Maize Male Reproductive Organs Affected by Different Timings of Water Deficit

Abstract Compared with female reproductive organs, the development of male reproductive organs was got less attention in maize because of its oversupply in amount even under water deficit. Thus, a rainout shelter experiment was designed to explore the effect of different timings of water deficit on pollen vitality and exterior and interior ultra-structure of pollen grains, starch particles in pollen grains, anther fresh weight, and vascular bundle number and its organizational structure in tassel pedicel. There were five water treatments included in this study, viz. well water treatment (CK), water deficit during 6- to 8- leaf stage (V6 − 8), 9- to 12- leaf stage (V9 − 12), 13-leaf stage to tasseling (V13 − T), and silking to blister (R1 − 2), respectively. Results showed that the percentage of pollen grains with strong vitality decreased remarkably by 27.3–45.9% under water deficits, while that of pollen grains with weak vitality increased by 27.2–34.7%. The percentage of pollen grains with no vitality was significantly increased only when water deficit occurred around silking, which was up to 8.6% for V13 − T and 19.7% for R1 − 2 compared with 1.0% for that of CK. Both shrunken pollen apertures (including annulus and operculum) and less starch particles might partially explain the weakened pollen vitality for water deficits before tasseling. Furthermore, the assimilation flux to male reproductive organs might be restricted by the influenced vascular bundle system under water deficits before tasseling, with manifestation showing in anther fresh weight and starch particle status in pollen grains. Specifically, V9 − 12 and V13 − T water deficits delayed differentiation of vascular bundle but had no influence on vascular bundle number, which might be one reason for their decreased anther fresh weight and less starch particles in pollen grains. Conversely, V6 − 8 water deficit significantly decreased vascular bundle number but had no significant influence on anther fresh weight and starch particles in pollen grains. R1 − 2 water deficit almost had no influences on above indicators except for pollen vitality. Overall, this research highlight that male reproductive organs could be influenced by water deficits in maize, which deserves more attention in further breeding especially under the background of high-quality requirement for pollen vitality of the maize hybrids that have a small tassel size.

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Intrauterine development, functions and diseases of male reproductive organs

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2010.28806 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 151 (39) ◽

pp. 1573-1579

Author(s):

Ákos Jakobovits ◽

Antal Jakobovits

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Organs ◽

Intrauterine Development ◽

Male Reproductive Organs

A szerzők a központi idegrendszer, a tesztoszteron és származékainak szerepét tárgyalják a férfi nemi szervek méhen belüli fejlődésében. A férfi személyiségét meghatározó jellegzetességek először az emberi fejlődés magzati stádiumában jelentkeznek. Ezek kialakulása a gyermekkorban folytatódik. Pubertás után ezek növekvő mértékben válnak nyilvánvalóvá, és az egyén élete folyamán túlsúlyban maradnak. Az említett folyamatok mind a férfias fenotípust, mind a férfias magatartást befolyásolják. A tesztoszteron és származékai kontrollálják a férfi nemi szervek fejlődését. Hiányuk a női nemi jellegzetességek túlsúlyához vezet, a férfi nemi kromoszómakép ellenére. E jelenségek típusos példája a testicularis feminisatio klinikai képe. Jelen tanulmány különleges figyelmet szentel a reprodukciós szervek azon rendellenességeinek, amelyek a magzatokban ultrahanggal azonosíthatók. Ezen anomáliák legtöbbje antenatalisan hatásosan nem kezelhető. Azok a rendellenességek, amelyek a méhen kívüli életben sem gyógyíthatók, a terhességmegszakítás javallatát képezhetik, amennyiben ultrahangvizsgálattal a kora terhességben kimutathatók. Orv. Hetil., 2010, 39, 1573–1579.

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Low temperature acclimation and legacy effects of summer water deficits in olive freezing resistance

Tree Physiology ◽

10.1093/treephys/tpab040 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nadia S Arias ◽

Fabián G Scholz ◽

Guillermo Goldstein ◽

Sandra J Bucci

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

Legacy Effects ◽

Freezing Resistance ◽

Lower Growth ◽

Water Deficits

Abstract Low temperatures and drought are the main environmental factors affecting plant growth and productivity across most of the terrestrial biomes. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of water deficits before the onset of low temperatures in winter to enhance freezing resistance in olive trees. The study was carried out near the coast of Chubut, Argentina. Plants of five olive cultivars were grown out-door in pots and exposed to different water deficit treatments. We assessed leaf water relations, ice nucleation temperature (INT), cell damage (LT50), plant growth and leaf nitrogen content during summer and winter in all cultivars and across water deficit treatments. Leaf INT and LT50 decreased significantly from summer to winter within each cultivar and between treatments. We observed a trade-off between resources allocation to freezing resistance and vegetative growth, such that an improvement in resistance to sub-zero temperatures was associated to lower growth in tree height. Water deficit applied during summer increased the amount of osmotically active solutes and decreased the leaf water potentials. This type of legacy effects persists during the winter after the water deficit even when treatment was removed, because of natural rainfalls.

