Neuronal Induction and Bioenergetics Characterization of Human Forearm Adipose Stem Cells from Parkinson’s Disease Patients and Healthy Controls
Abstract Background: Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, are heterogeneous disorders with multifactorial nature involving impaired bioenergetics; that are on the rise with the increasing global population and average lifespan. Without definite therapeutic options, both stem regenerative medicine and bioenergetics have been proposed as promising therapeutic targets in the neurologic field. The rationale of the present study was to assess human derived adipose stem cells (hASC) potential to transdifferentiate into neuronal-like cells (NhASC and neurospheres), as well as to explore hASC bioenergetic profile. Methods: To this purpose, hASC derived from the forearm of both healthy controls and clinical diagnosed Parkinson’s disease patients (PD) were included in this study and transdifferentiated through neuronal induction. Results: Morphological, growth features and neuronal protein expression markers of differentiated neuron-like NhASC and neurospheres were achieved. Increased MAP-2 neuronal marker protein expression upon neuronal induction (p<0.05 from undifferentiated hASC vs. 28 and 36 days of differentiation) and increased bIII tubulin neuronal marker protein expression upon neuronal induction (p<0.05 from undifferentiated hASC vs. 6, 28 and 36 days of differentiation) were found. Bioenergetic profile was detectable through high resolution respirometry approaches in hASC but did not lead to differential oxidative capacity rates in healthy or clinical diagnosed PD hASC. Conclusions: We have confirmed the capability of transdifferentiation to neuronal-like profile of hASC derived from the forearem of human subjects and characterized the bioenergetic oxidative profile of hASC. Despite the latter did not lead to significant differential respiration profiles, trends to suboptimal maximal respiratory capacity in PD were found. The neuronal induction leading to positive neuronal protein expression markers is a relevant issue that encourages the suitability of the NhASC models in neurodegeneration.