scholarly journals Molecular Investigation of Feline Calicivirus Infection in China, 2019-2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Peng Qian ◽  
Caihong Liu ◽  
Yujiao Cao ◽  
Yalei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Molecular Investigation ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Reference Strains

Abstract Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious viral pathogen of upper respiratory infections and oral disease in cats. To investigate the prevalence and gene characteristic of FCV in China, a total of 1739 clinical swabs of cat eyes and nasal were collected from 19 cities in China from 2019 to 2020. The FCV from clinical samples were isolated in F81 cells, and the gene sequences of the isolated FCV’s capsid proteins were phylogenetically analyzed by constructing the phylogenetic tree with the FCV vaccine strain F9 and reference strains of other countries. Results revealed a prevalence of 13.0% (226/1739) for FCV in China in this study, and samples from Langfang showed the highest prevalence in the cities. The 74 FCV strains isolated from clinical samples shared the nucleotide identity of 73.4%-79.1% and the amino acid identity of 83%-90% comparing with the F9 strain. Phylogenetic analysis reveals two branches of these FCV strains from China, which distinct from the vaccine strains of F9 and 255, and other reference strains. Structurally, the highly variable sites of capsid protein were exposed on the protein surface between circulating strains in China and the vaccine strain F9. Overall, this study would promote the understanding of the FCV prevalence and gene characteristics in China.

scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Charcteristic of a Recombinant Feline Calicivirus from Qingdao, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxiang Liu ◽  
Xiaoliang Hu ◽  
Lide Qin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Recombinant Virus ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Recombination Analysis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious pathogen that can cause seriously upper respiratory tract and oral disease in feline. Despite widespread vaccination, the prevalence of FCV remains high. In this study, the FCV qd/2019/china was isolated from domestic feline oropharyngeal swab which was collected in qingdao, China. The virus was purified with plaque assay and identified with PCR and IFA method. the capsid amino acid ,VP1, of qd/2019/china [1] showed sequence identity with other isolate ranging from 83.9% (ym3/2001/jp) to 91.1% (CH-JL4) .Sequence analysis of the capsid amino acid revealed that qd/2019/china was closely related to CH-JL4 and clustered with CH-JL4 in the phylogenetic tree. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that complete genome of qd/2019/china and CH-JL4 was also classified into the same cluster. While the recombination analysis with Simplot indicate that the qd/2019/china originated from the recombination of CH-JL4 and HRB-SS, and the region 3821–5301 nt originated from HRB-SS. Further, the region 3821–5301 nt belong to protease -polymerase (PP) of HRB-SS. Here we isolate a new FCV qd/2019/china, which may be a recombinant virus, These results were beneficial for understanding the evolution of FCV.

scholarly journals Molecular Screening and Analysis Reveal Novel Oral Site-Specific Locations for the Cariogenic Pathogen Scardovia wiggsiae

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Steven McDaniel ◽  
Jaydene McDaniel ◽  
Katherine M. Howard ◽  
Karl Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Clinical Patient ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Oral Site

Introduction: Scardovia wiggsiae (SW) is a newly identified cariogenic pathogen associated with severe early childhood caries and oral disease. New studies have confirmed the presence of this organism among clinical samples from both pediatric and adult patients. However, the recent discovery of this organism has left researchers with only limited information available regarding the prevalence of this organism—and virtually no information regarding oral site-specific locations. Based upon this lack of information, the overall objective of this study was to perform an oral site-specific analysis of SW prevalence from clinical samples. Methods: Using an approved human subjects protocol, samples (n = 60) from an existing saliva and site-specific biorepository were identified and screened for SW presence using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). These data were summarized and subsequently analyzed for correlations with demographic (age, sex, race or ethnicity) or clinical (body mass index or BMI, primary/mixed/permanent dentition, orthodontic brackets) variables. Results: These data revealed that average DNA concentrations from all sample sites (saliva, dorsum of tongue, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), biofilm of upper buccal molar, and biofilm of lower lingual incisor) ranged between 13.74 and 14.69 μg/μL, with an overall average of 14.30 μg/μL ± 1.12 (standard error or SE). qPCR screening revealed a total of n = 34/60 or 56.7% of patient samples harboring SW. A total of n = 71/170 specific oral sites harbored this organism, with the majority of the SW-positive participant samples harboring SW at more than one oral site, n = 22/34 or 64.7%, including non-traditional sites such as GCF and the dorsum of the tongue. Weak correlations were found between specific SW outcomes in GCF and type of dentition (permanent; R = 0.2444), as well as SW outcomes in saliva with age (R = 0.228) and presence of orthodontic brackets (R = 0.2118). Conclusions: This study may be among the first to provide oral site-specific analysis to reveal the prevalence and location of Scardovia among clinical patient samples. Moreover, these data also provide some of the first evidence to suggest this organism may be present not only in traditional supragingival tooth-associated biofilm sites, but also in non-traditional oral sites including the dorsum of the tongue and the gingival crevice. Based upon these results, these data may represent a significant advance in our understanding of the potential sites and locations that harbor this organism and may help contribute to our understanding of the prevalence, distribution and potential for the development of oral disease among clinic patients.

