scholarly journals Adherence to Antiretroviral and Cancer Chemotherapy, and Associated Factors Among Patients with HIV–Cancer Co-Morbidity at the Uganda Cancer Institute: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Achieng ◽  
Nelson Bunani ◽  
Joseph Kagaayi ◽  
Fred Nuwaha
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cancer Stage ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity

Abstract Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a major global public health issue affecting millions of people, and sub-Saharan Africa where Uganda lies is is disproportionately affected. There has been an increase in cancer among HIV patients which has resulted into use of co-medications that sometimes affect ART and cancer chemotherapy adherence. We aimed to determine adherence to antiretroviral and cancer chemotherapy and the associated factors among patients with HIV-cancer co-morbidity at the Uganda Cancer Institute.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 200 randomly selected adult cancer patients infected with HIV, attending Uganda cancer institute. Antiretroviral and anti-cancer chemotherapy adherences with associated factors were assessed quantitatively. We collected the data using interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaires. Modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate prevalence ratios at 95% confidence intervals for factors associated with adherence to ART and cancer chemotherapy.Results: Overall, 54% (107/200) of the study participants adhered to both ART and chemotherapy, and 55% (110/200) adhered to ART while 65% (129/200) adhered to cancer chemotherapy. A majority, 61% (122/200) of the respondents were males. The mean age of the respondents was 42(SD±11years), and at least 43% (86/200) belonged to protestant religion. More than half, 56.5% (113/200) were married and at least 45% (90/200) had attained a primary level of education. Patients with good adherence to antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy were 107(54%, 95% CI=46.5-60.4). No knowledge of cancer stage (PR=0.4, 95% CI=0.25-0.56, P<0.0001), having an AIDS defining cancer (PR=0.7, 95% CI=0.50-0.88, P=0.005), ART clinic in district not near Uganda Cancer Institute (PR=0.7,95% CI=0.84-0.96, P=0.027) and affordability of cancer chemotherapy (PR=1.4, 95% CI=1.02-1.87, P=0.037) were associated with adherence to both ART and cancer chemotherapy.Conclusion: Adherence to both ART and cancer chemotherapy was low. Factors significantly associated with adherence were: knowledge of the cancer stage by the patient, the type of cancer diagnosis, source of ART and affordability/ availability of medications. There is need to provide information on stage of cancer and adherence counseling to patients. Furthermore, Integration of HIV- cancer care will be necessary for efficient and effective care for the patients.

scholarly journals Co-morbidity of attention deficit hyper activity disorder and associated factors among children with seizure disorder attending pediatric seizure clinic a cross-sectional study at Gondar University hospital (2016), northwest, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haregewoin Mulat Sebhat ◽  
Niguse Muluneh ◽  
Tewodros Eyasu
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Epileptic Children

Abstract BackgroundWhen attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) presents in epileptic children, it makes the treatment complicated and the prognosis poor. Hence, understanding the magnitude of ADHD and associated factors would be important to have a policy intention towards these people and to design appropriate interventions. Therefore, the current study was conducted to determine co-morbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated factors in children with seizure disorders.Methods A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted by taking 260children who had follow ups in the pediatric seizure clinic. The systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit participants. A structured, pretested and interviewer administered questionnaire which included questions on associated factors and standard disruptive behavioural disorder (DBD) rating scale was used to collect data. Data were coded, entered and cleaned by using the Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. The multivariate binary logistic regression was used to cheek the association between independent and dependent variables. Variables with significant associations were identified on the basis of OR, with a 95%CI and p-value of < 0.05 and considered as statistically significant.ResultThe prevalence of ADHD among epileptic children was found to be 115(44.2%),with a confidence interval of (38.1-50.5),out of which only 3(2.6%) were detected as having mental health problems by the clinician. The predominant subtype was inattentive type 96(61.1%). Factors significantly associated with ADHD were male sex (AOR = 2.70 CI: 1.46-4.97), family history of seizure disorder (AOR=2.42CI:1.26-4.65), family history mental illnesses (AOR=4.14 CI: 1.76-9.68), sudden onset of seizure (AOR=2.37 CI: 1.32-4.27) and uncontrolled seizure (AOR=2.55 CI: 1.41-4.61). Conclusion Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was common among children with seizure disorders in the study area. Therefore, interventions that would address such factors would help to overcome further complications.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on community prevalence and treatment practice of hypertension with household awareness about it in semi urban Mangalore - A pilot study

