scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Charcteristic of a Recombinant Feline Calicivirus from Qingdao, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxiang Liu ◽  
Xiaoliang Hu ◽  
Lide Qin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Recombinant Virus ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Recombination Analysis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious pathogen that can cause seriously upper respiratory tract and oral disease in feline. Despite widespread vaccination, the prevalence of FCV remains high. In this study, the FCV qd/2019/china was isolated from domestic feline oropharyngeal swab which was collected in qingdao, China. The virus was purified with plaque assay and identified with PCR and IFA method. the capsid amino acid ,VP1, of qd/2019/china [1] showed sequence identity with other isolate ranging from 83.9% (ym3/2001/jp) to 91.1% (CH-JL4) .Sequence analysis of the capsid amino acid revealed that qd/2019/china was closely related to CH-JL4 and clustered with CH-JL4 in the phylogenetic tree. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that complete genome of qd/2019/china and CH-JL4 was also classified into the same cluster. While the recombination analysis with Simplot indicate that the qd/2019/china originated from the recombination of CH-JL4 and HRB-SS, and the region 3821–5301 nt originated from HRB-SS. Further, the region 3821–5301 nt belong to protease -polymerase (PP) of HRB-SS. Here we isolate a new FCV qd/2019/china, which may be a recombinant virus, These results were beneficial for understanding the evolution of FCV.

scholarly journals The basic keratin 10-binding domain of the virulence-associated pneumococcal serine-rich protein PsrP adopts a novel MSCRAMM fold

Open Biology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 130090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Schulte ◽  
Jonas Löfling ◽  
Cecilia Mikaelsson ◽  
Alexey Kikhney ◽  
Karina Hentrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Binding Region ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Novel Variant ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Β Sheet ◽  
Specific Virulence

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human pathogen, and a leading cause of disease and death worldwide. Pneumococcal invasive disease is triggered by initial asymptomatic colonization of the human upper respiratory tract. The pneumococcal serine-rich repeat protein (PsrP) is a lung-specific virulence factor whose functional binding region (BR) binds to keratin-10 (KRT10) and promotes pneumococcal biofilm formation through self-oligomerization. We present the crystal structure of the KRT10-binding domain of PsrP (BR 187–385 ) determined to 2.0 Å resolution. BR 187–385 adopts a novel variant of the DEv-IgG fold, typical for microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules adhesins, despite very low sequence identity. An extended β-sheet on one side of the compressed, two-sided barrel presents a basic groove that possibly binds to the acidic helical rod domain of KRT10. Our study also demonstrates the importance of the other side of the barrel, formed by extensive well-ordered loops and stabilized by short β-strands, for interaction with KRT10.

scholarly journals The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis is triggered during feline calicivirus infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Natoni ◽  
George E. N. Kass ◽  
Michael J. Carter ◽  
Lisa O. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Mitochondrial Pathway ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
The Family ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Subsequent Activation

Feline calicivirus (FCV) belongs to the family Caliciviridae and is an important pathogen of the upper respiratory tract of cats. Recent studies have shown that cells infected with FCV undergo apoptosis, as evidenced by caspase activation, chromatin condensation and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Here, the upstream events were investigated in order to define the molecular mechanism of apoptosis in FCV-infected cells. It was shown that FCV induced translocation of phosphatidylserine to the cell outer membrane and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria at about 6–8 h post-infection. These events were preceded by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and Bax translocation from the cytosol to mitochondria between 4 and 6 h after infection. Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria triggered the activation of caspase-9 and the subsequent activation of the executioner caspase, caspase-3. These results suggest that the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis is triggered during FCV infection.

