scholarly journals Temporal Activity Patterns of Sympatric Bornean Carnivore Species: Implications for Niche Partitioning and Conservation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyabi Nakabayashi ◽  
Tomoko Kanamori ◽  
Aoi Matsukawa ◽  
Joseph Tangah ◽  
Augustine Tuuga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Temporal Niche ◽  
Dietary Breadth ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Nocturnal Species ◽  
Coexistence Mechanisms ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract To propose proper conservation measures and to elucidate coexistence mechanisms of sympatric carnivore species, we assessed their temporal activity patterns using 37,379 photos collected for more than three years at three study sites in Borneo. We categorized activity patterns of nine carnivore species (one bear, three civets, two felids, one skunk, one mustelid, one linsang) by calculating the photo-capturing proportions at each period (day, night, twilight). We then evaluated temporal activity overlaps by calculating the overlap coefficients. We identified six nocturnal (three civets, one felid, one skunk, one linsang), two diurnal (one felids, one mustelid), and one cathemeral (bear) species. Temporal activity overlaps were high among the nocturnal species. The two felid species possessing morphological and ecological similarities exhibited clear temporal niche segregation, but the three civet species did not. Broad dietary breadth may compensate for the high temporal niche overlaps among the nocturnal species. Despite the high species richness of Bornean carnivores, almost half are threatened with extinction. By comparing individual radio-tracking and our data, we propose that a long-term study of at least three years is necessary to understand animals’ temporal activity patterns by camera-trapping and to avoid diverting conservationists away from effective protection measures.

scholarly journals Temporal activity patterns suggesting niche partitioning of sympatric carnivores in Borneo, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyabi Nakabayashi ◽  
Tomoko Kanamori ◽  
Aoi Matsukawa ◽  
Joseph Tangah ◽  
Augustine Tuuga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Temporal Niche ◽  
Dietary Breadth ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Nocturnal Species ◽  
Coexistence Mechanisms ◽  
Study Sites

AbstractTo propose proper conservation measures and to elucidate coexistence mechanisms of sympatric carnivore species, we assessed temporal activity patterns of the sympatric carnivore species using 37,379 photos collected for more than 3 years at three study sites in Borneo. We categorized activity patterns of nine carnivore species (one bear, three civets, two felids, one skunk, one mustelid, one linsang) by calculating the photo-capturing proportions at each time period (day, night, twilight). We then evaluated temporal activity overlaps by calculating the overlap coefficients. We identified six nocturnal (three civets, one felid, one skunk, one linsang), two diurnal (one felid, one mustelid), and one cathemeral (bear) species. Temporal activity overlaps were high among the nocturnal species. The two felid species possessing morphological and ecological similarities exhibited clear temporal niche segregation, but the three civet species with similar morphology and ecology did not. Broad dietary breadth may compensate for the high temporal niche overlaps among the nocturnal species. Despite the high species richness of Bornean carnivores, almost half are threatened with extinction. By comparing individual radio-tracking and our data, we propose that a long-term study of at least 2 or 3 years is necessary to understand animals’ temporal activity patterns, especially for sun bears and civets, by camera-trapping and to establish effective protection measures.

Activity patterns and temporal niche partitioning of dogs and medium-sized wild mammals in urban parks of Xalapa, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isac Mella-Méndez ◽  
Rafael Flores-Peredo ◽  
Jairo Pérez-Torres ◽  
Sergio Hernández-González ◽  
Dino Ulises González-Uribe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Temporal Niche

scholarly journals Temporal niche partitioning as a novel mechanism promoting co-existence of sympatric predators in marine systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1954) ◽  
pp. 20210816
Author(s):  
Karissa O. Lear ◽  
Nicholas M. Whitney ◽  
John J. Morris ◽  
Adrian C. Gleiss
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Multiple Predators ◽  
Temporal Partitioning ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Temporal Niche ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Sensory Adaptations

Niche partitioning of time, space or resources is considered the key to allowing the coexistence of competitor species, and particularly guilds of predators. However, the extent to which these processes occur in marine systems is poorly understood due to the difficulty in studying fine-scale movements and activity patterns in mobile underwater species. Here, we used acceleration data-loggers to investigate temporal partitioning in a guild of marine predators. Six species of co-occurring large coastal sharks demonstrated distinct diel patterns of activity, providing evidence of strong temporal partitioning of foraging times. This is the first instance of diel temporal niche partitioning described in a marine predator guild, and is probably driven by a combination of physiological constraints in diel timing of activity (e.g. sensory adaptations) and interference competition (hierarchical predation within the guild), which may force less dominant predators to suboptimal foraging times to avoid agonistic interactions. Temporal partitioning is often thought to be rare compared to other partitioning mechanisms, but the occurrence of temporal partitioning here and similar characteristics in many other marine ecosystems (multiple predators simultaneously present in the same space with dietary overlap) introduces the question of whether this is a common mechanism of resource division in marine systems.