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 035-039
Author(s):  
Navya N. ◽  
Rashmi Kundapur ◽  
N. Udaya Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Introduction: Hypertension, also known as high or raised blood pressure, is a global public health issue and is the major contributory factor for the burden of heart disease, stroke, renal failure, premature mortality and morbidity worldwide. Objective : 1. To determine the community prevalence of hypertension.2. To Assess the Household Awareness Of hypertension.3. To study the pattern and regularity of treatment in hypertensives. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in 40 Households of Grama-Kshema Project in Kuthar and Manjanady villages (semi urban ) which belong to the field practice area of K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore. A structured Questionnaire was used to collect data. Questions on awareness were scored and analyzed. Result: The community prevalence of hypertension among the households surveyed was 9.6 percent out of which 12.5 % were female and 5.9 % were male. Among them 46.7% were in the age group 51-70 years, 40% in the age group 31-50 years and 13.3% in the age group above 70 years.40 % of hypertensive visit their doctor on monthly basis.66.7% of the hypertensives visit private dispensary for their treatment and follow up. 93.3% are on anti-hypertensives of which 33.3 % use calcium channel blockers. Awareness scoring showed that 40% had poor score and 37.5 % average score. Conclusion: In the present study the prevalence of hypertension was found to be low. Among those diagnosed of hypertension, majority of them were females. Most of the hypertensive's visit private dispensaries on monthly basis. Awareness of Hypertension among the households was poor.

scholarly journals Prevalence of depression and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in eastern Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed M. Omar ◽  
Imad R. Musa ◽  
Maysoon B. Idrees ◽  
Ishag Adam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Eastern Sudan

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a global health threat and burden. It is associated with medical and psychological complications, especially depression. Depression among patients with DM may affect the general prognosis. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Gadarif, eastern Sudan to evaluate the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). Methods We performed a cross-sectional study. Data on anthropometric parameters, demographic characteristics and blood glucose levels were collected via questionnaire. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results Three hundred and fifty patients with T2DM were enrolled in the study and 205 (58.6%) were women. The median (interquartile range) age and duration of diabetes were 56.0 (14.0) years and 8 (8) years, respectively. The prevalence of depression in patients with T2DM was 35.6%. Logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between depression and rural residence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20–3.72), non-employee (AOR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.34–4.00), co-morbidity (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.43–3.86) and obesity AOR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.48–4.18). Conclusion The prevalence of depression is high among Sudanese patients with T2DM. Rural residence, unemployment, co-morbidity and obesity are significant risk factors for developing depression among patients with T2DM.

A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates of Hypertension in Peri-urban Community of Kashmir Valle

Healthline ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Uroosa Farooq Allaqband ◽  
Anjum B Fazili ◽  
Rohul Jabeen Shah ◽  
Javeed Ahmad Parray
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Demographic Correlates

Introduction: Hypertension, also known as high or raised blood pressure, is a global public health issue. It’s among the top ten leading causes of death in the world. Poor compliance to anti-hypertensive therapy is usually associated with bad outcome of the disease and wastage of limited health care resources. Objectives: To assess the prevalence, socio-demographic correlates and treatment compliance of the hypertensive patients. Method: This community based cross sectional study was conducted in a peri-urban area in the month of May 2019.This study was conducted in relation to May Measurement Month, an Initiative which was first observed by international Society of Hypertension in May 2017. This area is divided into six Mohallas from which two Mohallas were selected randomly. All households from the selected Mohallas were included in this house to house survey. A total of 1076 subjects above the age of 15 years participated in the study. The analysis of data was done using SPSS version 20.00 and standard statistical test like chi square (x2) was applied where ever required. Results: Over all prevalence of high blood pressure was found to be 28.8% in study population with 82.6% known hypertensives and 17.4% detected with raised BP for the first time. The overall compliance to treatment in known hypertensives was 34.4%. Conclusion: A very low treatment compliance level was observed in the study participants which needs redressal by way of mass awareness campaigns, as well as individual counseling for Behaviour Change Communication.