Prevalence of feline herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus, Chlamydophila felis and Mycoplasma felis DNA and associated risk factors in cats in Spain with upper respiratory tract disease, conjunctivitis and/or gingivostomatitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Fernandez ◽  
Edgar G Manzanilla ◽  
Albert Lloret ◽  
Marta León ◽  
Jean-Christophe Thibault
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Objectives Our objective was to perform the first multicentric study in Spain to evaluate the prevalence of feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), Chlamydophila felis and Mycoplasma felis in cats with upper respiratory tract disease (URTD), conjunctivitis and/or gingivostomatitis (GS) compared with control cats; and to evaluate risk factors for these clinical conditions. Methods Conjunctival and oropharyngeal swabs were collected and a questionnaire regarding signalment, lifestyle, vaccination history and clinical signs was obtained for each cat. Swabs were tested for each pathogen by real-time PCR. Results The study population consisted of 358 cats, including 98 control cats. Among the 260 diseased cats, 127 cats presented with URTD, 149 cats had conjunctivitis, 154 cats were suffering GS; many cats presented more than one clinical condition. The prevalence observed of FHV-1, FCV, C felis and M felis was, respectively, 28.3%, 48.0%, 20.5% and 46.5% in cats with URTD; 24.2%, 43.6%, 19.5% and 38.3% in cats with conjunctivitis; and 15.6%, 58.4%, 9.1% and 37.7% in cats with GS. Prevalences in the control group were 6.1%, 15.3%, 2.0% and 20.4%, respectively. Coinfections were common among all groups of cats. Risk factors were identified for all groups. FHV-1, FCV and C felis were associated with URTD and conjunctivitis. FCV was strongly associated with GS. M felis was present in a high percentage of the population in all groups, but its role in these clinical conditions remains uncertain. Vaccination was protective for URTD and GS but not for conjunctivitis. Conclusions and relevance This epidemiological study describes, for the first time, prevalence for FHV-1, FCV, C felis and M felis in Spain. In general, the prevalences found are similar to those reported in other countries. Factors associated with disease expression were also identified, which are relevant for practitioners.

scholarly journals Multiple Correspondence Analysis on Amino Acid Properties within the Variable Region of the Capsid Protein Shows Differences between Classical and Virulent Systemic Feline Calicivirus Strains

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Brunet ◽  
Cécile Sigoillot-Claude ◽  
Daniel Pialot ◽  
Hervé Poulet
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acid Properties ◽  
Amino Acid Properties

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a widespread and highly prevalent pathogen of domestic cats, responsible for mild upper respiratory tract disease. Outbreaks of severe virulent systemic disease (VSD) associated with FCV infection have been reported worldwide. VSD FCV strains have a broader tropism and cause a systemic vascular compromise. Despite clear differences in the pathogenesis of VSD and oral respiratory infections, attempts to identify specific molecular markers of VSD strains on the major capsid protein VP1 have failed. Region E of VP1 is responsible for the interaction with the cell receptor Junctional Adhesion Molecule JAM-1 (FeJAM-1) and with VP2 minor capsid protein during the entry of the virus. We carried out an original analysis on the sequences from region E of VSD and classical strains. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis was performed on a Boolean matrix built by coding sequences on the basis of their amino acid properties. For the first time, this approach was able to differentiate VSD and classical FCV. Seven remarkable residue positions were shown to be statistically significant for pathotype differentiation, mainly located in the N-terminal hypervariable part of region E. As structural analysis suggested an interaction of these residues with FeJAM-1 or VP2, post-binding events, and specific conformational changes may explain the difference of pathogenesis between pathotypes.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the upper respiratory tract microbiota and its association with fatality in COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingkun Li ◽  
Lili Ren ◽  
Yeming Wang ◽  
Jiaxin Zhong ◽  
Dingyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract The pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is ongoing globally, which is a big challenge for public health. Alteration of human microbiota had been observed in COVID-19. However, it is unknown how the microbiota is associated with the fatality in COVID-19. We conducted metatranscriptome sequencing on 588 longitudinal oropharyngeal swab specimens collected from 192 COVID-19 patients recruited in the LOTUS clinical trial (Registration number: ChiCTR2000029308) (including 39 deceased patients), and 95 healthy controls from the same geographic area. The upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiota in COVID-19 patients differed from that in healthy controls, while deceased patients possessed a more distinct microbiota. Streptococcus was enriched in recovered patients, whereas potential pathogens, including Candida and Enterococcus, were more abundant in deceased patients. Moreover, the microbiota dominated by Streptococcus was more stable than that dominated by other species. In contrast, the URT microbiota in deceased patients showed a more significant alteration and became more deviated from the norm after admission. The abundance of Streptococcus on admission, particularly that of S. parasanguinis, was identified as a strong predictor of fatality by Cox and L1 regularized logistic regression analysis, thus could be used as a potential prognostic biomarker of COVID-19. The generalization of the results in other populations and underlying mechanisms needs further investigations.