scholarly journals Viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections in Macao: a retrospective study from 2014 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Lei ◽  
Lisong Yang ◽  
Cheong Tat Lou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Kin Ian SiTou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are among the leading causes of hospitalization in children. Understanding the local dominant viral etiologies is important to inform infection control practices and clinical management. This study aimed to investigate the viral etiology and epidemiology of respiratory infections among pediatric inpatients in Macao. Methods A retrospective study using electronic health records between 2014 and 2017 at Kiang Wu Hospital was performed. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from hospitalized children aged 13 years or younger with respiratory tract diseases. xMAP multiplex assays were employed to detect respiratory agents including 10 respiratory viruses. Data were analyzed to describe the frequency and seasonality. Results Of the 4880 children enrolled in the study, 3767 (77.1%) were positive for at least one of the 13 viral pathogens tested, of which 2707 (55.5%) being male and 2635 (70.0%) under 2 years old. Among the positive results, there were 3091 (82.0%) single infections and 676 (18.0%) multiple infections. The predominant viruses included human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV 27.4%), adenovirus (ADV, 15.8%), respiratory syncytial virus B (RSVB, 7.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus A (RSVA, 7.8%). The detection of viral infection was the most prevalent in autumn (960/1176, 81.6%), followed by spring (1095/1406, 77.9%), winter (768/992, 77.4%), and summer (944/1306, 72.3%), with HRV/EV and ADV being most commonly detected throughout the 4 years of study period. The detection rate of viral infection was highest among ARI patients presented with croup (123/141, 87.2%), followed by lower respiratory tract infection (1924/2356, 81.7%) and upper respiratory tract infection (1720/2383, 72.2%). FluA, FluB and ADV were positive factors for upper respiratory tract infections. On the other hand, infection with RSVA, RSVB, PIV3, PIV4, HMPV, and EV/RHV were positively associated with lower respiratory tract infections; and PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3 were positively associated with croup. Conclusions This is the first study in Macao to determine the viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for ARIs. The study findings can contribute to the awareness of pathogen, appropriate preventative measure, accurate diagnosis, and proper clinical management of respiratory viral infections among children in Macao.

scholarly journals Effects of Sucrose and Other Additives on In Vitro Growth and Development of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahanayake Nilanthi ◽  
Yue-Sheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Plant ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower) is being used for the preparation of more than 240 extracts, salves, and tinctures to help cure diseases like rabies, cold, and upper respiratory infections. Hence, efforts were made to develop a culture medium for successful in vitro culturing of cornflower and to regenerate buds and induce roots to enable mass propagation of selected clones. Of the three levels of sucrose tested as a supplement to MS media (Murashige and Skoog’s medium, 1962) 3% showed better rooting of buds and appeared morphologically normal and identical as compared to those grown at higher and lower concentrations (2 and 4%). The additives hydrolyzed lactabumin (0.0, 100, 300, and 900 mgL−1), peptone (0.0, 100, 300, and 900 mgL−1), and yeast (0.0, 100, 300, and 900 mgL−1) to media containing 0.3 mgL−1 BA (6-benzyladenine) and 0.01 mgL−1 NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid-plant growth regulators) has negatively influenced proliferation of shoots. The higher concentrations of the above have delayed the development of plantlets. Shoot multiplication was enhanced by coconut water with 2% being the best among 4 and 8% tested. Shoot organogenesis was not influenced by copper sulphate (0, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 mgL−1) and silver nitrate (0.0, 0.5, 2.5, and 12.5 mgL−1) supplements and at higher concentrations of the above inhibited plant growth.

Principles of Judicious Use of Antimicrobial Agents for Pediatric Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott F. Dowell ◽  
S. Michael Marcy ◽  
William R. Phillips ◽  
Michael A. Gerber ◽  
Benjamin Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Oral Agents ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

This article introduces a set of principles to define judicious antimicrobial use for five conditions that account for the majority of outpatient antimicrobial use in the United States. Data from the National Center for Health Statistics indicate that in recent years, approximately three fourths of all outpatient antibiotics have been prescribed for otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, or nonspecific upper respiratory tract infection.1Antimicrobial drug use rates are highest for children1; therefore, the pediatric age group represents the focus for the present guidelines. The evidence-based principles presented here are focused on situations in which antimicrobial therapy could be curtailed without compromising patient care. They are not formulated as comprehensive management strategies. For most upper respiratory infections that require antimicrobial treatment, there are several appropriate oral agents from which to choose. Although the general principles of selecting narrow-spectrum agents with the fewest side effects and lowest cost are important, the principles that follow include few specific antibiotic selection recommendations.

Elucidating the Relationship between Worry and Physical Health

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. jep.008210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Behar ◽  
R. Kathryn McHugh ◽  
Michael W. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Physical Health Status ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
The Relationship

Research indicates a relationship between trait worry and physical health, such that individuals with high levels of trait worry display physical health problems (e.g., upper respiratory infections, cardiological problems, immune system impairment). However, existing studies do not address whether three constructs that are theoretically and empirically related to worry – trait anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and depression – might better account for the observed relationship between worry and physical health status. Participants completed measures of trait worry, trait anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, depression symptom severity, and health status. Results indicated that worry serves as a proxy risk factor for health status through the influence of trait anxiety and depressive symptoms, with both of these variables being related to mental health status, and only trait anxiety being related to physical health status. Anxiety sensitivity did not explain the relationship between trait worry and either type of health status. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

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