scholarly journals Bird activity patterns in the understorey of an evergreen forest in Oaxaca, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gabriela Pérez-Irineo ◽  
Antonio Santos-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Behavioural Ecology ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Temporal Partitioning ◽  
Temporal Niche ◽  
Basic Biology

Activity patterns of species are related to their physiology, their behaviour and the environment and can change in response to different factors, such as interactions between species. Bird species, typical of the understorey, show morphological and ecological similarities and must thus have some mechanism of ecological separation, such as temporal niche partitioning. The objective of this study was to provide information about activity patterns and activity overlap of bird species typical of the understorey. We expected temporal niche partitioning between ecologically-similar species. We placed camera traps in 29 sampling points in a high evergreen forest in the southeast of Mexico between 2011 and 2013. All species were mainly diurnal and, contrary to what we expected, there was temporal partitioning between tinamids, but not in galliforms and columbiforms. The degree of activity overlap might reflect a solitary or group lifestyle of the three sets of species, as well as shared behavioural preferences and similar adaptations. These results contribute to our knowledge of the basic biology and behavioural ecology of birds of the understorey.

Little spatial and temporal segregation between coexisting lionfishes (Pterois miles and Pterois radiata) in the Red Sea

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tal Gavriel ◽  
Jonathan Belmaker
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Temporal Partitioning ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Pterois Miles ◽  
Temporal Segregation ◽  
Coexistence Mechanisms ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Spatial and temporal niche partitioning are common strategies to reduce competition between closely related species. While spatial partitioning is widely studied, temporal partitioning, especially in marine environments, is much less documented. The lionfish Pterois miles is common in the Red Sea and have recently established populations within the Mediterranean Sea. However, to date, the sympatric and closely related Pterois radiata has yet to become established outside its native range. In this study, we focus on describing spatio-temporal patterns of activity in P. miles and P. radiata within their native range. This may help understand their coexistence mechanisms and whether the presence of one species can influence the probability of the other species to become established. We used visual surveys across day and night to assess activity patterns and the tendency of the species to co-occur. We found that while P. miles is a flexible crepuscular, P. radiata is strictly nocturnal. However, we detected only slight spatio-temporal segregation between the species. Hence, the coexistence of these two species may not be related to habitat or temporal partitioning. However, we do find a more generalist behavior of P. miles in terms of activity duration, which adds to its known broad diet and habitat use patterns, and may jointly explain its introduction success.

Nest cameras do not affect nest survival in a meadow-nesting shorebird

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
VOLKER SALEWSKI ◽  
LUIS SCHMIDT
Keyword(s):  
Nest Survival ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Limosa Limosa ◽  
Study Sites

Summary Identifying the fate of birds’ nests and the causes of breeding failure is often crucial for the development of conservation strategies for threatened species. However, collecting these data by repeatedly visiting nests might itself contribute to nest failure or bias. To solve this dilemma, automatic cameras have increasingly been used as a time-efficient means for nest monitoring. Here, we consider whether the use of cameras itself may influence hatching success of nests of the Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa at two long-term study sites in northern Germany. Annually between 2013 and 2019, cameras were used to monitor godwit nests. In 2014 and 2019, nests were randomly equipped with cameras or not, and nest survival checked independently of the cameras. Nest-survival models indicated that survival probabilities varied between years, sites and with time of the season, but were unaffected by the presence of cameras. Even though predation is the main cause of hatching failure in our study system, we conclude that predators did not learn to associate cameras with food either when the cameras were initially installed or after they had been used for several years. Cameras were thus an effective and non-deleterious tool to collect data for conservation in this case. As other bird species may react differently to cameras at their nests, and as other sets of predators may differ in their ability to associate cameras with food, the effect of cameras on breeding success should be carefully monitored when they are used in a new study system.

Disease and community structure: white-nose syndrome alters spatial and temporal niche partitioning in sympatric bat species

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1002-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Jachowski ◽  
Chris A. Dobony ◽  
Laci S. Coleman ◽  
William M. Ford ◽  
Eric R. Britzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Temporal Niche ◽  
White Nose Syndrome

scholarly journals Big Benefits from Experimental Watersheds

Eos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Cook
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Experimental Watersheds

Scientific insights from the Agricultural Research Service’s long-term study sites underpin dozens of models and research methods that guide global land management and conservation practices.

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