scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Newcastle Disease Virus in Local Chickens in Njombe and Bahi Districs in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elifuraha Barnabas Mngumi ◽  
Emmanuel Bunuma
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Backyard Flocks

Abstract Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes significant losses of poultry in Tanzania. Like in many African countries, the regular surveillance of NDV is important for the control of disease. The objective of this study was to determine seroprevalence of NDV in backyard poultry in Bahi and Njombe districts of Tanzania over the rainy (May) and dry (November) seasons in 2016. Using hemaglutination inhibition test, the overall seroprevalence was determined to be 26.8%. The significant differences in seroprevalence was between seasons ((higher (34.9%) in dry season, p < 0.0001)) and age ((higher (30.3%), p < 0.0001 in adult birds)). There were no significant differences in seroprevalence between the districts or sex. The higher levels of “protective” antibody titers were significantly associated with location; Njombe (RR 1.15), dry season (RR 1.08), and age; adult birds (RR 1.16), however the prevalence of these titers was not high enough to conclude any herd immunity among these flocks. This study therefore provides a brief insight of NDV disease dynamics in Tanzania. Future studies focusing on transmission, strain type, and monthly dynamics of NDV in backyard flocks will provide greater insight into the disease dynamics and allow new practical strategies to alleviate the effects of NDV for the smallholder farmers

scholarly journals Safety and Immunogenicity Analysis of a Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV-HXP-S) Expressing the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 in Sprague Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnstone Tcheou ◽  
Ariel Raskin ◽  
Gagandeep Singh ◽  
Hisaaki Kawabata ◽  
Dominika Bielak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Antibody Titers

Despite global vaccination efforts, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve and spread globally. Relatively high vaccination rates have been achieved in most regions of the United States and several countries worldwide. However, access to vaccines in low- and mid-income countries (LMICs) is still suboptimal. Second generation vaccines that are universally affordable and induce systemic and mucosal immunity are needed. Here we performed an extended safety and immunogenicity analysis of a second-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine consisting of a live Newcastle disease virus vector expressing a pre-fusion stabilized version of the spike protein (NDV-HXP-S) administered intranasally (IN), intramuscularly (IM), or IN followed by IM in Sprague Dawley rats. Local reactogenicity, systemic toxicity, and post-mortem histopathology were assessed after the vaccine administration, with no indication of severe local or systemic reactions. Immunogenicity studies showed that the three vaccination regimens tested elicited high antibody titers against the wild type SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the NDV vector. Moreover, high antibody titers were induced against the spike of B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta) and B.1.617.2 (delta) variants of concern (VOCs). Importantly, robust levels of serum antibodies with neutralizing activity against the authentic SARS-CoV-2 USA‐WA1/2020 isolate were detected after the boost. Overall, our study expands the pre-clinical safety and immunogenicity characterization of NDV-HXP-S and reinforces previous findings in other animal models about its high immunogenicity. Clinical testing of this vaccination approach is ongoing in different countries including Thailand, Vietnam, Brazil and Mexico.

scholarly journals Humoral immune response against Newcastle disease virus and its pathological changes in vaccinated chickens in selected areas of Barisal district in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167
Author(s):  
Nasrin Akter Sumona ◽  
Khondoker Jahengir Alam ◽  
Md Yeasin Arafat ◽  
Imam Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Layer Chickens

The objectives of this study were to evaluate humoral immunity against Newcastle disease (ND) virus in vaccinated chickens in terms of serum HI antibody titers in broiler and layer chickens and to determine pathological changes in vaccinated chickens. A total of 240 serum samples were collected from broiler (135) and layer (105) chickens from Barishal Sadar, Babugonj and Gournadi Upazilas of Barishal district in Bangladesh after two weeks of scheduled vaccination programme. The overall detection of Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies against Newcastle disease virus was 62.2% in broiler and 83.8% in layer chickens. The percentages of specific HI antibody titer in broiler chickens were 57.5, 70 and 48 in 1-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks, and 4-above weeks age groups respectively where in layer chickens were 85, 80, 90, 80 and 80 in 15-24 weeks, 25-34 weeks, 35-44 weeks, 45-54 weeks and > 55 weeks of age groups respectively. For both broiler and layer chicken’s protective antibody titers were found higher in adult than in young chickens. Out of 240 samples HI titers of 172 (71.67%) samples were found at protective level, 42 (17.5%) samples were at marginal level and 26 (10.83%) samples were below protective level. Among 26 samples of non-protective level, 21 were broiler and 5 were layer chicken. Out of 26 samples, 10 (38.46%) were found apparently infected with NDV where 8 (38.09%) were broiler and 2 (40%) were layer. The apparently infected birds were diagnosed on the basis of postmortem findings and histopathological lesions. Results of the present investigation may help to design appropriate vaccination schedule for ND in broiler and layer chickens and thus to protect chickens from ND in field condition. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 155-167