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Failed prey or peculiar necrolysis? Isolated ammonite soft body from the Late Jurassic of Eichstätt (Germany) with complete digestive tract and male reproductive organs

Swiss Journal of Palaeontology ◽

10.1186/s13358-020-00215-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 140 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Christian Klug ◽

Günter Schweigert ◽

Helmut Tischlinger ◽

Helmut Pochmann

Keyword(s):

Digestive Tract ◽

Late Jurassic ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Mantle Cavity ◽

Soft Body ◽

Exceptional Preservation ◽

Attachment Structures ◽

Male Reproductive Organs ◽

Marine Basins

AbstractAmmonoid soft parts have been rarely described. Here, we document the soft parts of a perisphinctid ammonite from the early Tithonian of Wintershof near Eichstätt (Germany). This exceptional preservation was enabled by the special depositional conditions in the marine basins of the Solnhofen Archipelago. Here, we document this find and attempt to homologize its parts with various organs such as the digestive tract, reproductive organs, the mantle cavity with gills, and the hyponome, with differing degrees of reservation. Alternative interpretations are also taken into account. We suggest that the soft parts were separated from the conch either taphonomically (following necrolytical processes affecting the attachment structures) or during a failed predation, where a predator (fish or coleoid) removed the soft parts from the conch but then dropped them. This find is interesting because it adds to the knowledge of ammonite anatomy, which is normally hidden in the conch. The reproductive organs show traces of what might have been spermatophores, thus supporting the hypothesis that the microconchs represented the males.

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Knockout of Auxin Response Factor SlARF4 Improves Tomato Resistance to Water Deficit

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3347

Author(s):

Mengyi Chen ◽

Xiaoyang Zhu ◽

Xiaojuan Liu ◽

Caiyu Wu ◽

Canye Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Vascular Bundle ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Aba Signaling ◽

Auxin Response

Auxin response factors (ARFs) play important roles in various plant physiological processes; however, knowledge of the exact role of ARFs in plant responses to water deficit is limited. In this study, SlARF4, a member of the ARF family, was functionally characterized under water deficit. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining showed that water deficit and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment reduced the expression of SlARF4. SlARF4 was expressed in the vascular bundles and guard cells of tomato stomata. Loss of function of SlARF4 (arf4) by using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas 9 (CRISPR/Cas 9) technology enhanced plant resistance to water stress and rehydration ability. The arf4 mutant plants exhibited curly leaves and a thick stem. Malondialdehyde content was significantly lower in arf4 mutants than in wildtype plants under water stress; furthermore, arf4 mutants showed higher content of antioxidant substances, superoxide dismutase, actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), and catalase activities. Stomatal and vascular bundle morphology was changed in arf4 mutants. We identified 628 differentially expressed genes specifically expressed under water deficit in arf4 mutants; six of these genes, including ABA signaling pathway-related genes, were differentially expressed between the wildtype and arf4 mutants under water deficit and unlimited water supply. Auxin responsive element (AuxRE) elements were found in these genes’ promoters indicating that SlARF4 participates in ABA signaling pathways by regulating the expression of SlABI5/ABF and SCL3, thereby influencing stomatal morphology and vascular bundle development and ultimately improving plant resistance to water deficit.

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Chapter II: Morphology of the male reproductive organs in the rat

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.3109/00016925809171021 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 49 (sup156) ◽

pp. 7-10

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Organs ◽

Male Reproductive Organs

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COLLABORATIVE WORK TO EVALUATE TOXICITY ON MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS BY REPEATED DOSE STUDIES IN RATS : 16)EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF CARMOFUR ON SPERMATOGENESIS

The Journal of Toxicological Sciences ◽

10.2131/jts.25.specialissue_163 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 25 (SpecialIssue) ◽

pp. 163-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Masakazu FURUKAWA ◽

Toshio KARAKAMA ◽

Masayoshi KAJI ◽

Shinobu GOMITA ◽

Masatoshi YOSHIMURA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Collaborative Work ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Repeated Dose ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Administration ◽

Male Reproductive Organs

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An Innovative Fog Catcher System Applied in the Andean Communities of Ecuador

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.12368 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 1917-1923

Author(s):

David V. Carrera-Villacrés ◽

Iveth Carolina Robalino ◽

Fabian F. Rodríguez ◽

Washington R. Sandoval ◽

Deysi L. Hidalgo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Demand ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Water Deficits ◽

Irrigation Water Demand ◽

The World ◽

Precipitation Water ◽

Local Water

Abstract. Fog catchers have been successfully applied in several countries around the world. In Ecuador, the Galte communities in the Andean region suffer from water deficits because they are located at an altitude higher than 3500 m above sea level. Rainfall in the area is relatively low, about 600 mm per year, with high evapotranspiration of approximately 615.74 mm per year. This study aimed to install fog catchers in Galte in 2014 and 2015 to help meet the communities’ water needs. The fog catcher system was designed to satisfy the irrigation water demand for local agricultural production, mainly maize, based on estimates using the Blaney-Criddle method. Every day throughout the year, each fog catcher collected 5 to 20 L of water per m2 of catcher area. The results indicate that the fog catcher system can meet about 5% of the local water demand for agricultural production. Keywords: Ecuador, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Precipitation, Water deficit.

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