scholarly journals Safety and Immunogenicity Analysis of a Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV-HXP-S) Expressing the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 in Sprague Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnstone Tcheou ◽  
Ariel Raskin ◽  
Gagandeep Singh ◽  
Hisaaki Kawabata ◽  
Dominika Bielak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Antibody Titers

Despite global vaccination efforts, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve and spread globally. Relatively high vaccination rates have been achieved in most regions of the United States and several countries worldwide. However, access to vaccines in low- and mid-income countries (LMICs) is still suboptimal. Second generation vaccines that are universally affordable and induce systemic and mucosal immunity are needed. Here we performed an extended safety and immunogenicity analysis of a second-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine consisting of a live Newcastle disease virus vector expressing a pre-fusion stabilized version of the spike protein (NDV-HXP-S) administered intranasally (IN), intramuscularly (IM), or IN followed by IM in Sprague Dawley rats. Local reactogenicity, systemic toxicity, and post-mortem histopathology were assessed after the vaccine administration, with no indication of severe local or systemic reactions. Immunogenicity studies showed that the three vaccination regimens tested elicited high antibody titers against the wild type SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the NDV vector. Moreover, high antibody titers were induced against the spike of B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta) and B.1.617.2 (delta) variants of concern (VOCs). Importantly, robust levels of serum antibodies with neutralizing activity against the authentic SARS-CoV-2 USA‐WA1/2020 isolate were detected after the boost. Overall, our study expands the pre-clinical safety and immunogenicity characterization of NDV-HXP-S and reinforces previous findings in other animal models about its high immunogenicity. Clinical testing of this vaccination approach is ongoing in different countries including Thailand, Vietnam, Brazil and Mexico.

scholarly journals Humoral immune response against Newcastle disease virus and its pathological changes in vaccinated chickens in selected areas of Barisal district in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167
Author(s):  
Nasrin Akter Sumona ◽  
Khondoker Jahengir Alam ◽  
Md Yeasin Arafat ◽  
Imam Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Layer Chickens

The objectives of this study were to evaluate humoral immunity against Newcastle disease (ND) virus in vaccinated chickens in terms of serum HI antibody titers in broiler and layer chickens and to determine pathological changes in vaccinated chickens. A total of 240 serum samples were collected from broiler (135) and layer (105) chickens from Barishal Sadar, Babugonj and Gournadi Upazilas of Barishal district in Bangladesh after two weeks of scheduled vaccination programme. The overall detection of Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies against Newcastle disease virus was 62.2% in broiler and 83.8% in layer chickens. The percentages of specific HI antibody titer in broiler chickens were 57.5, 70 and 48 in 1-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks, and 4-above weeks age groups respectively where in layer chickens were 85, 80, 90, 80 and 80 in 15-24 weeks, 25-34 weeks, 35-44 weeks, 45-54 weeks and > 55 weeks of age groups respectively. For both broiler and layer chicken’s protective antibody titers were found higher in adult than in young chickens. Out of 240 samples HI titers of 172 (71.67%) samples were found at protective level, 42 (17.5%) samples were at marginal level and 26 (10.83%) samples were below protective level. Among 26 samples of non-protective level, 21 were broiler and 5 were layer chicken. Out of 26 samples, 10 (38.46%) were found apparently infected with NDV where 8 (38.09%) were broiler and 2 (40%) were layer. The apparently infected birds were diagnosed on the basis of postmortem findings and histopathological lesions. Results of the present investigation may help to design appropriate vaccination schedule for ND in broiler and layer chickens and thus to protect chickens from ND in field condition. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 155-167

scholarly journals Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 as a live virus vaccine candidate

EBioMedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 103132
Author(s):  
Weina Sun ◽  
Sarah R. Leist ◽  
Stephen McCroskery ◽  
Yonghong Liu ◽  
Stefan Slamanig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Live Virus Vaccine

Different Regimes for Challenge Instigation against Newcastle Disease Virus in Layer Birds

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
MR Rahman ◽  
NA Rumi ◽  
MK Hossain ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MG Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Antibody Titers