scholarly journals Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its associated factors among adults in Abeshge District, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel ◽  
Alemu Basazin Mingude ◽  
Teshome Gensa Geta
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Biomass Smoke

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Despite an increasing burden of COPD in the world, it is often a neglected disease in low income countries and COPD prevalence studies are rare in Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of COPD and its associated factors among adults in Ethiopia. Methods A community based cross sectional study was conducted from February 5 to May 20, 2019 in Abeshge district, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 734 adults aged at least 30 years were selected using multistage cluster sampling technique and included in the study. All participants were interviewed about socio-demographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms, smoking status and clinical characteristics. Moreover, all participants underwent spirometry. We defined COPD as a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC of less than 70%. Data were entered into Epi-data manager 4.4 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were used and p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results Of the 779 adults invited to participate, 734 adults (421 men and 313 women) were participated in this study. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 39.15 (± 9.36) years, within the age range of 30–75 years. The prevalence of COPD was 17.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.1–20.6). Factors significantly associated with COPD were age above 50 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.91, 95% CI [1.10, 3.30]), being smoker (AOR = 4.54, 95% CI [2.69, 7.66]), Exposed to biomass smoke (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI [1.06, 3.95]) and poor ventilated kitchen (AOR = 4.12, 95% CI [2.67, 6.34]). Conclusion It is evident from this study that the prevalence of COPD in Ethiopia is high. Factors such as old age, cigarette smoking, exposure to biomass smoke and poor kitchen ventilation plays a role in the development of COPD.

scholarly journals Knowledge about Neonatal Danger Signs and Associated Factors among Mothers Attending Immunization Clinic at Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nega Degefa ◽  
Ketema Diriba ◽  
Tekeste Girma ◽  
Amelework Kebede ◽  
Ayano Senbeto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background. The first 28 days of life (the neonatal period) constitute the most vulnerable time for a child’s survival. Overall 2.7 million neonatal deaths were stated by the 2015 global report of neonatal mortality and they account for 45% of under-five deaths. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region with the highest risk of death in the first month of life and is among the regions showing the least progress in reducing neonatal mortality in the world. Ethiopia, as part of sub-Saharan Africa, also shares the greatest risk of neonatal death. A recent report in Ethiopia showed that neonatal mortality was 29 deaths per 1,000 live births. Therefore, the signs that suggest the onset of severe illness which leads to death and their contributing factors should be identified. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge about neonatal danger signs and associated factors among mothers attending immunization clinic at Arba Minch General Hospital. Method. Institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed from Feb to April 2018. Systematic sampling technique was used to select a total of 345 mother-child pairs. A pretested, structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analysis were carried out using binary logistic regression to check and test the association between dependent and explanatory variables. Model fitness was checked by Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test. Result. Nearly two-fifths (40.9%) of all mothers had good knowledge about neonatal danger signs (95% CI; 35.7, 46.4). Close to thirty-three percent of mothers identified child’s body hotness (fever) as a neonatal danger sign. Maternal educational status (AOR: 5.64; 95% CI: 1.68, 18.95) and attendance of postnatal care (AOR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.36, 5.15) were significantly associated with maternal knowledge about neonatal danger signs in multivariable analysis. Conclusion. Even though considerable improvement has been achieved over the past decades as a result of expanded coverage of maternal and childcare services, still there are a significant number of mothers who have limited knowledge about neonatal danger signs. Therefore, interventional strategies that stress strengthening maternal education and ANC follow-up should be extended.

scholarly journals Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice and Associated Factors among Mothers Attending Private Pediatric and Child Clinics, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laykewold Elyas ◽  
Amha Mekasha ◽  
Amha Admasie ◽  
Etagegnehu Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Breastfeeding Practice

