study investigates performance and pacing profile of professional cross-country cyclists on different technical sections during a XCC competition. Twenty male professional cross-country cyclists (25.9 ± 5.4 years; eight under 23 and twelve elite), performed 6 laps of a XCC 2020 UCI International Mountain Bike Cup. Average speed (lap by lap and in five different technical sections of the track) were analyzed according to athletes, categories and race performance group. For race performance analyses, cyclists were divided into 4 groups (1-4; n=5 each), according to total race time, presenting group 1 the better performance. In general, XCC athletes adopted a positive pacing profile during competition but no differences in speed over the race or in each circuit section were found between categories (p > 0.05). Race performance groups adopted different pacing profiles: group 1 maintained a more even pacing profile, groups 2 and 3 adopted a positive pacing profile and group 4 adopted a reverse J-shaped pacing profile. No difference in speed was found between categories across track sections. Group 1 was 17.9% and 8.3% faster than the group 4 (p < 0.05) on the non-technical uphill section and more technical uphill/downhill section, respectively. A general positive pacing profile during XCC is adopted by the mainly of athletes and this choice of pacing profile is influenced by race performance, regardless of cyclist category. Furthermore, physical fitness is more relevant than technical ability in this competition.

scholarly journals Pacing strategy during Olympic Cross-Country Mountain Bike: effects of performance level, age and sex

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Everton Crivoi Do Carmo ◽  
Allan Inoue ◽  
Cesar Cavinato Cal Abad ◽  
Frederico Antonio dos Santos Andrade ◽  
Valmor Tricoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Pacing Strategy ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Age And Sex

Objectives: the aim of the present study was to verify the pacing strategy during a season of a Cross-Country Mountain Bike (XCO-MTB) and the effects of performance level, age and sex. Method: Overall, 802 paces in 4 age-sex categories were analyzed: male elite (EliteM; n = 272), female elite (EliteF; n = 170), male under-23 (U23M; n = 247) and female under-23 (U23F; n = 113). Races were divided into Initial Lap; middle one (Middle1); middle two (Middle2) and Final Lap. The athletes were divided into high performance (HP); intermediated performance (IP) and low performance (LP). The magnitude-based inference and the effect size were assessed to check the changes clinically important. Results: it was observed a similar fast-start strategy for all categories. Both HP EliteM and EliteF athletes showed higher speed in Final Lap than LP (EliteM - ES = 0.5; 90%CI -0.8 to -0.2; very likely and EliteF - ES = 1.0; 90%CI -1.4 to -0.6; almost certain). The U23F athletes showed higher speeds in Initial Lap than EliteF (ES = 0.21; 90%CI - 0.1 to 0.5; likely), however in Final Lap the speeds was lower in U23F (ES = 1; 90%CI -1.3 to -0.6; very likely). Conclusion: the fast-start strategy is typically used during a XCO-MTB race independently of performance level, age or sex. HP Elite athletes are able to maintain higher speeds in the Final Lap. U23F athletes used to do a more variable pacing strategy with more aggressive fast-start strategy and lower speed in Final Lap than EliteF.

Predictive validity of critical power for mountain bike cross-country race performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 176 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Inoue ◽  
Camila C. Greco ◽  
Fernando A. Pompeu ◽  
Andrea C. Deslandes ◽  
Tony M. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Race Performance

scholarly journals Pacing during a cross-country mountain bike mass-participation event according to race performance, experience, age and sex

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-801
Author(s):  
Samantha Louise Moss ◽  
Ben Francis ◽  
Giovanna Calogiuri ◽  
Jamie Highton
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Mass Participation ◽  
Race Performance ◽  
Age And Sex

Correlation between economy/efficiency and mountain biking cross-country race performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Allan Inoue ◽  
Eduardo Lattari ◽  
Everton Crivoi do Carmo ◽  
Guilherme Moraes Rodrigues ◽  
Bruno Ribeiro Ramalho de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Biking ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Race Performance

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

Does Perioperative Hemoglobin A1c Level Affect the Incidence, Pattern and Mortality of Lower Extremity Amputation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Hassan Al-Thani ◽  
Moamena El-Matbouly ◽  
Maryam Al-Sulaiti ◽  
Noora Al-Thani ◽  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Lower Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 1