Newcastle disease is a highly contagious disease of poultry and causes huge economic loss in Bangladesh. In the study, the efficacy of different vaccination programs against Newcastle disease virus was performed to examine duration and level of antibody in two layer farms with different diluents. The experiment was carried out in Dinajpur district and serological test was performed in the Department of Microbiology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during the period of July, 2017 to December, 2017. A total of 200 blood samples were randomly collected from different age groups of layer birds which were vaccinated with commercially available two live and one killed vaccine namely Avi ND LaSota, CEVAC NEW L and ITA-New (ND). Pre-vaccination serum antibody titers (Mean ± SD) of group A birds were 5.97±0.75. Firstly, birds were vaccinated with Avi ND LASOTA® vaccine, and CEVAC® NEW L vaccine. MASTERBLUE powder and ADVANCE NON-FAT were used as diluents in vaccination. After 40 days of post-vaccination, sera samples were procured and showed serum antibody titer (Mean ± SD) 7.0 ± 0.93. In case of farm-B, before vaccination antibody titers levels against NDV were Mean ± SD 5.85±0.75. Birds of farm-B were vaccinated with Avi ND LaSota® vaccine. After 40 days of post-vaccination, titer was Mean ± SD 6.7 ± 0.93. Then birds were vaccinated with ITA-New (ND) ® which were killed vaccine. After 40 days of post-vaccination, the titer was Mean ± SD 8.15± 0.93. MASTERBLUE powder and ADVANCE NON-FAT are suitable diluents to be used in vaccination against Newcastle disease because tap water may inactivate the vaccine due to its impurity in addition to containing higher level of chlorine and even the type of pipes or vessels used to distribute the drinking water. The results showed that the level of protection of vaccinated birds was satisfactory.

scholarly journals Strain differences in the Newcastle disease virus

1956 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Macpherson ◽  
R. H. A. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Group ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Minimum Capacity ◽  
Highly Virulent

The biological characters of eight strains of the Newcastle disease virus, isolated in different parts of the world between 1933 and 1951, have been studied and compared in detail.Two types of the virus have been distinguished, one from the Newcastle disease prevalent in Europe and Australia, the other from that occurring in the United States of America.Viruses of the first type are highly virulent, multiply rapidly and successively develop the properties of infectivity, haemagglutination and haemolysis. Their haemagglutination pattern is constant and wide; they profoundly modify human group O erythrocytes, and they are antigenically homogeneous.Viruses of the second type are of weaker virulence. They grow at a slower rate in the allantoic cavity of the chick embryo, and the development of their characters is retarded; they have a reduced haemagglutination pattern and only a minimum capacity to modify human group O cells. Antigenically strains of the second type are homogeneous.From haemagglutination inhibition and absorption studies it is concluded that major antigens are shared by both types, and that the first type possesses one or more antigens lacking in the second.The highly virulent Canadian TWISS strain possesses the characters of the first type and an antigenic constitution with features of both types.The significance of the results is discussed in relation to the ecology of Newcastle disease.

scholarly journals Indirect Method for Prediction of Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Titers to Newcastle Disease Virus in Chickens by Titration of Antibodies in Egg Yolk

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
SangGeon Yeo ◽  
Eva Nagy ◽  
Peter J. Krell
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Inhibition Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Feasible Alternative

Attempts were made to establish methods for indirect prediction of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in sera of laying hens and day-old chicks by determining if these are correlated to HI titers in egg yolks. For this purpose, geometric means of HI antibody titers in sera from 60 hens, yolks from 60 matched eggs, and sera from 180 day-old chicks of an identical vaccination program were measured and plotted. There was a significant correlation between HI antibody titers in yolks (X) and hens (Y), with a linear regression of Y = 23.24 + 0.47X and a correlation coefficient of r = 0.65. The linear regression between HI antibody titers in yolks (X) and chicks (Y) was Y = 6.33 + 0.36X ( r = 0.58). Immunity to NDV in hens and their offspring can be maintained effectively, and the proper time for the vaccination or booster can be determined by reference to HI titers predicted from the linear regression in the present study. The approach of testing egg yolk for HI titers provides a feasible alternative to determining HI titers from blood samples and eliminates stress in birds during blood sampling.

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