Background. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is globally low (35%) in sub-Saharan Africa, whereas it is 58% in Ethiopia. Exclusive breastfeeding has the potential to prevent 11.6% of under-five deaths in developing countries. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the exclusive breastfeeding practice and associated factors on mothers attending private pediatric and child clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 380 samples were obtained. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used. Results. From 380 mothers, only 44.2% of the mothers practiced EBF. Two hundred (52.6%) mothers started breastfeeding within 1 hour of delivery; 161 (42.4%) of the mothers gave extra food before six months, and 244 (64.2%) believed that exclusive breastfeeding was sufficient. Moreover, 288 (75.8%) mothers breastfed their children eight or more times per day. Spontaneous vaginal delivery was a significant factor to practice EBF (AOR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.19–2.89). Conclusion. EBF practice in this study was low. Spontaneous vaginal delivery was a significant factor for EBF; hence, it is very crucial to promote EBF.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Factors among Adults in Selected Areas of Bangladesh: A Community Based Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Nahian Rahman ◽  
Syeda Saima Alam ◽  
Shaidaton Nisha ◽  
Faroque Md Mohsin ◽  
Mahmudul Mannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Physiological Risk

Background: Hypertension is a silent killer and an overwhelming global public health challenge. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Bangladesh. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 400 adults who lived in Dhaka, Mymensing, Sylhet and Khulna District. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that is adapted from the WHO Stepwise approach. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics and bivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted and statistical significance was declared at a p-value &le;0.05. Results: This study identified a high prevalence of hypertension in the study area and it was 39.75%. Among the male the prevalence was 23.5% and the prevalence was 16.5% among female. In this study hypertension was significantly associated with the age group 51-65 years (OR=1.02; CI 0.557-1.862) , ever smoking (OR= 2.59; CI 1.718-3.917) consume&nbsp; less fruits (OR=3.125; CI 0.839-11.632) and vegetable (OR=2.25; CI 1.364-3.725), physically inactive (OR=1.48;CI 0.973-2.252) overweight (OR=7.98; CI 4.612-13.793) and had diabetes mellitus (0R=2.38; CI 1.213-4.659). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was considerably higher in this study area. Hence, the health care system needs to establish strategies to improve the diagnostic and screening services. Community-level intervention and regular assessment, screening, and diagnosis of behavioral, socio-demographic, and physiological risk factors, screening, should be institutionalized to address the occult burden of hypertension.

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Associated Factors toward COVID-19 among Nurses Who Work in South Gondar Zone, Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia 2020, Institution-based cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejen Getaneh Feleke ◽  
Sheganew Fetene Tassew ◽  
Ermiase Sisay Chanie
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Favorable Attitude ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
South Gondar

Abstract BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 is an emerging respiratory disease that is caused by a novel coronavirus and was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The world is affected by the Corona Virus Disease in 2019. In sub-Saharan Africa Including Ethiopia there is no study conducted on level of Knowledge, Attitude and Associated Factors toward Coronavirus disease in 2019 among Health care workers Specifically Nurses.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the level of Knowledge, Attitude and Associated Factors toward Coronavirus disease in 2019 among Nurses Who Work in South Gondar Zone, Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.MethodsAn Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 166 Nurses in South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia, From June 1st -30/2020. To select study participants after proportional allocation of study subjects to each Hospital, simple random sampling technique were to be used. The Data was entered into Epi info version 7.2.0.1, and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences window version 24 for analysis. Binary and Multivariable logistic regression wasl used to see the association between dependent and independent variables. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed. P-value < 0.05 was used to declare association. Finally; the result is presented in the form of texts, tables, and graphs.ResultsOf 166 Nurses, 166 (100% response rate) responded to the online interview questionnaire. From 166 nurses, 57.2% of the participants were Females and 42.8% were males, 41.6 % of the respondents were between the ages of 20 and 29 years. About 84.9 % had good knowledge and 63.3% favorable attitude of COVID-19. Wearing general medical masks can prevent one from acquiring infection by the co vid-19 virus (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI =0.005-0.362 were factors of knowledge about COVID-19. Whereas, strongly agree Medical staffs are ready to participate in antiepidemic in the community (AOR =0.08, 95% CI = (0.003-1.76 Were factors of attitude about COVID-19.ConclusionIn this study, most of the nurses had good knowledge and favorable attitude regarding COVID-19. Wearing general medical masks can prevent one from acquiring infection by the covid-19 virus were the factors in association with knowledge OF nurses on COVID-19. Similarly, Medical staffs are ready to participate in antiepidemic in the community factors association with attitudes of nurses on COVID-19.

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