scholarly journals First detection of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of concern in a symptomatic cat in Spain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Barroso-Arévalo ◽  
Lidia Sánchez-Morales ◽  
Marta Pérez-Sancho ◽  
Lucas Domínguez Rodríguez ◽  
Jose M Sánchez-Vizcaíno
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Active Infection ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract Natural and experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection in pets has been widely evidenced since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the numerous affected animals, cats are one of the most susceptible species. However, little is known about viral pathogenicity and transmissibility in the case of variants of concern (VOCs) in animal hosts, such as the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant first detected in India. Here, we have identified the B.1.617.2 (Delta) VOC in a cat living with a COVID-19 positive owner. The animal presented mild symptoms (sneezing) and a high viral load was detected in the oropharyngeal swab, suggesting that an active infection was occurring in the upper respiratory tract of the cat. Transmission from the owner to the cat occurred despite the human being fully vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. This study documents the first detection of B.1.165.2 VOC in a cat worldwide and emphasizes the importance of performing active surveillance and genomic investigation on infected animals.

scholarly journals Molecular Investigation of Feline Calicivirus Infection in China, 2019-2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Peng Qian ◽  
Caihong Liu ◽  
Yujiao Cao ◽  
Yalei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Molecular Investigation ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Reference Strains

Abstract Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious viral pathogen of upper respiratory infections and oral disease in cats. To investigate the prevalence and gene characteristic of FCV in China, a total of 1739 clinical swabs of cat eyes and nasal were collected from 19 cities in China from 2019 to 2020. The FCV from clinical samples were isolated in F81 cells, and the gene sequences of the isolated FCV’s capsid proteins were phylogenetically analyzed by constructing the phylogenetic tree with the FCV vaccine strain F9 and reference strains of other countries. Results revealed a prevalence of 13.0% (226/1739) for FCV in China in this study, and samples from Langfang showed the highest prevalence in the cities. The 74 FCV strains isolated from clinical samples shared the nucleotide identity of 73.4%-79.1% and the amino acid identity of 83%-90% comparing with the F9 strain. Phylogenetic analysis reveals two branches of these FCV strains from China, which distinct from the vaccine strains of F9 and 255, and other reference strains. Structurally, the highly variable sites of capsid protein were exposed on the protein surface between circulating strains in China and the vaccine strain F9. Overall, this study would promote the understanding of the FCV prevalence and gene characteristics in China.

scholarly journals Investigation of Feline calicivirus infection in cats with upper respiratory tract disease in Diyarbakir, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. e177172
Author(s):  
Nazan Baksi ◽  
Aynur Simsek
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Tract Disease

Feline calicivirus is among the most common pathogenic microorganisms in upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) and oral lesions of cats. It leads to stomatitis, oral ulceration, ocular and nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, fever, lameness, anorexia, hypersalivation, pneumonia, respiratory distress, coughing, and depression in infected cats. This study aimed to determine the role of Feline calicivirus (FCV) in cats with the upper respiratory tract disease in the Diyarbakir region, Turkey, to provide treatment for infected cats and contribute to the disease prophylaxis. The study material consisted of 10 cats (control group) considered to be healthy according to the clinical examination and 20 cats with URTD that were not vaccinated against Feline calicivirus infection of different breeds, ages, and genders brought to Dicle University Veterinary Faculty Prof. Dr. Servet SEKIN Polyclinic with URTD. After routine clinical examinations of the animals, oral and conjunctival swabs and blood samples were taken. Hematological and biochemical analyzes of blood samples were performed. Swab samples were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the diagnosis of the agent. Oral lesions, hypersalivation, ocular and nasal discharge, coughing, and breathing difficulties were seen in clinical examinations of cats with URTD. Feline calicivirus was detected in only one cat’s conjunctival swab sample in PCR analyses. As a result, we found that Feline calicivirus infection was present in cats with URTD in the Diyarbakir region, and 5% positivity was found in cats with clinical symptoms according to PCR analysis.

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