scholarly journals Evaluation Method and Collaborative Study of Sustainable Additive-Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Collaborative Study

Abstract The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn, as it was submitted in error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.

scholarly journals Evaluation Method and Collaborative Study of Sustainable Additive-Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haishang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Divide And Conquer ◽  
Cost Modeling ◽  
Efficient Production

It has been commonly recognized that additive manufacturing (AM) enables cost-effective and efficient production towards sustainability. A rigorous evaluation method is required to further investigate the measurement method and efficiency before AM can be well-positioned in sustainable manufacturing and become the industry mainstream. Cost reduction plays key role in manufacturing industry. Compared to conventional manufacturing (CM), cost of AM is volume independent. In contrary, CM production requires a certain volume to share initial tooling cost to achieve cost reduction. This constraint limits CM from service on demand, and leave ambiguity behind. Invisibility of AM advantage in cost factors blocks AM technologies from appropriate process and affects its applications. The major issues AM encountering are the scaling, speed and size of products. Enhancement in scaling threshold and cost modeling are the novelty of this study and a breakthrough of AM issues. Through this study, generic equations are derived by using Convergence Effect and Buy-to-Fly (BTF) ratio. The Divide-and-Conquer approach further supports scaling factors and dependencies of conventional manufacturing (CM) cost modeling as well as AM methods. Consequently, appropriate AM technologies and CM convergence threshold can enhance standardization, decision support, and pre-pilot of AM society through this rigorous benchmarking. Advantages of AM are identified, and a collaboration pattern is proposed to connect large enterprise (LE), SME, and home-based-business (HBB) into an AM society. Through this society, advantages of AM can be fully utilized, scaling and speed issues can be resolved, and AM’s dominant role in sustainable manufacturing becomes feasible.

scholarly journals Evaluation Method and Collaborative Study of Sustainable Additive-Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haishang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Divide And Conquer ◽  
Cost Modeling ◽  
Efficient Production

It has been commonly recognized that additive manufacturing (AM) enables cost-effective and efficient production towards sustainability. A rigorous evaluation method is required to further investigate the measurement method and efficiency before AM can be well-positioned in sustainable manufacturing and become the industry mainstream. Cost reduction plays key role in manufacturing industry. Compared to conventional manufacturing (CM), cost of AM is volume independent. In contrary, CM production requires a certain volume to share initial tooling cost to achieve cost reduction. This constraint limits CM from service on demand, and leave ambiguity behind. Invisibility of AM advantage in cost factors blocks AM technologies from appropriate process and affects its applications. The major issues AM encountering are the scaling, speed and size of products. Enhancement in scaling threshold and cost modeling are the nobility of this study and a breakthrough of AM issues. Through this study, generic equations are derived by using Convergence Effect and Buy-to-Fly (BTF) ratio. The Divide-and-Conquer approach further supports scaling factors and dependencies of conventional manufacturing (CM) cost modeling as well as AM methods. Consequently, appropriate AM technologies and CM convergence threshold can enhance standardization, decision support, and pre-pilot of AM society through this rigorous benchmarking. Advantages of AM are identified, and a collaboration pattern is proposed to connect large enterprise (LE), SME, and home-based-business (HBB) into an AM society. Through this society, advantages of AM can be fully utilized, scaling and speed issues can be resolved, and AM’s dominant role in sustainable manufacturing becomes feasible

scholarly journals Evaluation Method and Collaborative Study of Sustainable Additive-Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haishang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Divide And Conquer ◽  
Cost Modeling ◽  
Efficient Production