Background: We hypothesized that perioperative HbA1c influenced the pattern and outcomes of Lower Extremity Amputation (LEA). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for all patients who underwent LEA between 2000 and 2013. Patients were categorized into 5 groups according to their perioperative HbA1c values [Group 1 (<6.5%), Group 2 (6.5-7.4%), Group 3 (7.5-8.4%), Group 4 (8.5-9.4%) and Group 5 (≥9.5%)]. We identified 848 patients with LEA; perioperative HbA1c levels were available in 547 cases (Group 1: 18.8%, Group 2: 17.7%, Group 3: 15.0%, Group 4: 13.5% and Group 5: 34.9%). Major amputation was performed in 35%, 32%, 22%, 10.8% and 13.6%, respectively. Results: The overall mortality was 36.5%; of that one quarter occurred during the index hospitalization. Mortality was higher in Group 1 (57.4%) compared with Groups 2-5 (46.9%, 38.3%, 36.1% and 31.2%, respectively, p=0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that poor glycemic control (Group 4 and 5) had lower risk of mortality post-LEA [hazard ratio 0.57 (95% CI 0.35-0.93) and hazard ratio 0.46 (95% CI 0.31-0.69)]; this mortality risk persisted even after adjustment for age and sex but was statistically insignificant. The rate of LEA was greater among poor glycemic control patients; however, the mortality was higher among patients with tight control. Conclusion: The effects of HbA1c on the immediate and long-term LEA outcomes and its therapeutic implications need further investigation.

The Effects of the "XGTQ" Medicine in Treating Cirrhosis in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngan Nguyen Hoang ◽  
Thang Duong Minh ◽  
Tuan Anh Hoang ◽  
Son Le Ngoc Bich ◽  
Duong Nguyen Huu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Collagen Accumulation ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: Evaluate the effects of "XGTQ" in the treatment of cirrhosis induced by Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) in combination with alcohol and high-fat diet on Wistar rats. Materials and methods: Cirrhosis on white rats was induced by subcutaneously injecting CC14 at an initial dose of 5,0ml/kg, followed by 1,2ml/kg once a week in 10 weeks. Then, fed with synthetic food, added 20% fat, and 0.05% cholesterol and iron oxalate. Rats were administered every day with plain water and 1 day with water mixed with 30% ethanol. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups and given distilled water (group 1 and 2 or control group), silymarin (group 3 or reference group) or the "XGTQ" drug extract (group 4, 5) for 4 weeks. Collected blood for biochemical test and liver were dissected to evaluate weight, morphology and quantified 4-hydroxyproline to evaluate fibrosis and collagen accumulation. Results: In cirrhotic wistar rats, "XGTQ" drug at 19.6 g/kg/24h and 58.8 g/kg/24h showed the ability of reducing the activity of enzymes AST, ALT in the blood (p<0.01), increasing plasma albumin and decreasing prothrobin time (p<.05); improving physical condition, macroscopic and microscopic images of H&E-stained liver; decreasing the concentration of hydroxyproline in the liver and reducing the level of cirrhosis on the masson-stained templates. The effects of "XGTQ" increased with the dose, and was equivalent to silymarin at the dose of 70 mg/kg/24h. Conclusion: The extract of "XGTQ" drug is effective in treating cirrhosis in Wistar rats.

Association between cervical disc disease and lesions of multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092098356
Author(s):  
Marwan Alkrenawi ◽  
Michael Osherov ◽  
Azaria Simonovich ◽  
Jonathan Droujin ◽  
Ron Milo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Disc ◽  
Cervical Disc Disease ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background Cervical discopathy and demyelinating lesions often co-exist in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Our study examines the possible association between these two pathologies. Methods Medical records and cervical magnetic resonance imaging scans of MS patients with cervical discopathy who were seen at our MS clinic during 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The severity of the disc disease was classified as grade I (no compression), grade II (compression of the dural sac) and grade III (cord compression). The spinal cord in each scan was divided into six segments corresponding to the intervertebral space of the spine (C1–C6). Each segment was defined as containing demyelinating lesion and disc pathology (group 1), demyelinating lesion without disc pathology (group 2), disc pathology without demyelinating lesion (group 3) and no demyelinating lesion or disc pathology (group 4). Fisher’s exact test was used to test the association between demyelinating lesions and disc pathology. Results Thirty-four MS patients with cervical discopathy were included in the study (26 females; average age 42.9 ± 13.7 years; average disease duration 8.4 ± 5.4 years). A total of 204 spinal cord segments were evaluated. Twenty-four segments were classified as group 1, 27 segments as group 2, 52 segments as group 3 and 101 segments as group 4. There was no association between demyelinating lesions and the grade of disc disease ( p = 0.1 for grade I, p = 0.3 for grade II and p = 1 for grade III disc disease). Conclusion Our study did not find any association between cervical disc disease and demyelinating spinal cord lesion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document