Different Regimes for Challenge Instigation against Newcastle Disease Virus in Layer Birds

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
MR Rahman ◽  
NA Rumi ◽  
MK Hossain ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MG Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Antibody Titers

Newcastle disease is a highly contagious disease of poultry and causes huge economic loss in Bangladesh. In the study, the efficacy of different vaccination programs against Newcastle disease virus was performed to examine duration and level of antibody in two layer farms with different diluents. The experiment was carried out in Dinajpur district and serological test was performed in the Department of Microbiology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during the period of July, 2017 to December, 2017. A total of 200 blood samples were randomly collected from different age groups of layer birds which were vaccinated with commercially available two live and one killed vaccine namely Avi ND LaSota, CEVAC NEW L and ITA-New (ND). Pre-vaccination serum antibody titers (Mean ± SD) of group A birds were 5.97±0.75. Firstly, birds were vaccinated with Avi ND LASOTA® vaccine, and CEVAC® NEW L vaccine. MASTERBLUE powder and ADVANCE NON-FAT were used as diluents in vaccination. After 40 days of post-vaccination, sera samples were procured and showed serum antibody titer (Mean ± SD) 7.0 ± 0.93. In case of farm-B, before vaccination antibody titers levels against NDV were Mean ± SD 5.85±0.75. Birds of farm-B were vaccinated with Avi ND LaSota® vaccine. After 40 days of post-vaccination, titer was Mean ± SD 6.7 ± 0.93. Then birds were vaccinated with ITA-New (ND) ® which were killed vaccine. After 40 days of post-vaccination, the titer was Mean ± SD 8.15± 0.93. MASTERBLUE powder and ADVANCE NON-FAT are suitable diluents to be used in vaccination against Newcastle disease because tap water may inactivate the vaccine due to its impurity in addition to containing higher level of chlorine and even the type of pipes or vessels used to distribute the drinking water. The results showed that the level of protection of vaccinated birds was satisfactory.

scholarly journals Herd immunity to Newcastle disease virus in poultry by vaccination

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel van Boven ◽  
Annemarie Bouma ◽  
Teun H. F. Fabri ◽  
Elly Katsma ◽  
Leo Hartog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Herd Immunity

scholarly journals Immunogenicity and Safety of La Sota Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus Administered to Newly Hatched Chicks by Nebulization

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Mazija ◽  
Stanislav Čajavec ◽  
Estella Prukner-Radovčić ◽  
Neda Ergotić ◽  
Irena Ciglar-Grozdanić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Backyard Flocks ◽  
The Given ◽  
Commercial Chickens

The objective of four trials performed on specific-pathogen-free and commercial chickens, either of light or heavy hybrids, was to evaluate the new vaccine delivery method to newly hatched chickens using commercial La Sota vaccine. The vaccine was given by means of nebulization using an ultrasonic device producing homologous aerosol of particles ranging 3–5 microns in diameter. Chickens were exposed to the La Sota vaccine for 30, 60 or 300 s in a closed chamber of the device, thus enabling constant particle size during vaccination. No adverse reaction to the given vaccine was recorded, and the immunity, developed no later than 7 days after vaccination, lasted for at least 49 days which was confirmed by challenge infection using Herts 33 strain of Newcastle disease virus. Maternal antibodies did not influence the development of immunity. Regarding the mode of vaccination, the described method is suitable for the control of Newcastle disease in both big poultry enterprises as well as small backyard flocks when newly hatched chickens are supplied from local hatcheries.

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