Abstract It has been commonly recognized that additive manufacturing (AM) enables cost-effective and efficient production towards sustainability. A rigorous evaluation method is required to further investigate the measurement method and efficiency before AM can be well-positioned in sustainable manufacturing and become the industry mainstream. Cost reduction plays key role in manufacturing industry. Compared to conventional manufacturing (CM), cost of AM is volume independent. In contrary, CM production requires a certain volume to share initial tooling cost to achieve cost reduction. This constraint limits CM from service on demand, and leave ambiguity behind. Invisibility of AM advantage in cost factors blocks AM technologies from appropriate process and affects its applications.The major issues AM encountering are the scaling, speed and size of products. Enhancement in scaling threshold and cost modeling are the novelty of this study and a breakthrough of AM issues. Through this study, generic equations are derived by using Convergence Effect and Buy-to-Fly (BTF) ratio. The Divide-and-Conquer approach further supports scaling factors and dependencies of conventional manufacturing (CM) cost modeling as well as AM methods. Consequently, appropriate AM technologies and CM convergence threshold can enhance standardization, decision support, and pre-pilot of AM society through this rigorous benchmarking.Advantages of AM are identified, and a collaboration pattern is proposed to connect large enterprise (LE), SME, and home-based-business (HBB) into an AM society. Through this society, advantages of AM can be fully utilized, scaling and speed issues can be resolved, and AM’s dominant role in sustainable manufacturing becomes feasible.

scholarly journals Alternative methods for clinical nursing assessment and evaluation

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
M M Chabeli
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Nurse Educators ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Nursing Assessment ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Nursing ◽  
Made In

The recommendations made in the article on nurse educators’ perceptions of OSCE as a clinical evaluation method (Chabeli, 2001:84-91) are addressed in this article.OpsommingIn hierdie artikel word daar gefokus op die aanbevelings wat gedoen is met betrekking tot die persepsies van verpleeg- opvoedkundiges ten opsigte van die OGKE as ‘n kliniese evalueringsmetode (Chabeli, 2001:84-91). *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

Comparing the Sustainability Performance of Metal-Based Additive Manufacturing Processes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rothanak Chan ◽  
Sriram Manoharan ◽  
Karl R. Haapala
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
Quantitative Metrics ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Am Processes ◽  
Wire Feed

While there have been many advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) technologies for metal products, there has not been a great deal of attention paid toward developing an understanding of the relative sustainability performance of various AM processes for production of aerospace components, such as wire feed and powder bed fusion processes. This research presents a method to calculate and compare quantitative metrics for evaluating metal AM process on a basis of sustainability performance. The process-level evaluation method encompasses a triple bottom line analysis for low volume part production. A representative aerospace titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) component is considered for the study and the production of the part is modeled using direct energy deposition (DED) as the representative wire feed AM process and selective laser melting (SLM) as the representative powder bed AM process. The results indicate that DED has a superior sustainability performance to SLM, mainly due to the relatively slower deposition rate and higher cost of material for SLM than DED. This research provides decision makers an approach method and a demonstrated case study in comparing DED and SLM AM processes. This understanding reveals advantages between the two options and offers avenues of future investigation for these technologies for further development and larger scale use.

scholarly journals Physeal Injuries of the Coracoid Process Are Closely Associated With Sports Activities: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596712096791
Author(s):  
Kiyohisa Ogawa ◽  
Wataru Inokuchi ◽  
Noboru Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Coracoid Process ◽  
Ossification Center ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Articular Fracture ◽  
Physeal Injury ◽  
Sports Activities

Background: Physeal injuries of the coracoid process are rare but may be increasing because of increased participation of youth in year-round sports. Purpose: To analyze reported physeal and apophyseal injuries of the coracoid process. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: PubMed and Scopus were searched using the terms scapula fracture and coracoid fracture. The inclusion criteria were English full-text articles describing coracoid fracture as well as articles that described patient characteristics and presented appropriate images. The exclusion criteria were descriptive cases without images as well as those lacking appropriate images. Citation tracking was conducted to find additional articles and full-text articles written in other languages. Articles were included if they reported physeal injury or judged to involve physeal injury based on the provided images. Results: Overall, 22 studies including 32 patients (29 males, 3 females) were identified. All but 2 patients were younger than 18 years of age, and 66% (21/32) had sustained injuries during or as a result of participation in sporting activities. The affected site was the physis at the base in 18 patients, an intra-articular fracture in the primary coracoid ossification center combined with the subcoracoid ossification center to form an intra-articular fracture in 5, the apophysis of the tip in 3, the apophysis of the angle in 5, and uncertain in 1. Eleven patients had concurrent acromioclavicular injuries. The injury was acute in 23 patients, chronic in 6, and traumatic nonunion in 3. Among 21 cases in which treatment methods and outcomes were described, 21% of the acute cases (4/19), and 2 of the 3 nonunions were surgically treated. Only 1 study used a widely accepted evaluation method. Follow-up periods ranged from 6 weeks to 2 years. Outcomes were generally excellent for nonoperative and operative treatment and without any serious complications. Conclusion: Coracoid physeal injuries occurred most commonly in patients aged 13 to 15 years of age (71%) and were usually sustained during or as a result of sports activities (66%). The most common injury site was the physis at its base. The cause of these injuries is probably severe or repeated traction of the attached muscles and ligaments. The majority of these injuries can be successfully treated nonoperatively.

Collaborative Study for the Comparison of Two Methods for the Determination of Total Cholesterol in Multicomponent Foods

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Jalam K Punwar
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Frozen Fish ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method

Abstract The gas chromatographic method for determining total cholesterol in multicomponent foods, collaboratively studied by the AOAC in 1974 (Method 1), has been evaluated by 9 collaborating laboratories and compared with the Interim Methodology Instructions No. 2 modified method (Method 2). The 5 samples selected for collaboration were deviled ham sandwich spread, vegetable beef stew, frozen chicken pot pie, frozen fish sticks, and mayonnaise. The recovery data were obtained from a sample of wheat germ oil spiked with 0.297 % cholesterol as cholesteryl palmitate. Collaborators performed 2 replicate analyses on all samples by both methods. The statistical evaluation of the results showed that Method 1 is superior to Method 2. Average recoveries from the spiked wheat germ oil samples were 91.4% (9 laboratories) and 85.8% (7 laboratories) with coefficients of variation of 12.5 and 14.4%, respectively. Based on the collaborative results and statistical evaluation, Method 1 has been adopted as official first action.

scholarly journals Sustainable Business Models–Canvas for Sustainability, Evaluation Method, and Their Application to Additive Manufacturing in Aircraft Maintenance

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9130
Author(s):  
Gonçalo Cardeal ◽  
Kristina Höse ◽  
Inês Ribeiro ◽  
Uwe Götze
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Aircraft Maintenance ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
New Business ◽  
Sustainable Business Models ◽  
Procedure Model

The topic of sustainable business models is growing in literature and in the industry, driving companies to search for opportunities to improve their impact on the three pillars of sustainability—profit, people, and planet (economic, social, and environmental). However, the process of developing sustainable business models is often complex, due to conflicting objectives from the three dimensions of sustainability. This paper presents a procedure model that supports the design and assessment of business models with a sustainable perspective, by integrating a new business model canvas for sustainability (BMCS) and an evaluation method to assess it. A comprehensive assessment is proposed, performed in a life cycle perspective. The proposed model is applied and validated with a real case study, based on a new business model for an aircraft maintenance, repair, and overhaul company. The case is based on shifting from traditional maintenance, repair, and overhaul activities to adopting additive manufacturing as an activity that allows manufacturing optimized spare parts with benefits for the costumer. The results show the application of the procedure model on a specific case study, as well as the potential of additive manufacturing as a driver for more sustainable business models in the aircraft maintenance sector.

Evaluation method for imaging plate resolution by means of phase contrast transfer function

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 662-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Oikawa ◽  
H. Kosugi ◽  
F. Hosokawa ◽  
D. Shindo ◽  
M. Kersker
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Amorphous Film ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Special Shape ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
Contrast Image ◽  
Specimen Shape

Evaluation of the resolution of the Imaging Plate (IP) has been attempted by some methods. An evaluation method for IP resolution, which is not influenced by hard X-rays at higher accelerating voltages, was proposed previously by the present authors. This method, however, requires truoblesome experimental preperations partly because specially synthesized hematite was used as a specimen, and partly because a special shape of the specimen was used as a standard image. In this paper, a convenient evaluation method which is not infuenced by the specimen shape and image direction, is newly proposed. In this method, phase contrast images of thin amorphous film are used.Several diffraction rings are obtained by the Fourier transformation of a phase contrast image of thin amorphous film, taken at a large under focus. The rings show the spatial-frequency spectrum corresponding to the phase contrast transfer function (PCTF). The envelope function is obtained by connecting the peak intensities of the rings. The evelope function is offten used for evaluation of the instrument, because the function shows the performance of the electron microscope (EM).

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